Supercritical fluid technology for enhanced drug delivery

Bibliography

• LIPINSKI CA: Avoiding investment in doomed drugs, is poor solubility an industry wide problem? Curr. Drug Dis. (2000:17–19.
   Google Scholar
• LIPINSKI CA: Poor aqueous solubility an industry wide problem in drug discovery. Am. Pharm. Rev. (2002) 5:82–85.
   Google Scholar
• BROADHEAD J, ROUAN SK, RHODES CT: The spray drying of pharmaceuticals. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. (1992) 18(11-12):1169–1206.
   Google Scholar
• MASTERS K: Spray Drying Handbook, (3rd Edition). K Masters (Ed.), John Wiley 6c Sons, New York, NY, USA (1979).
   Google Scholar
• MULLER RH, BENITA S, BOHM B: Emulsions and nanosuspensions for the formulation of poorly soluble drugs. RH M S B B Bohm (Eds), Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart, Germany (1998).
   Google Scholar
• WIEDMANN TS, DECASTRO L, WOODS RW: Nebulization of nanocrystals: production of a respirable solid-in-liquid-in-air colloidal dispersion. Pharm. Res. (1997) 14(1):112–116.
   Google Scholar
• BOSCH HW: Sterile filtration of nanocrystal drug formulations. DrugDev. Ind. Pharm. (1997) 23(11):1087–1093.
   Google Scholar
• KIBBE AH: Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients (3rd Edition). AH Kibbe (Ed.), AphA and PhP, Washington DC, USA (2000).
   Google Scholar
• REBER LA, SCHOTT H: Colloidal dispersions. In: Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences. A O JE Hoover et al. (Eds), Mack Pub. Co., Easton, Pa. USA (1975):299–321.
   Google Scholar
• JAEGHERE F, DOELKER E, GURNY R: Encyclopedia of Controlled Drug Delivery. E Mathiowitz (Ed.), Wiley, New York, NY, USA (1999) 2:641.
   Google Scholar
• QUINTANAR-GUERRRO D, ALLEMANN E, FESSI H, DOELKAR E: Preparation techniques and mechanisms of formation of biodegradable nanoparticles from preformed polymers. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. (1998) 24(12):1113–1128.
   Google Scholar
• VANDERHOFF JW: Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Disperse Systems, (2nd Edition). HA L MM R GS Banker (Eds), Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA (1996) 1:91.
   Google Scholar
• JONES AG: Controlled Particle, Droplet and Bubble Formation. DJ Wedlock (Ed.), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK (1994):61.
   Google Scholar
• NAKANO M: Places of emulsions in drug delivery. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. (2000) 45(1):1–4.
   Google Scholar
• LAWRENCE M, REES G: Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. (2000) 45(1):89–121.
   Google Scholar
• LEUNER C, DRESSMAN J: Improoving drug solubility for oral delivery using solid dispersions. Eur. j Pharm. Biopharm. (2000) 50(1):47–60.
   Google Scholar
• STELLA V, RAJEWSKI R: Cyclodextrins: their future in drug formulation and delivery. Pharm. Res. (1997) 14:556–567.
   Google Scholar
• ALLEN TM: Liposomes: oppurtunities in drug delivery. Drugs (1997) 54\(Suppl. 4):8–14.
   Google Scholar
• COUVREUR P, DUBRNET C, PUISIEUX F: Controlled drug-delivery with nanoparticles - current possibilities and future trends. Euro. J. Pharm. Biopharm. (1995) 41(1):2–13.
   Google Scholar
• PACE S, PACE GW, PARIKH I, MISHRA A: Novel injectable formulations of insoluble drugs. Pharm. Tech. (1999) 23:116.
   Google Scholar
• JACOBS C, KAYSER O, MULLER RH: Nanosuspensions as a new approach for the formulation for the poorly soluble drug tarazepide. Int. J. Pharm. (2000) 196(2):161–164.
