Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery Volume 2, 2005 - Issue 5
Submit an article Journal homepage
225
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Antibody–cytotoxic agent conjugates for cancer therapy

Jin Chen Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. [email protected]
,
Stanislav Jaracz Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. [email protected]
,
Xianrui Zhao Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. [email protected]
,
Shuyi Chen Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA. [email protected]
&
Iwao Ojima Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
Pages 873-890 | Published online: 16 Sep 2005

Bibliography

  • DUBOWCHIK GM, WALKER MA: Receptor-mediated and enzyme-dependent targeting of cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Ther. (1999) 83(2):67–123.
  • KOHLER G, MILSTEIN C: Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature (1975) 256(5517):495–497.
  • FUNARO A, HORENSTEIN AL, SANTORO P, CINTI C, GREGORINI A, MALAVASI F: Monoclonal antibodies and therapy of human cancers. Biotechnol Adv. (2000) 18(5):385–401.
  • CHART RVJ: Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics: tumor-activated prodrug therapy. Adv. Drug Deify. Rev (1998) 31(1-2):89–104.
  • •An excellent review summarising the early and current status of the mAb-based targeted delivery.
  • PAPACHRISTOU D, ZAKI AF, FORTNER JG: Chlorambucil-carrying ALG as an immunosuppressive agent in the rat. Transplant Proc. (1977) 9(1):1059–1062.
  • EHRLICH P: A general review of the recent work in immunity. In collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. (1956) 2:442–447.
  • MATHE G, BA L, BERNARD J: Effect on mouse leukemia 1210 of a combination by diazo-reaction of amthopterin and gamma-globulins from hamsters inoculated with such leukemia by heterografts. C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. (1958) 246(10):1626–1628.
  • HAMANN PR, HINMAN LM, HOLLANDER I et al Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a potent and selective anti-CD33 antibody-calicheamicin conjugate for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Bioconjug. Chem. (2002) 13(1):47–58.
  • LIU CN, TADAYONI BM,c BOURRET LA et al Eradication of large colon tumor xenografts by targeted deliveryof maytansinoids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Li. USA (1996) 93(16):8618–8623.
  • LAM L, LAM C, LI WH, CAO Y: Recent advances in drug-antibody immunoconjugates for the treatment of cancer. Drugs Future (2003) 28(9):905–910.
  • ONCOLOGY BA, SALEH MN, ALBERT F, TRAIL P: Monoclonal antibody-based immunoconjugate therapy of cancer: studies with BR96-doxorubicin. Basic Clin. OncoL (1998) 15:397–416.
  • CHAN SY, GORDON AN, COLEMAN RE et al A Phase II study of the cytotoxic immunoconjugate CMB-401 (hCTM01-calicheamicin) in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Inonunol. brununother. (2003) 52(4):243–248.
  • GILLESPIE AM, BROADHEAD TJ, CHAN SY et al Phase I open study of the effects of ascending doses of the cytotoxic immunoconjugate CMB-401 (hCTM01-calicheamicin) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann. Oncol (2000) 11(6):735–741.
  • KREITMAN RJ: Recombinant immunotoxins for the treatment of haematological malignancies. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2004) 4(7):1115–1128.
  • WILLIAMS DP, PARKER K, BACHA P et al Diphtheria-toxin receptor-binding domain substitution with interleukin-2 - genetic construction and properties of a diphtheria toxin-related interleukin-2 fusion protein. Protein Eng. (1987) 1(6):493–498.
  • DUBOWCHIK GM, RADIA S, MASTALERZ H et al Doxorubicin immunoconjugates containing bivalent, lysosomally-cleavable dipeptide linkages. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2002) 12(10:1529–1532.
  • KING HD, YURGAITIS D, WILLNER D et al Monoclonal antibody conjugates of doxorubicin prepared with branched linkers: a novel method for increasing the potency of doxorubicin immunoconjugates. Bioconjug. Chem. (1999) 10(2):279–288.
  • HAMBLETT KJ, SENTER PD, CHACE DF et al Effects of drug loading on the antitumor activity of a monoclonal antibody drug conjugate. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10(20):7063–7070.
