The potential of chitosan for the oral administration of peptides

Bibliography

• ROUGET C: Des substances amylacées darts le tissu des animaux, spécialement les articulés (chitine). Comp. Rend. (1859) 48: 792–795.
   Google Scholar
• SUGANO M, WATANABE S, KISHI A et al.: Hypocholesterolemic action of chitosans with different viscosities in rats. Lipids (1988) 23:187–191.
   Google Scholar
• ALLAN CR, HADWIGER LA: The fungicidal effect of chitosan on fungi of varying cell wall composition. Exp. Mica (1979) 3:285–287.
   Google Scholar
• BALASSA LL, PRUDDEN JF: Application of chitin and chitosan in wound healing acceleration. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Chitin/Chitosan. Cambridge, USA (1978): 269–305.
   Google Scholar
• HIRANO S, SEINO H, AKIYAMA I, NONAKA I: Biocompatibility of chitosan by oral and intravenous administration. Polym. Mat. Eng. Sci. (1988) 59:897–901.
   Google Scholar
• HIRANO S, SEINO H, AKIYAMA I, NONAKA I: Chitosan: a biocompatible material for oral and intravenous administrations. In: Progress in Biomedical Polymers, CG G RL Dunn (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York (1990):283–290.
   Google Scholar
• PANGBURN SH, CONY PV, HELLER J: Lysozyme degradation of partially deacetylated chitin, its films and hydrogels. Biomaterials (1982) 3:105–108.
   Google Scholar
• ILLUM L: Chitosan and its use as a pharmaceutical excipient. Pharm. Res. (1998) 15:1326–1331.
   Google Scholar
• ILLUM L, JABBAL-GILL I, HINCHCLIFFE M, FISHER AN, DAVIS SS: Chitosan as a novel nasal delivery system for vaccines. Adv. Drug Deity. Rev (2001) 51:81–96.
   Google Scholar
• FERNANDEZ-URRUSUNO R, ROMANI D, CALVO P, VILA-JATO JL, ALONSO MJ: Development of a freeze-dried formulation of insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles intended for nasal administration. S.7:1? Pharma Sci. (1999) 9:429–436.
   Google Scholar
• FERNANDEZ-URRUSUNO R, CALVO P, REMUSIAN-LOPEZ C, VILA-JATO JL, ALONSO MJ: Enhancement of nasal absorption of insulin using chitosan nanoparticles. Pharm. Res. (1999) 16:1576–1581.
   Google Scholar
• •Shows the potential of chitosan nanoparticles as nasal peptide carriers.
   Google Scholar
• VILA A, SANCHEZ A, TOBIO M, CALVO P, ALONSO MJ: Design of biodegradable particles for protein delivery. J. Control. Release (2002) 78:15–24.
   Google Scholar
• VILA A, SANCHEZ A, JANES K et al: Low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles as new carriers for nasal vaccine delivery in mice. Eur. Pharm. Biopharm. (2004) 57:123–131.
   Google Scholar
• ILLUM L, DODANE V, IQBAL K: Chitosan technology to enhance the effectiveness of nasal drug delivery. Drug Deity. 7echnol. (2002) 2:40–43.
   Google Scholar
• DAVIS SS, ILLUM L: Absorption enhancers for nasal drug delivery. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2003) 42:1107–1128.
   Google Scholar
• ALONSO MJ, SANCHEZ A: The potential of chitosan in ocular drug delivery. Pharm. Pharmacol. (2003) 55:1451–1463.
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS AM, SANCHEZ A, ALONSO MJ: Chitosan nanoparticles: a new vehicle for the improvement of the delivery of drugs to the ocular surface. Application to cyclosporin A. Int. Pharm. (2001) 224:159–168.
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS AM, SANCHEZ A, GREF R, CALVO P, ALONSO MJ: The effect of a PEG versus a chitosan coating on the interaction of drug colloidal carriers with the ocular mucosa. Eur. Pharm. Sci. (2003) 20:73–81.
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS AM, DIEBOLD Y, CARVALHO ELS, SANCHEZ A, ALONSO MJ: Chitosan nanoparticles as new ocular drug delivery systems: in vitro stability, in vivo fate, and cellular toxicity. Pharm. Res. (2004) 21:803–810.