   Google Scholar
• MERISKO-LIVERSIDGE E, LIVERSIDGE GG, COOPER EG: Nanosizing: a formulation approach for poorly-water-soluble compounds. Eur. Pharm. Sci. (2003) 18(2):113–120.
   Google Scholar
• ••Description of nanosizing as an effective formulation approach for poorly water soluble drugs.
   Google Scholar
• MULLER RH, JACOBS C, KAYSER 0: Nanosuspensions as particulate drug formulations in therapy rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. (2001) 47(1):3–19.
   Google Scholar
• •This review illustrates the advantages of nanosuspensions over other drug delivery approaches.
   Google Scholar
• COOPER E: Nanoparticles in drug delivery. Nanotech. Symp. NIH. (2000).
   Google Scholar
• LOPER A: Poorly soluble compounds: Vehicle selection and solubilization. Land O'lakes Conference. Drug. Metab. Pharmacokinet. (1999).
   Google Scholar
• MOLLET H, GRUBENMANN A: Formulierungstechnik. H M A Grubenmann (Eds), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2000).
   Google Scholar
• PETERS D: Ultrasound in materials chemistry. J. Mater. Chem. (1996) 6(10):1605–1618.
   Google Scholar
• LAGALY LG, SCHULZ O, ZIMEHL R: Dispersionen und Emulsionen. LG Lagaly, 0 R Zimehl (Eds), Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Germany (1997).
   Google Scholar
• HERBST RW, HUNGER K: Industrial Organic Pigments. RW H K Hunger (Eds), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (1997).
   Google Scholar
• MULLER RH, BOHM BH, GRAU MJ: Nanosuspensions-formulations for poorly soluble drugs with poor bioavailability-lst communication: production and properties. Pharm. Ind. (1999) 61(1):74–78.
   Google Scholar
• MULLER RH, CORNELIA MK: Challenges and solutions for the delivery of biotech drugs - a review of drug nanocrystal technology and lipid nanoparticles. Biotechnol (2004) 113:151–170.
   Google Scholar
• LIVERSIDGE GG, CUNDY KC: Particle-size reduction for improvement of oral bioavailability of hydrphobic drugs. 1. Absolute oral bioavailabilty of nanocrystalline danazol in beagle dogs. Int. J. Pharm. (1995) 125(1):91–97.
   Google Scholar
• FLOYD AG: Top ten consideration in the development of parenteral emulsions. Pharm. Sci. Tech. (1999) 2(4):134–143.
   Google Scholar
• SERAJUDDIN AT: Solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs: early promises, subsequent problems, and recent breakthroughs. J. Pharm. Sci. (1999) 88(10):1058–1066.
   Google Scholar
• KRAUSE K, MULLER RH: Production and characterization of highly concentrated nanosuspensions by high pressure homogenization. Int. J. Pharm. (2001) 214:21–24.
   Google Scholar
• TOM JW, DEBENEDETTI PG: Particle formation with supercritical fluids - a review. J. Aerosol. Sci. (1991) 22(5):555–584.
   Google Scholar
• DEBENEDETTI PG: Supercritical fluids as particle formation media. In: Supercritical Fluids: Fundamentals for Application. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, USA (1994) 273:719.
   Google Scholar
• VEMAVARAPU C, MOLLAN MJ, LODAYA M, NEEDHAM TE: Design and process aspects of laboratory scale SCF particle formation systems. Int. J. Pharm. (2005) 292(1-2):1–16.
   Google Scholar
• REVERCHON E, DELLA-PORTA G: Supercritical fluids-assisted micronization techniques. Low-impact routes for particle production. Pure Appl. Chem. (2001) 73(8):1293–1297.
   Google Scholar
• KROBER H, TEIPAL U, KRAUSE H: Manufacture of submicron particles via expansion of supercritical fluids. Chem. Eng. TechnoL (2000) 23(9):763–765.
   Google Scholar
• HELFGEN B, TURK M, SCHABER K: Theoretical and experimental investigations of the micronization of organic solids by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions. Powder. TechnoL (2000) 110(1-2):22–28.