  • CARTER P: Improving the efficacy of antibody-based cancer therapies. Nat. Rev Cancer (2001) 1(2):118–129.
  • •A detailed review article with emphasis on the antibody engineering for enhancement of the antitumour activity.
  • ROGUSKA MA, PEDERSEN JT, HENRY AH et al A comparison of two murine monoclonal antibodies humanized by CDR-grafting and variable domain resurfacing. Protein Eng. (1996) 9(10):895–904.
  • KOPPEL GA: Recent advances with monoclonal antibody drug targeting for the treatment of human cancer. Bioconjug. Chem. (1990) 1(1):13–23.
  • •A thorough review article about chemical synthesis and biological activity of mAb-drug conjugates.
  • LAGUZZA BC, NICHOLS CL, BRIGGS SL et al New antitumor monoclonal antibody-vinca conjugates LY203725 and related compounds: design, preparation, and representative in vivo activity. J. Med. Chem. (1989) 32(3):548–555.
  • TRAIL P, WILLNER D, HELLSTROM K: Site-directed delivery of anthracyclines for treatment of cancer. Drug Dev. Res. (2004) 34(2):196–209.
  • KLUSSMAN K, MIXAN BJ, CERVENY CG, MEYER DL, SENTER PD, WAHL AF: Secondary mAb-vcMMAE conjugates are highly sensitive reporters of antibody internalization via the lysosome pathway. Bioconjug. Chem. (2004) 15(4):765–773.
  • JAIN RK: Delivery of molecular and cellular medicine to solid tumors. Adv. Drug Deify. Rev (2001) 46(1-3):149–168.
  • SUN CZ, WIRSCHING P, JANDA KD: Enabling ScFvs as multi-drug carriers: a dendritic approach. Bioorg. Med. Chem. (2003) 11(8):1761–1768.
  • HANSSON Y, PAULIE S, BEN-AISSA H, RUDBERG U, KARLSSON A, PERLMANN P: Radioimmunolocalisation of bladder tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice. Anti-Cancer Res. (1988) 8(3):435–441.
  • OTSUJI E, YAMAGUCHI T, TSURUTA H et al Effects of neocarzinostatin-chimeric Fab conjugates on the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts. BE J. Cancer (1996) 73(10):1178–1182.
  • MOODY TW, CZERWINSKI G, TARASOVA NI, MICHEJDA CJ: VIP-ellipticine derivatives inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Life Sci. (2002) 71(9):1005–1014.
  • ENDO N, TAKEDA Y, KISHIDA K et al. Target-selective cytotoxicity of methotrxate conjugated with monoclonal anti-Mm46 antibody. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (1987) 25(1):1–6.
  • ISHIDA N, MIYAZAKI K, KUMAGAI K, RIKIMARU M: Neocarzinostatin an antitumor antibiotic of high molecular weight: isolation, physicochemical properties and biological activities. Aritibiot. (1965) 18(2):68–76.
  • MAEDA H, KUMAGAI K, ISHIDA N: Characterization of neocarzinostatin. Aritibiot. (1966) 19(6):253–259.
  • KIM KH, KWON BM, MYERS AG, REES DC: Crystal structure of neocarzinostatin, an antitumor protein-chromophore complex. Science (1993) 262(5136):1042–1046.
  • KAPPEN LS, GOLDBERG IH: Activation of neocarzinostatin chromophore and formation of nascent DNA damage do not require molecular-oxygen. Nucleic Acids Res. (1985) 13(5):1637–1648.
  • GOLDBERG IH: Mechanism of neocarzinostatin action - role of DNA microstructure in determination of chemistry of bistranded oxidative damage. Accounts Chem. Res. (1991) 24(7):191–198.
  • NICOLAOU KC, OGAWA Y, ZUCCARELLO G, KATAOKA H: DNA cleavage by a synthetic mimic of the calicheamicin esperamicin class of antibiotics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1988) 110(21):7247–7248.
  • LEE MD, DUNNE TS, CHANG CC et al Calichemicins, a novel family of antitumor antibiotics. 2. Chemistry and structure of calichemicin-gamma-1. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1987) 109(11):3466–3468.