   Google Scholar
• PORTERO A, REMUNAN-LOPEZ C, VILA-JATO JL: Effect of chitosan and chitosan glutamate enhancing the dissolution properties of the poorly water soluble drug nifedipine. Int. I Pharm. (1998) 175:75–84.
   Google Scholar
• AYDIN Z, AKBUGA J: Chitosan beads forthe delivery of salmon calcitonin: preparation and release characteristics. Int. Pharm. (1996) 131:101–103.
   Google Scholar
• SINHA VR, SINGLA AK, WADHAWAN R: Chitosan microspheres as a potential carrier for drugs. Int. J. Pharm. (2004) 274:1–33.
   Google Scholar
• REMUNAN-LOPEZ C, PORTERO A, LEMOS M et al.: Chitosan microspheres for the specific delivery of amoxycillin to the gastric cavity. S.7:1? Pharma. Sci. (2000) 10:69–76.
   Google Scholar
• BERNKOP-SCHNORCH A, HOFFER MH, KAFEDJIISKI: Thiomers for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecular drugs. Expert Opin. Drug Deify. (2004) 1:87–98.
   Google Scholar
• MERWE SM, VERHOEF JC, VERHEIJDEN JH, KOTZE AF, JUNGINGER HE: Trimethylated chitosan as polymeric absorption enhancer for improved peroral delivery of peptide drugs. Eur. I Pharm. Biopharm. (2004) 58:225–235.
   Google Scholar
• JANES KA, CALVO P, ALONSO MJ: Polysaccharide colloidal particles as delivery systems for macromolecules. Adv. Drug Deify. Rev. (2001) 47:83–97.
   Google Scholar
• ••Provides a good review of the chitosan-based colloidal carriers for macromolecular drug delivery.
   Google Scholar
• RADI HEJAZI, MANSOOR A: Chitosan-based gastrointestinal delivery systems. J. Control. Release (2003) 89:151–165.
   Google Scholar
• SINGLA AK, CHAWLA M: Chitosan: some pharmaceutical and biological aspects-an update../. Pharm. Pharmacol (2001) 53:1047–1067.
   Google Scholar
• ILLUM L: Nasal drug delivery-possibilities, problems and solutions. ./. Control. Release (2003) 87:187–198.
   Google Scholar
• CHO YW, JANG J, PARK CR, KO SW: Preparation and solubility in acid and water of partially deacetylated chitins. Biomacromolecules (2000) 1:609–614.
   Google Scholar
• TSAIH ML, CHEN RH: Effects of ionic strength and pH on the diffusion coefficients and conformation of chitosans molecule in solution. ./. Appl. Polym. Sci. (1999) 73:2041–2050.
   Google Scholar
• ARTURSSON P, LINDMARK T, DAVIS SS, ILLUM L: Effect of chitosan on the permeability of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells (Caro-2). Pharm. Res. (1994) 11:1358–1361.
   Google Scholar
• DODANE V, KHAN MA, MERWIN JR: Effect of chitosan on epithelial permeability and structure. I'm I Pharm. (1999) 182:21–32.
   Google Scholar
• SCHIPPER NGM, VARUM KM, ARTURSSON P: Chitosans as absorption enhancers for poorly absorbable drugs.1: Influence of the molecular weight and the degree of acetylation on drug transport across human intestinal epithelium (Caco-2) cells. Pharm. Res. (1996) 13:1686–1692.
   Google Scholar
• SMITH J, WOOD E, DORNISH M: Effect of chitosan on epithelial cell tight junctions. Pharm. Res. (2004) 21:43–49.
   Google Scholar
• KOTZE AF, LEEUW BJ, LUESSEN HL et al.: Chitosans for enhanced delivery of therapeutic peptides across the intestinal epithelium: in vitro evaluation in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Int. .1. Pharm. (1997) 159:243–253.
   Google Scholar
• SMITH JM, DORNISH M, WORD EJ: Involvement of protein kinase C in chitosan glutamate-mediated tight junction disruption. Biomaterials (2005) 26:3269–3276.
   Google Scholar
• LEHR C- BOUWSTRA JA, SCHACHT EH, JUNGINGER HE: vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive properties of chitosan and some other natural polymers. hit. Pharm. (1992) 78:43–48.