   Google Scholar
• ROGERS TL, JOHNSTON KP, WILLIAMS RO 3rd: Solution-based particle formation of pharmaceutical powders by supercritical or compressed fluid CO, and cryogenic spray-freezing technologies. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. (2001) 27(10):1003–1015.
   Google Scholar
• YORK P: Strategies for particle design usingsupercritical fluid technologies. Pharm. Sci. TechnoL Today (1999) 2(11):430–440.
   Google Scholar
• •Review on applications of supercritical fluid technology.
   Google Scholar
• KOMPELLA UB, KOUSHIK K: Preparation of drug delivery systems using supercritical fluid. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. (2001) 18:173–199.
   Google Scholar
• •Review on different drug delivery systems prepared using supercritical fluids.
   Google Scholar
• SUBRAMANIAM B, RAJEWSKI RA, SNAVELY K: Pharmaceutical processing with supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Pharm. Sci. (1997) 86(8):885–890.
   Google Scholar
• JUNG J, PERRUT M: Particle design using supercritical fluids: literature and patent survey. J. Supercrit. Fluids (2001) 20(3):179–219.
   Google Scholar
• ••A detailed review of the supercritical fluidprocessing techniques for particle production.
   Google Scholar
• STANTON LA, DEHGHANI F, FOSTER NR: Improving drug delivery using polymers and supercritical fluid technology. Aust. J. Chem. (2002) 55(6-7):443–447.
   Google Scholar
• FAGES J, LOCHARD H, LETOURNEAU JJ, SAUCEAU M, RODIER E: Particle generation for pharmaceutical applications using supercritical fluid technology. Powder TechnoL (2004) 141(3):219–226.
   Google Scholar
• YOUNG TJ, MAWSON S, JOHNSTON KP, HENRIKSEN IB, PACE GW, MISHRA AK: Rapid expansion from supercritical to aqueous solution to produce submicron suspensions of water-insoluble drugs. Biotech. Progress. (2000) 16(3):402–407.
   Google Scholar
• TAN HS, BORSADIA S: Particle formation using supercritical fluids: Pharmaceutical applications. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. (2001) 11(5):861–872.
   Google Scholar
• VALLE EM, GALAN MA: Supercritical fluid technique for particle engineering: drug delivery applications. Rev. Chem. Eng. (2005) 21(1):33–69.
   Google Scholar
• YORK P, KOMPELLA UB, SHEKUNOV BY: Supercritical Fluid Technology for Drug Product Development. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA (2004).
   Google Scholar
• DATE AA, PATRAVALE VB: Current strategies for engineering drug nanoparticles. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. (2004) 9(1-3):222–235.
   Google Scholar
• •Description of various strategies for drug nanoparticle production.
   Google Scholar
• HU J, JOHNSTON KP, WILLIAMS RO 3rd: Nanoparticle engineering proceses for enhancing the dissolution rates of poorly water soluble drugs. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. (2004) 30(3):233–245.
   Google Scholar
• MEZIANI MJ, PATHAK P, HUREZEANU R, THIES MC, ENICK RM, SUN YP: Supercritical-fluid processing technique for nanoscale polymer particles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed (2004) 43(6):704–707.
   Google Scholar
• PATHAK P, MEZIANI MJ, DESAI T, SUN YP: Nanosizing drug particles in supercritical fluid processing. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2004) 126(35):10842–10843.
   Google Scholar
• SUN YP, MEZIANI MJ, PATHAK P, QU L: Polymeric nanoparticles from rapid expansion of supercritical-fluid solution. Chem. Eur. J. (2005) 11(5):1366–1373.
   Google Scholar
• SAUCEAU M, LETOURNEAU JJ, FREISS B, RICHON D, FAGES J: Solubility of eflucimibe in supercritical carbon dioxide with or without a co-solvent. Supercrit. Fluids (2004) 31(2):133–140.
   Google Scholar
• TING SST, MACNAUGHTON SJ, TOMASKO DL, FOSTER NR: Solubilty of naproxen in supercritical carbon dioxide with and without cosolvents. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (1993) 32(7):1471–1481.