  • LEE MD, DUNNE TS, SIEGEL MM, CHANG CC, MORTON GO, BORDERS DB: Calichemicins, a novel family of antitumor antibiotics. 1. Chemistry and partial structure of calichemicin-gamma-1. 1. Am. Chem. Soc. (1987) 109(11):3464–3466.
  • DIMARCO A, VALENTINE L, SCARPINA BM et al Daunomycin new antibiotic of rhodomycin group. Nature (1964) 201(492):706–707.
  • DIMARCO A, GAETANI M, SCARPINA.B: Adriamycin (Nsc-123127) - a new antibiotic with antitumor activity. Cancer Chemoth. Rep. I. (1969) 53(1):33–37.
  • DILLMAN RO, SHAWLER DL, JOHNSON DE, MEYER DL, KOZIOL JA, FRINCKE JM: Preclinical trials with combinations and conjugates of T101 monoclonal-antibody and doxorubicin. Cancer Res. (1986) 46(10):4886–4891.
  • ULBRICH K, ETRYCH T, CHYTIL P, JELINKOVA M, RIHOVA B: Antibody-targeted polymer-doxorubicin conjugates with pH-controlled activation. J. Drug Target (2004) 12(8):477–489.
  • JELINKOVA M, STROHALM J, ETRYCH T, ULBRICH K, RIHOVA B: Starlike versus classic macromolecular prodrugs: two different antibody-targeted HPMA copolymers of doxorubicin studied in vitro and in vivo as potential anticancer drugs. Pharmaceut. Res. (2003) 20(10):1558–1564.
  • VOELKEL-JOHNSON C: An antibody against DR4 (TRAIL-R1) in combination with doxorubicin selectively kills malignant but not normal prostate cells. Cancer Biol. Ther. (2003) 2(3):283–288.
  • FORD CH, OSBORNE PA, REGO BG, MATHEW A: Bispecific antibody targeting of doxorubicin to carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing colon cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. bit .j Cancer (2001) 92(6):851–855.
  • KOVAR M, KOVAR L, SUBR V et al HPMA copolymers containing doxorubicin bound by a proteolytically or hydrolytically cleavable bond: comparison of biological properties in vitro. J. Control. Release (2004) 99(2):301–314.
  • BORGSTROM P, GOLD DP, HILLAN KJ, FERRARA N: Importance of VEGF for breast cancer angiogenesis in vivo implications from intravital microscopy of combination treatments with an anti-VEGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody and doxorubicin. And-Cancer Res. (1999) 19(5B):4203–4214.
  • KUPCHAN SM, KOMODA Y, THOMAS GJ et al Tumor inhibitors. 73. Maytansine, a novel antileukemic ansa macrolide from Maytenus-ovatus. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1972) 94(4):1354–1356.
  • WOLPERT-DEFILIPPES MK, ADAMSON RH, CYSYK RL, JOHNS DG: Initial studies on cytotoxic action of maytansine, a novel ansa macrolide. Biochem. Pharmacol (1975) 24(6):751–754.
  • REMILLARD S, REBHUN LI, HOWIE GA, KUPCHAN SM: Antimitotic activity of potent tumor inhibitor maytansine. Science (1975) 189(4207):1002–1005.
  • HATA T, SANO Y, SUGAWARA R et alMitomycin, a new antibiotic from streptomyces. 1. J. Antibiot. (1956) 9(4):141–146.
  • WEBB JS, COSULICH DB, FULMOR W et al Structures of mitomycins A, B and C and porfiromycin. 1. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1962) 84(16):3185–3187.
  • KEYES SR, HEIMBROOK DC, FRACASSO PM, ROCKWELL S, SLIGAR SG, SARTORELLI AC: Chemotherapeutic attack of hypoxic tumor-cells by the bioreductive alkylating agent mitomycin-C. Adv. Enzyme Regul (1984) 23:291–307.
  • LI VS, CHOI D, TANG MS, KOHN H: Concerning in vitro mitomycin DNA alkylation. I Am. Chem. Soc. (1996) 118(15):3765–3766.
  • MANABE Y, TSUBOTA T, HARUTA Y et al Production of a monoclonal antibody-mitomycin-C conjugate, utilizing dextran T-40, and its biological-activity. Biochem. Pharmacol (1985) 34(2):289–291.