   Google Scholar
• HE P, DAVIS SS, ILLUM L: In vitro evaluation of the mucoadhesive properties of chitosan microspheres. Int. Pharm. (1998) 166:75–88.
   Google Scholar
• KAWASHIMA Y, YAMAMOTO H, TAKEUCHI H, KUNO Y: Mucoadhesive dl-lactide/glycolide copolymer nanospheres coated with chitosan to improve oral delivery of elcatonin. Pharm. Dev. Technol (2000) 5:77–85.
   Google Scholar
• CARAMELLA CM, ROSSI S, BONFERONI MC: A rheological approach to explain the mucoadhesive behavior of polymers hydrogels. In: Encyclopedia of controlled drug delivery (Volume I). Mathiowit E (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY, USA (1999): 25–65.
   Google Scholar
• ARAI K, KINUMAKI T, FUJITA T: Toxicity of chitosan. Bull. Tokai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. (1968) 43:89–94.
   Google Scholar
• KOIDE SS: Chitin-chitosan - properties, benefits and risks. Nutr. Res. (1998) 18:1091–1101.
   Google Scholar
• PITTLER MH, ABBOT NC, HARKNESS EF, ERNST E: Randomized, double-blind trial of chitosan for body weight reduction. Eur. Clin. Nut]: (1999) 53:379–381.
   Google Scholar
• ARTURSSON P: Cell cultures as modelsfor intestinal peptide transport. S. TI? Pharma ScL (1993) 3:5–10.
   Google Scholar
• LUESSEN HL, RENTEL CO, KOTZE AF et al.: Mucoadhesive polymers in peroral peptide drug delivery. IV. Polycarbophil and chitosan are potent enhancers of peptide transport across intestinal mucosa in vitro. J. Control. Release (1997) 45:15–23.
   Google Scholar
• LUESSEN HL, LEEUW BJ, LANGEMEYER MW et al: Mucoadhesive polymers in peroral peptide drug delivery. VI. Carbomer and chitosan improve the intestinal absorption of the peptide drug buserelin in vivo. Pharm. Res. (1996) 13:1668–1672.
   Google Scholar
• KOTZE AF, LUESSEN HL, DE LEEUW BJ et al: Comparison of the effect of different chitosan salts and and N-trimethyl chitosan chloride on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). J. Control. Release (1998) 51:35–46.
   Google Scholar
• SNYMAN D, HAMMAN JH, KOTZE AF: Evaluation of the mucoadhesive properties of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. (2003) 29:59–67.
   Google Scholar
• THANOU M, VERHOEF JC, MARBACH P, JUNGINGER HE: Intestinal absorption of octreotide: N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) ameliorates the permeability and absorption properties of the somatostatin analogue in vitro and in vivo. J. Pharm. Li. (2000) 89:951–957.
   Google Scholar
• THANOU M, VERHOEF JC, VERHEIJDEN JHM, JUNGINGER HE: Intestinal absorption of octreotide using trimethyl chitosan chloride: studies in pigs. Pharm. Res. (2001) 18:823–828.
   Google Scholar
• KOTZE AF, THANOU MM, LUESSEN HL et al: Enhancement of paracellular drug transport with highly quaternized Ntrimethyl chitosan chloride in neutral environments. ./. Pharm. Li. (1999) 88:253–257.
   Google Scholar
• GUGGI D, KAST CE, BERNKOP-SCHNORCH A: LI vivo evaluation of an oral calcitonin-delivery system based on a thiolated chitosan carrier matrix. Pharm. Res. (2003) 20:1989–1994.
   Google Scholar
• BERNKOP-SCHNORCH A, GUGGI D, PINTER Y: Thiolated chitosans: development and in vitro evaluation of a mucoadhesive, permeation enhancing oral drug delivery system. ./. Control. Release (2004) 94:177–186.
   Google Scholar
• LANGOTH N, GUGGI D, PINTER Y, BERNKOP-SCHNORCH A: Thiolated chitosan: in vitro evaluation of its permeation enhancing properties. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Sono; Glasgow, UK (2003):34.
   Google Scholar
• KRAULAND HA, GUGGI D, BERNKOP-SCHNORCH A: Oral insulin delivery: the potential of thiolated chitosan-insulin tablets on non-diabetic rats. J. Control. Release (2004) 95:547–555.