   Google Scholar
• DEBENEDETTI PG, TOM JW, KWAUK X, YEO SD: Rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS)-fundamentals and applications. Fluid Phase Equilib. (1993) 82:311–321.
   Google Scholar
• REVERCHON E: Supercritical antisolvent precipitation of micro- and nano-particles. Supercrit. Fluids (1999) 15(1):1–21.
   Google Scholar
• WANG Y, PFEFFER R, DAVE R, ENICK R: Polymer encapsulation of fine particles by a supercritical antisolvent process. AIChE J. (2005) 51(2):440–455.
   Google Scholar
• WINTERS MA, KNUTSON BL, DEBENEDETTI PG et al: Precipitation of proteins in supercritical carbon dioxide. Pharm. Sci. (1996) 85(6):586–594.
   Google Scholar
• PERRUT M: Supercritical fluids applications in the pharmaceutical industry. STP Pharma. Sci. (2003) 13(2):83–91.
   Google Scholar
• JOVANOVIC N, BOUCHARD A. HOFLAND GW, WITKAMP GJ, CROMMELIN DJ, JISKOOT Stabilization of proteins in dry powder formulations using supercritical fluid technology. Pharm. Res. (2004) 21(11):1955–1969.
   Google Scholar
• CHATTOPADHYAY P, GUPTA RB: Protein nanoparticles formation by supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer. AIChE J. (2002) 48(2):235–244.
   Google Scholar
• DIXON DJ, JOHNSTON KP, BRODEMIER RA: Polymeric materials formed by precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent. AIChE J. (1993) 39(1):127–139.
   Google Scholar
• FALK R, RANDOLPH TW, MEYER JD, KELLEY RM, MANNING MC: Controlled release of ionic compounds from poly(L-lactide) microspheres produced by precipitation with a compressed antisolvent. J. Control. Release (1997) 44(1):77–85.
   Google Scholar
• SLOAN R, HOLLOWOOD ME, HUMPREYS GO, ASHRAF W, YORK P: Supercritical fluid processing: preparation of stable protein particles. Proceedings of the 5th Meeting on Supercritical Fluids. (1998):301–306.
   Google Scholar
• KRUKONIS VJ: Supercritical fluids nucleation of difficult-to-comminute solids. Annual Meeting AIChE. (1984).
   Google Scholar
• •This is one of the first reports on the formation of particles using supercritical fluids.
   Google Scholar
• LELE AK, SHINE AD: Effect of RESS dynamics on polymer morphology Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (1994) 33(6):1476–1485.
   Google Scholar
• MATSON DW, PETERSEN RC, SMITH RD: Formation of silica powders from the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions. Adv. Ceramic Mat. (1986) 1: 242–246.
   Google Scholar
• MATSON DW, FULTON JL, PETERSEN RC, SMITH RD: Rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions - solute formation of powders, thin-films, and fibers. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (1987) 26(11):2298–2306.
   Google Scholar
• MATSON DW, PETERSEN RC, SMITH RD: Production of powders and films by the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions. J. Mater. Sci. (1987) 22(6):1919–1928.
   Google Scholar
• ECKERT CA, KNUTSON BL, DEBENEDETTI PG: Supercritical fluids as solvents for chemical and materials processing. Nature (1996) 383(6598):313–318.
   Google Scholar
• MCHUGH MA, KRUKONIS VJ: Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Principles and Practice. 2nd Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, MA, USA (1994).
   Google Scholar
• YEO SD, KIRAN E: Formation of polymerparticles with supercritical fluids: a review. Supercrit. Fluids (2005) 34(3):287–308.
   Google Scholar
• •A recent review on the supercritical fluid processing of polymer particles.
   Google Scholar
• MOHAMED RS, HALVERSON DS, DEBENEDETTI PG, PRUD'HOMME RK: Solids formation after the expansion of supercritical mixtures. In: Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology. KP J JML Penninger (Eds), ACS symposium Series 406, Washington DC, USA (1989):355–378.
