Main approaches for delivering antioxidant vitamins through the skin to prevent skin ageing

Bibliography

• Callaghan TM, Wilhelm KP. A review of ageing and an examination of clinical methods in the assessment of ageing skin. Part I: cellular and molecular perspectives of skin ageing. Int J Cosmet Sci 2008;30(5):313-22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ratnam DV, Ankola DD, Bhardwaj V, Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: a pharmaceutical perspective. J Control Release 2006;113(3):189-207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoji Y, Nakashima H. Nutraceutics and delivery systems. J Drug Target 2004;12(6):385-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B, Whiteman M. Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean? Br J Pharmacol 2004;142(2):231-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svobodova A, Walterova D, Vostalova J. Ultraviolet light induced alteration to the skin. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2006;150(1):25-38
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halliday GM. Inflammation, gene mutation and photoimmunosuppression in response to UVR-induced oxidative damage contributes to photocarcinogenesis. Mutat Res 2005;571(1-2):107-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinnell SR. Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress, and topical antioxidant protection. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48(1):1-19; quiz 20-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou E, Godin B. Skin nonpenetrating sunscreens for cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Clin Dermatol 2008;26(4):375-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai S, Oresajo C, Hayward J. Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation-induced matrix degradation - a review. Int J Cosmet Sci 2005;27(1):17-34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manela-Azulay M, Bagatin E. Cosmeceuticals vitamins. Clin Dermatol 2009;27:469-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniou C, Kasmadaki MG, Stratigos AJ, Katsambas AD. Photoageing. Prevention and topical treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010;11(2):95-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang SQ, Balagula Y, Osterwaldert U. Photoprotection: a review of the current and future technologies. Dermatol Ther 2010;23:31-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus M, Bauman L. The use of cosmeceutical moisturizes. Dermatol Ther 2001;14:200-7
   Google Scholar
• Thiele JJ, Hsieh SN, Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage S. Vitamin E: critical review of its current use in cosmetic and clinical dermatology. Dermatol Surg 2005;31(7 Pt 2):805-13; discussion 813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugliese PT. The skin's antioxidant systems. Dermatol Nurs 1998;10(6):401-16; quiz 417-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thiele JJ, Traber MG, Packer L. Depletion of human stratum corneum vitamin E: an early and sensitive in vivo marker of UV induced photo-oxidation. J Invest Dermatol 1998;110(5):756-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele JJ, Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage S. Vitamin E in human skin: organ-specific physiology and considerations for its use in dermatology. Mol Aspects Med 2007;28(5-6):646-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roshchupkin DI, Pistsov MY, Potapenko AY. Inhibition of ultraviolet light-induced erythema by antioxidants. Arch Dermatol Res 1979;266:91-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Toress M, Thiele JJ, Shindo Y, Topical application of alpha-tocopherol modulates the antioxidant network and diminishes ultraviolet-induced oxidative damage in murine skin. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:207-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissset DL, Chatterjee R, Hannon DP. Photoprotective effect of topical anti-inflammatory agents against ultraviolet radiation-induced chronic skin damage in the hairless mouse. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1990;7:153-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurkiewicz BA, Bisett DL, Buettner GR. Effect of topically applied tocopherol on ultraviolet radiation-mediated free radical damage in skin. J Invest Dermatol 1995;104:484-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gensler HL, Magdaleno M. Topical vitamin E inhibition of immunosuppression and tumorigenesis induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Nutr Cancer 1991;15:97-106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke KE, Clive J, Combs GF Jr, Effects of topical and oral vitamin E on pigmentation and skin cancer induced by UV-irradiation Skh:2 hairless mice. Nutr Cancer 2000;38:87-97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McVean M, Liebler DC. Inhibition of UVB induced DNA photodamage in mouse epidermis by topically applied alpha-tocopherol. Carcinogenesis 1997;18:1617-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McVean M, Liebler DC. Prevention of DNA photodamage by vitamin E compounds in sunscreens: roles of ultraviolet absorbance and cellular uptake. Mol Carcinog 1999;24:169-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Prasad S, Kannappan R. Tocotrienols, the vitamin E of the 21st century: its potential against cancer and other chronic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2010;80:1613-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupo MP. Antioxidants and vitamins in cosmetics. Clin Dermatol 2001;19(4):467-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke KE. Interaction of vitamins C and E as better cosmeceuticals. Dermatol Ther 2007;20(5):314-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leveque N, Muret P, Mary S, Decrease in skin ascorbic acid concentration with age. Eur J Dermatol 2002;12:21-2
   Google Scholar