   Google Scholar
• YAMAMOTO A, TOZAKI H, OKADA N, FUJITA T: Colon-specific delivery of peptide drugs and anti-inflamatory drugs using chitosan capsules. S.TE Pharma ScL (2000) 10:23–34.
   Google Scholar
• SINHA VR, KUMRIA R: Microbially triggered drug delivery to the colon. Eur. Pharm. Li. (2003) 18:3–18.
   Google Scholar
• LAMPRECHT A, YAMAMOTO H, TAKEUCHI H, KAWASHIMA Y: pH-sensitive microsphere delivery increases oral bioavailability of calcitonin. J. Control. Release (2004) 98:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• TORRES D, RODRIGUEZ M, CUNA M: Microencapsulated lipid cores for site-specific delivery of corticosteroid and peptide drugs to the colonic region. S. TB Pharma Sci. (2003) 13:49–56.
   Google Scholar
• LORENZO-LAMOSA ML, REMUNAN-LOPEZ C, VILA-JATO JL, ALONSO MJ: Design of microencapsulated chitosan microspheres for colonic drug delivery. J. Control. Release (1998) 52:109–118.
   Google Scholar
• TOZAKI H, KOMOIKE J, TADA C et al:Chitosan capsules for colon-specific drug delivery: improvement of insulin absorption from the rat colon. ./. Pharm. Li. (1997) 86:1016–1021.
   Google Scholar
• UCHEGBU IF, SCHATZLEIN AG, TETLEY L et al: Polymeric chitosan-based vesicles for drug delivery. J. Pharm. Pharmacol (1998) 50:453–458.
   Google Scholar
• KIM K, KWON S, PARK JH, CHUNG H, JEONG SY, ICK CK: Physicochemical characterizations of self-assembled nanoparticles of glycol chitosan-deoxycholic acid conjugates. Biomacromolecules. (2005) 6:1154–1158.
   Google Scholar
• LIU C- DESAI KGH, CHEN X- PARK H-J: Linolenic acid-modified chitosan for formation of self-assembled nanoparticles. I Agric. Food Chem. (2005) 53:437–441.
   Google Scholar
• OHYA Y, CAI R, NISHIZAWA H, HARA K, OUCHI T: Preparation of PEG-grafted chitosan nanoparticles as peptide drug carriers. S. TI? Pharma Li. (2000) 10:77–82.
   Google Scholar
• CALVO P, REMUNAN-LOPEZ C, VILA-JATO JL, ALONSO MJ: Novel hydrophilic chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers. Appl. Polym. Li. (1997) 63:125–132.
   Google Scholar
• PAN Y, LI Y, ZHAO H et al: Bioadhesive polysaccharide in protein delivery system: chitosan nanoparticles improve the intestinal absorption of insulin in vivo. Int. Pharm. (2002) 249:139–147.
   Google Scholar
• MA Z, LIM TM, LIM LY: Pharmacological activity of peroral chitosan-insulin nanoparticles in diabetic rats. Pharm. Nanotechnol. (2005) 293:271–280.
   Google Scholar
• BEHRENS I, VILA-PENA A ALONSO MJ, KISSEL T: Comparative uptake studies of bioadhesive and non-bioadhesive nanoparticles in human intestinal cell lines and rats: the effect of mucus on particle adsorption and transport. Pharm. Res. (2002) 19:1185–1193.
   Google Scholar
• •Presents a comparison of the mechanisms of interaction of different types of nanoparticles in Caco-2 and mucus-secreting model cell lines.
   Google Scholar
• CUSIA M, ALONSO-SANDE M, REMUNAN-LOPEZ C et al: Development of chitosan/glucomannan nanoparticles as carriers for oral protein administration. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society Seoul, Korea (2002):136.
   Google Scholar
• TOMIZAWA H, ARAMAKI Y, FUJII Y et al.: Uptake of phosphatidylserine liposomes by rat Peyer 's patches following intraluminal administration. Pharm. Res. (1993) 10:549–552.
   Google Scholar
• ALONSO M, TEIJEIRO D, REMUNAN-LOPEZ C, ALONSO MJ: Chitosan/glucomannan nanoparticles as oral delivery systems for insulin. 2nd Pharmaceutical Sciences World Congress, Kyoto, Japan (2004): 239.