  • TANAKA J, SATO E, SAITO Y, KUSANO T, KOYAMA K: Preparation of a conjugate of mitomycin C and anti-neural cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody for specific chemotherapy against binary tract carcinoma. Surg. Today (1998) 28(10:1217–1220.
  • ZHANG XY, LI S, FAN DM: Preparation of antigastric cancer monoclonal antibody-mitomycin-C conjugate via a new type of conjugation method. Gastroenterology (1993) 104(4):A466–A466.
  • WANT MC, TAYLOR HL, WALL ME, COGGON P, MCPHAIL AT: Plant antitumor agents. 6. Isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from taxus-brevifolia. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1971) 93(9):2325–2327.
  • KUMAR N: Taxol-induced polymerization of purified tubulin. Mechanism of action. Biol. Chem. (1981) 256(20):10435–10441.
  • WILSON L, JORDAN MA: Microtubule dynamics - taking aim at a moving target. Chem. Biol. (1995) 2(9):569–573.
  • GUILLEMARD V, SARAGOVI HU: Taxane-antibody conjugates afford potent cytotoxicity, enhanced solubility, and tumor target selectivity. Cancer Res. (2001) 61(2):694–699.
  • SAFAVY A, BONNER JA, WAKSAL HW et al Synthesis and biological evaluation of paclitaxel-C225 conjugate as a model for targeted drug delivery. Bioconjug. Chem. (2003) 14(2):302–310.
  • OJIMA I, SLATER JC, MICHAUD E et al Syntheses and structure - activity relationships of the second-generation antitumor taxoids: exceptional activity against drug-resistant cancer cells. J. Med. Chem. (1996) 39(20):3889–3896.
  • OJIMA I, WANG T, MILLER ML et al Synthesis and structure - activity relationships of new second-generation taxoids. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (1999) 9(24):3423–3428.
  • OJIMA I, SLATER JC, KUDUK SD et al Syntheses and structure - activity relationships of taxoids derived from 14b-hydroxy-10-deacetylbaccatin III. J. Med. Chem. (1997) 40(3):267–278.
  • OJIMA I, KUDUK SD, PERA P, VEITH JM, BERNACKI RJ: Synthesis and structure - activity relationships of nonaromatic taxoids: effects of alkyl and alkenyl ester groups on cytotoxicity. J. Med. Chem. (1997) 40(3):279–285.
  • OJIMA I, LIN S: Efficient asymmetric syntheses of 0-lactams bearing a cyclopropane or an epoxide moiety and their application to the syntheses of novel isoserines and taxoids. J. Org. Chem. (1998) 63(2):224–225.
  • OJIMA I, GENG X, WU X et al Tumor-specific novel taxoid-monoclonal antibody conjugates. J. Med. Chem. (2002) 45(26):5620–5623.
  • OJIMA I, GENEY R, UNGUREANU IM, LI D: Medicinal chemistry and chemical biology of new generation taxane antitumor agents. IUBMB Life (2002) 53(4,5):269–274.
  • WU X, OJIMA I: Tumor specific novel taxoid-monoclonal antibody conjugates. Curr. Med. Chem. (2004) 11(4):429–438.
  • •This review is focused on the inFib conjugates of paclitaxel and taxoids.
  • PETTIT GR, KAMANO Y, HERALD CL, et al Antineoplastic agents. 136. The isolation and structure of a remarkable marine animal antineoplastic constituent - dolastatin 10. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1987) 109(22):6883–6885.
  • PETTIT GR, SINGH SB, HOGAN F et al Antineoplastic agents. 189. The absolute configuration and synthesis of natural 0-dolastatin 10. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1989) 111(14):5463–5465.
  • PETTIT GR: The dolastatins. Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. (1997) 70:1–79.
  • MADDEN T, TRAN HT, BECK D et al Novel marine-derived anticancer agents: a Phase I clinical, pharmacological, and pharmacodynamic study of dolastatin 10 (NSC 376128) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin. Cancer. Res. (2000) 6(4):1293–1301.
  • DORONINA SO, TOKI BE, TORGOV MY et al Development of potent monoclonal antibody auristatin conjugates for cancer therapy. Nat. Biotechnol (2003) 21(7):778–784.