   Google Scholar
• DOMINGO CE, BERENDS CE, VANROSMALEN GM: Precipitation of ultrafine organic crystals from the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions over a capillary and a fit nozzle. J. Supercrit. Fluids (1997) 10(1):39–55.
   Google Scholar
• PETERSEN RC, MATSON DW, SMITH RD: The formation of polymer fibers from the rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions. Polym. Eng. Sci. (1987) 27(22):1693–1697.
   Google Scholar
• PETERSEN RC, MATSON DW, SMITH RD: Rapid precipitation of low vapor-pressure solids from supercritical fluid solutions-the formation of thin films and fibers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1986) 108(8):2100–2102.
   Google Scholar
• MAWSON S, JOHNSTON KP, COMBES JR, DESIMONE JM: Formation of poly(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate) submicron fibers and particles from supercritical carbon-dioxide solutions. Macromolecules (1995) 28(9):3182–3191.
   Google Scholar
• WEBER M, THIES MC: Understanding the RESS process. In: Supercritical Fluid Technology in Materials Science and Engineering: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. YP Sun (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA (2002):387–437.
   Google Scholar
• GINOSAR DM, SWANK WD, MCMURTERY RD, CARMACK WJ: Flow-field studies of the RESS process. Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids (2000).
   Google Scholar
• SUN YP, ROLLINS HW: Preparation ofpolymer-protected semiconductor nanoparticles through the rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solution. Chem. Phys. Lett. (1998) 288(2-4):585–588.
   Google Scholar
• SUN YP, RIGGS JE, ROLLINS HW, GUDURU R: Strong optical limiting of silver-containing nanocrystalline particles in stable suspensions. J. Phys. Chem. (1999) 103(1):77–82.
   Google Scholar
• SUN YP, ROLLINS HW, GUDURU R: Preparation of nickel, cobalt, and iron nanoparticles through the rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solution (RESS) and chemical reduction. Chem. Mater. (1999) 11(1):7–9.
   Google Scholar
• SUN YP, GUDURU R, LIN F, WHITESIDE T: Preparation of nanoscale semiconductors through the rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) into liquid solution. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (2000) 39(12):4663–4669.
   Google Scholar
• SUN YP, ATORNGITJAWAT P, MEZIANI MJ: Preparation of silver nanoparticles via rapid expansion of water in carbon dioxide microemulsion into reductant solution. Langmuir (2001) 17(19):5707–5710.
   Google Scholar
• MEZIANI MJ, PATHAK P, ALLARD LF, SUN YP: Nanoparticle formation in rapid expansion of water-in-carbon dioxide microemulsion into liquid solvent. In: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Separations and Processes. AS G CM W HK Jacobs (Eds), ACS Symposium Series 860, Washington DC, USA (2003):309–323.
   Google Scholar
• MEZIANI MJ, ROLLINS HW, ALLARD LF, SUN YP: Protein-protected nanoparticles from rapid expansion of supercritical solution into aqueous solution. J. Phys. Chem. B (2002) 106(43):11178–11182.
   Google Scholar
• MEZIANI MJ, SUN YP: Protein-conjugated nanoparticles from rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solution into aqueous solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2003) 125(20:8015–8018.
   Google Scholar
• MEZIANI MJ, PATHAK P, HARRUFF BA, HUREZEANU R, SUN YP: Direct conjugation of semiconductor nanoparticles with proteins. Langmuir (2005) 21(5):2008–2011.
   Google Scholar
• ANIEDOBE NE, THIES MC: Formation of cellulose acetate fibers by the rapid expansion of supercritical methanol solutions. Macromolecules (1997) 30(9):2792–2794.
   Google Scholar
• BLASIG A. SHI CM, ENICK RM, THIES MC: Effect of concentration and degree of saturation on RESS of a CO2-soluble fluoropolymer. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (2002) 41(20):4976–4983.