   Google Scholar
• EL-SHABOURI MH: Positively chargednanoparticles for improving the oral bioavailability of cyclosporin-A. bit. J. Pharm. (2002) 249:101–108.
   Google Scholar
• CALVO P, REMUNAN-LOPEZ C, VILA-JATO JL, ALONSO MJ: Development of positively charged colloidal drug carriers: chitosan-coated polyester nanocapsules and submicron-emulsion. Colloid Polym. Sci. (1997) 275:46–53.
   Google Scholar
• PREGO C, GARCIA M, TORRES D, ALONSO MJ: Transmucosal macromolecular drug delivery. J. Control. Release (2005) 101:151–162.
   Google Scholar
• •Describes the efficacy of chitosan-coated nanostructures as oral carriers for calcitonin.
   Google Scholar
• PREGO C, FERNANDEZ-MEGIA E, NOVOA-CARBALLAL R et al: Chitosan and chitosan-PEG nanocapsules: new carriers for improving the oral absorption of calcitonin. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society Glasgow, UK (2003): 70.
   Google Scholar
• PREGO C, FABRE M, TORRES D, ALONSO MJ: Study of the interaction of chitosan nanocapsules with intestinal model cell lines. 30th Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release SocitV, Miami, FL, USA (2005)
   Google Scholar
• GARCIA-FUENTES M, TORRES D, ALONSO MJ: New surface-modified lipid nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for salmon calcitonin. bit. .1 Pharm. (2005) 296 (1–2):122–132.
   Google Scholar
• GARCIA-FUENTES M, TORRES D, ALONSO MJ: Design of lipid nanoparticles for the oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules. Colloid. Surf B: Biointerf (2002) 27:159–168.
   Google Scholar
• PREGO C, GARCIA-FUENTES M, ALONSO MJ, TORRES D: Chitosan-coated lipid nanoparticles enhance the oral absorption of calcitonin, Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society Glasgow, UK (2003) 308.
   Google Scholar
• GARCIA-FUENTES M, PREGO C, TORRES D, ALONSO MJ: A comparative study of the potential of solid triglyceride nanostructures coated with chitosan or poly (ethylene glycol) as carriers for oral calcitonin delivery. Eurj Pharm. Sci., (2005) 25:133–143.
   Google Scholar
• TAKEUCHI H, YAMAMOTO H, NIWA T, KAWASHIMA Y: Enteral absorption of insulin in rats from mucoadhesive chitosan-coated liposomes. Pharm. Res. (1996) 13:896–901.
   Google Scholar
• TAKEUCHI H, MATSUI Y, YAMAMOTO H, KAWASHIMA Y: Mucoadhesive properties of carbopol and chitosan-coated liposomes and their effectiveness in the oral administration of calcitonin to rats. J. Control. Release (2003) 86:235–242.
   Google Scholar
• WU Z- PING Q- WET Y, LAI J-M:Hypoglycemic efficacy of chitosan-coated insulin liposomes after oral administration in mice. Acta Pharm. Sinica (2004) 25:966–972.
   Google Scholar
• SINGH BN, MAJURU S: Oral delivery of therapeutic macromolecules: a perspective using the EligenTM technology. Drug Del. 7echnol. (2003) 3:58–62.
   Google Scholar
• MAJURU S: Advances in the oral delivery of heparin from solid dosage forms using Emisphere's Eligen® oral drug delivery technology. Drug Del. Technol (2004) 4:84–89.
   Google Scholar
• CLEMENT S, DANDONA P, STILL JG, KOSUTIC G: Oral modified insulin (HIM2) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: results from a Phase I/II clinical trial. Metabolism (2004) 53:54–58.
   Google Scholar
• MEHTA NM: Oral delivery and recombinant production of peptide hormones. Part I: making oral delivery possible. BioPharm. Int. (2004) 17:38–43.
   Google Scholar
• DAMGE C, HILLAIRE-BUYS D, PUECH R et al.: Effects of orally administered insulin nanocapsules in normal and diabetic dogs. Diabetes, Nutc Metab. (1995) 8:3–9.
   Google Scholar
• PEPPAS NA, WOOD KM, BLANCHETTE JO: Hydrogels for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins: Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2004) 4:881–887.
   Google Scholar