  • GREENFIELD L, BJORN MJ, HORN G et al Nucleotide-sequence of the structural gene for diphtheria-toxin carried by corynebacteriophage-B. Natl. Acad. Li. Biol. (1983) 80(22):6853–6857.
  • COLLIER RJ: Diphtheria-toxin - mode of action and structure. Bacteria Rev (1975) 39(1):54–85.
  • KATO I: Mode of action of diphtheria toxin on protein synthesis. 1. Effect of diphtheria toxin on C14-amino acids incorporation into microsomes and mitochondria in-vitro. jpn. j Exp. Med. (1962) 32(4):335–343.
  • FRANKEL AE, FLEMING DR, POWELL BL, GARTENHAUS R: DAB(389)1L2 (ONTAK) fusion protein therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2003) 3(1):179–186.
  • RAMAGE JG, VALLERA DA, BLACK JH, APLAN PD, KEES UR, FRANKEL AE: The diphtheria toxin/urokinase fusion protein (DTAT) is selectively toxic to CD87 expressing leukemic cells. Leukemia Res. (2003) 27(1):79–84.
  • ROMER J, NIELSEN BS, PLOUG M: The urokinase receptor as a potential target in cancer therapy. Curr. Pharm. Design (2004) 10(19):2359–2376.
  • LEPPLA SH: Large scale purification and characterization of the exotoxin of Pseudomonas aerugMosa. Infect. Immun. (1976) 14(4):1077–1086.
  • WEDEKIND JE, TRAME CB, DORYWALSKA M et al Refined crystallographic structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and its implications for the molecular mechanism of toxicity. J. Ma. Biol. (2001) 314(4):823–837.
  • OGATA M, CHAUDHARY VK, PASTAN I, FITZGERALD DJ: Processing of Pseudomonas exotoxin by a cellular protease results in the generation of a 37,000-Da toxin fragment that is translocated to the cytosol../. Biol. Chem. (1990) 265(33):20678–20685.
  • LI Q, VERSCHRAEGEN CF, OZA J, HASSAN R: Cytotoxic activity of the recombinant anti-mesothelin immunotoxin, SS1(dsFv)PE38, towards tumor cell lines established from ascites of patients with peritoneal mesotheliomas. Anti-Cancer Res. (2004) 24(3A):1327–1335.
  • ONDA M, WANG QC, GUO HF, CHEUNG NKV, PASTAN I: LI vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities of recombinant immunotoxin 8H9(Fv)PE38 against breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and neuroblastoma. Cancer Res. (2004) 64(4):1419–1424.
  • BRUELL D, STOCKER M, HUHN M et al The recombinant anti-EGF receptor immunotoxin 425(scFv)-ETN suppresses growth of a highly metastatic pancreatic carcinoma cell line. Int. J. Oncol (2003) 23(4):1179–1186.
  • LORD JM, ROBERTS LM, ROBERTUS JD: Ricin - structure, mode of action and some current applications. Faseb J (1994) 8(2):201–208.
  • OLSNES S: The history of ricin, abrin and related toxins. Toxicon. (2004) 44(4):361–370.
  • HUANG X, BENNETT M, THORPE PE: Anti-tumor effects and lack of side effects in mice of an immunotoxin directed against human and mouse prostate-specific membrane antigen. Prostate (2004) 61(1):1–11.
  • CHEN JK, HUNG CH, LIAW YC, UN JY: Identification of amino acid residues of abrin-a A chain is essential for catalysis and reassociation with abrin-a B chain by site-directed mutagenesis. Protein Eng. (1997) 10(7):827–833.
  • OLSNES S, PIHL A: Isolation and properties of abrin - toxic protein inhibiting protein-synthesis evidence for different biological functions of its 2 constituent-peptide chains. Eur. Biochem. (1973) 35(1):179–185.
  • DICKERS KJ, BRADBERRY SM, RICE P, GRIFFITHS GD, VALE JA: Abrin poisoning. Toxicol Rev (2003) 22(3):137–142.