   Google Scholar
• DEBENEDETTI PG, TOM JW, YEO SD, LIM GB: Application of supercritical fluids for the production of sustained delivery devices. J. Control. Release (1993) 24(1-3):2744.
   Google Scholar
• MISHIMA K, MATSUYAMA K, TANABE D, YAMAUCHI S, YOUNG TJ, JOHNSTON KP: Microencapsulation of proteins by rapid expansion of supercritical solution with a nonsolvent. AIChE J. (2000) 46(4):857–865.
   Google Scholar
• MATSUYAMA K, MISHIMA K, HAYASHI KI, ISHIKAWA H, MATSUYAMA H, HARADA T: Formation of microcapsules of medicines by the rapid expansion of a supercritical solution with a nonsolvent. J. Applied. Poly. Sci. (2003) 89(3):742–752.
   Google Scholar
• LAVINE M: Capturing polymer nanoparticles. Science (2004) 303:927.
   Google Scholar
• MARTIN AM: Drug product design. In: Physical Pharmacy. AM Martin (Ed.), Malvern, PA, USA (1993):512.
   Google Scholar
• RASENACK N, MULLER, BW: Micron-size drug particles: Common and novel micronization techniques. Pharm. Dev. Design (2004) 9(1):1–13.
   Google Scholar
• BITTNER B, MOUNTFIELD RJ: Intravenous administration of poorly soluble new drugs entities in early drug delivery: the potential impact of formulation on pharmacokinetic parameters. Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Dev. (2002) 5(1):59–71.
   Google Scholar
• GREF R, DOMB A, QUELLEC P, BLUNK T, MULLER RH, VERBAVATZ JM: The controlled intravenous delivery of drugs using PEG-coated sterically stabilized nanospheres. Adv. Drug Deli v. Rev. (1995) 16(2-3):215–233.
   Google Scholar
• MERISKO-LIVERSIDGE E, SARPOTDAR P, BRUNO J et al: Formulation and antitumor activity evaluation of nanocrystalline suspensions of poorly soluble anticancer. Drugs. Pharm. Res. (1996) 13:272.
   Google Scholar
• SONG CX, LABHASETWAR MURPHY H et al.: Formulation and characterization of biodegradable nanoparticles for intravascular local drug delivery. J. Control. Release (1997) 43(2-3):197–212.
   Google Scholar
• ILLUM L, DAVIS SS, WILSON CG, THOMAS FRIER M, HARDY JG: Blood clearance and organ deposition of intravenously administered colloidal particles. Effect of particle size, nature, and shape. Int. J. Pharm. (1982) 2:135.
   Google Scholar
• HANS ML, LOWMAN AM: Boidegradable nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeting. Curr. Opi. Solid State Mater. Sci. (2002) 6(4):319–327.
   Google Scholar
• BARRATT G: Colloidal drug carriers: Achievements and perspectives. Cell. MoL Life Sci. (2003) 60(1):21–37.
   Google Scholar
• YOUNG J, TIMOTHY J, MAWSON S et al.: Rapid expansion from supercritical to aqueous solution to produce submicron suspension of water-insoluble drugs. Biotechnol Frog. (2000) 16(3):402–407.
   Google Scholar
• TOM JW, LIM GW, DEBENEDETTI PG, PRUDHOMME RK: Applications of supercritical fluids in the controlled release of drugs. ACS Symposium Series (1993) 514:238–257.
   Google Scholar
• MOGHIMI SM, HUNTER AC, MURRAY JC: Long-circulating and target-specific nanoparticles: theory to practice. Pharmacol Rev. (2001) 53(2):283–318.
   Google Scholar
• •This article discusses the surface modification of colloidal carriers for prolonged circulation and/or target specificity.
   Google Scholar
• STOLNIK S, ILLUM L, DAVIS SS: Long circulating microparticulate drug carriers. Adv. Drug Deli v. Rev. (1995) 16(2-3):195–214.
   Google Scholar
• WOODLE MC: Controlling liposome blood clearance by surface grafted polymers. Adv. Drug Deli v. Rev. (1998) 32(1-2):139–152.