  • RICCI C, POLITO L, NANNI P et al HER/erbB receptors as therapeutic targets of immunotoxins in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. J. Immunother. (2002) 25(4):314–323.
  • FRANKEL AE: Increased sophistication of immunotoxins. Clin. Cancer. Res. (2002) 8(4):942–944.
  • BALUNA R, RIZO J, GORDON BE, GHETIE V, VITETTA ES: Evidence for a structural motif in toxins and interleukin-2 that may be responsible for binding to endothelial cells and initiating vascular leak syndrome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1999) 96(7):3957–3962.
  • VITETTA ES: Immunotoxins and vascular leak syndrome. Cancer (2000) 6\(Suppl. 3):S218–224.
  • SHEN WC, RYSER HJ: Cis-aconityl spacer between daunomycin and macromolecular carriers - a model of pH-sensitive linkage releasing drug from a lysosomotropic conjugate. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co. (1981) 102(3):1048–1054.
  • YANG HM, REISFELD RA: Pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action of a doxorubicin-monoclonal antibody 9.2.27 conjugate directed to a human-melanoma proteoglycan. J. Natl. Cancer I (1988) 80(14):1154–1159.
  • DILLMAN RO, JOHNSON DE, SHAWLER DL, KOZIOL JA: Superiority of an acid-labile daunorubicin monoclonal antibody immunoconjugate compared to free drug. Cancer Res. (1988) 48(21):6097–6102.
  • APELGREN LD, ZIMMERMAN DL, BRIGGS SL, BUMOL TF: Antitumor-activity of the monoclonal-antibody vinca alkaloid immunoconjugate 1y203725 (Ks1/ 4-4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxhydrazide) in a nude-mouse model of human ovarian-cancer. Cancer Res. (1990) 50(12):3540–3544.
  • KANEKO T, WILLNER D, MONKOVIC I et al New hydrazone derivatives of adriamycin and their immunoconjugates - a correlation between acid stability and cytotoxicity. Bioconjug. Chem. (1991) 2(3):133–141.
  • TRAIL P, WILLNER D, LASCH SJ et a/.: Cure of xenografted human carcinomas by Br96-doxorubicin immunoconjugates. Science (1993) 261(5118):212–215.
  • GREENFIELD RS, KANEKO T, DAUES A et al Evaluation in vitro of adriamycin immunoconjugates synthesized using an acid-sensitive hydrazone linker. Cancer Res. (1990) 50(20):6600–6607.
  • WILLNER D, TRAIL P, HOFSTEAD SJ et al (6-maleimidocaproyfihydrazone of doxorubicin - a new derivative for the preparation of immunoconjugates of doxorubicin. Bioconjug. Chem. (1993) 4(6):521–527.
  • WAHL AF, DONALDSON KL, MIXAN BJ, TRAIL P, SIEGALL CB: Selective tumor sensitization to taxanes with the MAB-drug conjugate CBR96-doxorubicin. Int. J. Cancer (2001) 93(4):590–600.
  • HAMANN PR, HINMAN LM, BEYER CF et al An anti-CD33 antibody-calicheamicin conjugate for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Choice of linker. Bioconjug. Chem. (2002) 13(1):40–46.
  • DYBA M, TARASOVA NI, MICHEJDA CJ: Small molecule toxins targeting tumor receptors. Curr. Pharrn. Design (2004) 10(19):2311–2334.
  • •A comprehensive review summarising small molecule toxins targeting tumour receptors. Various linkers and drug-releasing mechanisms are discussed.
  • REJMANOVA P, KOPECEK J, DUNCAN R, LLOYD JB: Stability in rat plasma and serum of lysosomally degradable oligopeptide sequences in N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers. Biomaterials (1985) 6(1):45–48.
  • DUBOWCHIK GM, FIRESTONE RA, PADILLA L et al Cathepsin B-labile dipeptide linkers for lysosomal release of doxorubicin from internalizing immunoconjugates: model studies of enzymatic drug release and antigen-specific in vitro anticancer activity. Bioconjug. Chem. (2002) 13(4):855–869.
  • SINHA AA, JAMUAR MP, WILSON MJ, ROZHIN J, SLOANE BF: Plasma membrane association of cathepsin B in human prostate cancer: biochemical and immunogold electron microscopic analysis. Prostate (2001) 49(3):172–184.