   Google Scholar
• GREF R, MINAMITAKE Y, PERACCHIA MT, TRUBETSKOY V, TORCHILIN V, LANGER R: Biodegradable long-circulating polymeric nanospheres. Science (1994) 263(5153):1600–1603.
   Google Scholar
• LEE JW, PARK JH, ROBINSON JR: Bioadhesive-based dosage forms: the next generation. J. Pharm. Sci. (2000) 89(7):850–856.
   Google Scholar
• LEUNER C, DRESSMAN J: Improving drug solubility for oral delivery using solid dispersions. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. (2000) 50(1):47–60.
   Google Scholar
• SOMA CE, DUBERNET C, BARRATT G, BENITA S, COUVREUR P: Investigation of the role of the macrophages on the cytoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles on M5076 cells in vitro. J. Control. Release (2000) 68(2):283–289.
   Google Scholar
• DAEMAN T, VELNOVA MJ, REGTS J et al.: Different intrahepatic distribution of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine liposomes in rat. Hepatology (1997) 26(2):416–423.
   Google Scholar
• ROMERO E MORILLA MJ, REGTS J, KONING GA, SCHERPHOF GL: On the mechanism of hepatic transendothelial passage of large liposomes. FEBS Lett. (1999) 448(1):193–196.
   Google Scholar
• CHAROENCHAITRAKOOL M, DEHGHANI F, FOSTER NR, CT-JAN HK: Micronization by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions to enhance the dissolution rates of poorly water-soluble pharmaceuticals. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (2000) 39(12):4794–4802.
   Google Scholar
• SUN YP, ROLLINS HW, JAYASUNDRA B, MEZIANI MJ, BUNKER CE: Preparation and processing of nanoscale materials by supercritical fluid technology. In: Supercritical Fluid Technology in Materials Science and Engineering: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. YP Sun (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA (2002):491–576.
   Google Scholar
• MEDOFF G, BRAJTBURG J, KOBAYASHI GS, BOLARD J: Antifungal agents useful in therapy of systemic fungal infections. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol Toxicol (1983) 23:303–330.
   Google Scholar
• GALLIS HA, DREW RH, PICKARD WW: Amphotericin-B- 30 years of clinical-experience. Rev. Infect. Dis. (1990) 12(2):308–329.
   Google Scholar
• JULIANO RL, LOPEZ-BERESTEIN G, HOPFER R, MEHTA R, MEHTA K, MILLS K: Selective toxicity and enhanced therapeutic index of liposomal polyene antibiotics in systemic fungal-infections. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1985) 446:390–402.
   Google Scholar
• MINONES J DYNAROWICZ-LATKA P, CONDE 0, MINONES J, IRIBARNEGARAY E, CASAS M: Interactions of amphotericin B with saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholines at the air/water interface. Colloids Surf- .B. Biointerfaces (2003) 29(2-3):205–215.
   Google Scholar
• FUKUI H, KOIKE T, SAHEKI A, SONOKE S, SEKI J: A novel delivery system for amphotericin B with lipid nano-sphere (LNS). Int. J. Pharm. (2003) 265(1-2):37–45.
   Google Scholar
• ATKINSON AJ, BENNETT JE: Amphotericin B pharmacokinetics in humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1978) 13(2):271–276.
   Google Scholar
• NAGAYASU A, UCHIYAMA K, KIWADA H: The size of liposomes: a factor which affects their targeting efficiency to tumors and therapeutic activity ofliposomal antitumor drugs. Adv. Drug Deli v. Rev. (1999) 40:75–87.
   Google Scholar
• HANCOCK BC, ZOGRAFI G: Characteristics and significance of the amorphous state in pharmaceutical systems. Pharm. Sci. (1997) 86(1):1–12.
   Google Scholar
• HORTER D, DRESSMAN JB: Influence of physicochemical properties on dissolution of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. (2001) 46(1-3):75–87.
   Google Scholar