  • MEISTER A: Glutathione deficiency produced by inhibition of its synthesis, and its reversal; applications in research and therapy. Pharmacol. Ther. (1991) 51(2):155–194.
  • SAITO G, SWANSON JA, LEE K-D: Drug delivery strategy utilizing conjugation via reversible disulfide linkages: role and site of cellular reducing activities. Adv. Drug Deify. Rev. (2003) 55(2):199–215.
  • VITETTA ES, THORPE PE, UHR JW: Immunotoxins: magic bullets or misguided missiles? Immunol Today (1993) 14(6):252–259.
  • MEYER DL, SENTER PD: Recent advances in antibody drug conjugates for cancer therapy. Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. (2003) 38.229–237.
  • KIGAWA J, MINAGAWA Y, KANAMORI Y et al Glutathione concentration may be a useful predictor of response to second-line chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer (1998) 82(4):697–702.
  • TOLCHER AW, OCHOA L, HAMMOND LA et al Cantuzumab mertansine, a maytansinoid immunoconjugate directed to the CanAg antigen: a Phase I, pharmacokinetic and biologic correlative study. J. Clia Oncol (2003) 21(2):211–222.
  • TOUCHER A, FOROUZESH B, MCCREERY H et al A Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of BB10901, a maytansinoid immunoconjugate, in CD56 expressing tumors. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38:S152–S153.
  • RANSON M, SLIWKOWSKI MX: Perspectives on anti-HER monoclonal antibodies. Oncology (2002) 63:17–24.
  • CHART RVJ, JACKEL KA, BOURRET LA et al Enhancement of the selectivity and antitumor efficacy of a CC-1065 analog through immunoconjugate formation. Cancer Res. (1995) 55(18):4079–4084.
  • HAMANN PR, HINMAN LM, BEYER CF et al An anti-MUC1 antibody-calicheamicin conjugate for treatment of solid tumors. Choice of linker and overcoming drug resistance. Bioconjug. Chem. (2005) 16(2):346–353.
  • GILLESPIE AM, BROADHEAD TJ, CHAN SY et al Phase I open study of the effects of ascending doses of the cytotoxic immunoconjugate CMB-401 (hCTM01-calicheamicin) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann. °pro]. (2000) 11(6):735–741.
  • SAFAVY A, BONNER JA, WAKSAL HW et al Synthesis and biological evaluation of paclitaxel — C225 conjugate as a model for targeted drug delivery. Bioconjug. Chem. (2003) 14(2):302–310.
  • SAFAVY A, GEORG GI, VANDER VELDE D et al Site-specifically traced drug release and biodistribution of a paclitaxel — antibody conjugate toward improvement of the linker structure. Bioconjug. Chem. (2004) 15(6):1264–1274.
  • MAEDA H, SEYMOUR LW, MIYAMOTO Y: Conjugates of anticancer agents and polymers — advantages of macromolecular therapeutics in vivo. Bioconjug. Chem. (1992) 3(5):351–362.
  • RIHOVA B, STROHALM J, PRAUSOVA J et al Cytostatic and immunomobilizing activities of polymer-bound drugs: experimental and first clinical data. J. Control. Release (2003) 91(1-2):1–16.
  • ULBRICH K, SUBR V, STROHALM J, PLOCOVA D, JELINKOVA M, RIHOVA B: Polymeric drugs based on conjugates of synthetic and natural macromolecules I. Synthesis and physico-chemical characterisation. J. Control. Release (2000) 64(1-3):63–79.
  • KOVAR M, STROHALM J, ETRYCH T, ULBRICH K, RIHOVA B: Star structure of antibody-targeted HPMA copolymer-bound doxorubicin: a novel type of polymeric conjugate for targeted drug delivery with potent antitumor effect. Bioconjug. Chem. (2002) 13(2):206–215.

Websites

  • http://www.chugai-pharm.cojp/html/ meeting/pdf/030121e_1.pdf Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd therapeutic antibody presentation.
  • http://www.fda.gov/cder/foillabe 1/2004/ 1250851bl.pdf Clinical studies of AvastinTm.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.