• Leveque N, Ronin S, Makki S, Iron and ascorbic acid concentrations in human dermis with regard to age and body sites. Gerontology 2003;49:117-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farris PK. Topical vitamin C: a useful agent for treating photoaging and other dermatologic conditions. Dermatol Surg 2005;31(7 Pt 2):814-17; discussion 818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokhsar CK, Lee S, Fitzpatrick RE. Review of photorejuvenation: devices, cosmeceuticals, or both? Dermatol Surg 2005;31(9 Pt 2):1166-78; discussion 1178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colven RM, Pinnell SR. Topical vitamin C in aging. Clin Dermatol 1996;14(2):227-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darr D, Dunston S, Faust H, Pinnell S. Effectiveness of antioxidants (Vitamin C and E) with and without sunscreens as topical photoprotectants. Acta Dermtol Venereol 1996;76:264-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darr D, Combs S, Dunston S, Topical vitamin C protects porcine skin from ultraviolet radiation-induced damage. Br J Dermatol 1992;127:247-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traikowich SS. Use of topical ascorbic acid and its effects on photodamaged skin topography. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;125:1091-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick RE, Rostam EF. Double-blind, half-face study comparing topical vitamin C and vehicle for rejuvenation of photodamage. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:231-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humbert PG, Haftek M, Creidi P, Topical ascorbic acid on photoaged skin. Clinical topographical and ultrastructural evaluation: double-blind study vs. placebo. Exp Dermatol 2003;12:237-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleszczewska E. L-ascorbic acid – clinical use, toxicity, properties, methods of determination and application in chemical analysis. Pharmazie 2000;55:640-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenvoorden DP, van Henegouwen GM. The use of endogenous antioxidants to improve photoprotection. J Photochem Photobiol B 1997;41(1-2):1-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlotti M, Gallarate M, Gasco MR, Synergistic action of vitamin C and amino acids on vitamin E in inhibition of lipoperoxidation of linoleic acid in disperse systems. Int J Pharm 1997;155:251-61
   Google Scholar
• Niki E, Noguchi N, Tsuchihashi H, Gotoh N. Interaction among vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:1322-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offord EA, Gautier JC, Avanti O, Photoprotective potential of lycopene, beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and carnosic acid in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;32(12):1293-303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chepda T, Cadou M, Lassabliere F, Synergy between ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol on fibroblasts in culture. Life Sci 2001;69:1587-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreher F, Gabard B, Schwindt DA, Maibach HI. Topical melatonin in combination with vitamins E and C protects skin from ultraviolet-induced erythema: a human study in vivo. Br J Dermatol 1998;139(2):332-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin JY, Selim MA, Shea CR, UV photoprotection by combination topical antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48(6):866-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs J, Kern H. Modulation of UV-light-induced skin inflammation by D-alpha-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid: a clinical study using solar simulated radiation. Free Radic Biol Med 1998;25(9):1006-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialy TL, Rothe MJ, Grant-Kels JM. Dietary factors in the prevention and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer and melanoma. Dermatol Surg 2002;28(12):1143-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva G, Campos P. Ascorbic acid and its derivatives in cosmetic preparations. Cosmet Toilet 2000;115:59-62
   Google Scholar
• Austria R, Semenzato A, Bettero A. Stability of vitamin C derivates in solution and topical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997;15:795-801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uner M, Wissing SA, Yener G, Muller RH. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for application of ascorbyl palmitate. Pharmazie 2005;60(8):577-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teeranachhaideekul V, Muller RH, Junyaprasert VB. Encapsulation of ascorbyl palmitate in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Effects of formulation parameters on physicochemical stability. Int J Pharm 2007;340:198-206
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahlin Grabnar P, Zajc N, Kristl J. Improvement of ascorbyl palmitate stability in lipid nanoparticle dispersions for dermal use. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2006;16(6):443-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teeranachhaideekul V, Junyaprasert VB, Souto EB, Muller RH. Development of ascorbyl palmitate nanocrystals applying the nanosuspension technology. Int J Pharm 2008;354:227-34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kristl J, Vovk B, Gasperlin M, Effect of colloidal carriers on ascorbyl palmitate stability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2003;19(4):181-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• spiclin P, Gasperlin M, Kmetec V. Stability of ascorbyl palmitate in topical microemulsions. Int J Pharm 2001;222(2):271-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosenca M, Obreza A, Pecar S, Gasperlin M. A new approach for increasing ascorbyl palmitate stability by addition of non-irritant co-antioxidant. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2010;11(3):1485-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurkovic P, sentjurc M, Gasperlin M, Skin protection against ultraviolet induced free radicals with ascorbyl palmitate in microemulsions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2003;56(1):59-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopinath D, Ravi D, Rao BR, Ascorbyl palmitate vesicles (Aspasomes): formation, characterization and applications. Int J Pharm 2004;271(1-2):95-113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurkovic P, Homar M, Zupancic - Valant A, Gasperlin M. Sodium ascorbyl phosphate in topical microemulsions. Int J Pharm 2003;256(1-2):65-73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jurkovic P, sentjurc M, Kristl J, Comparison of two ascorbic acid derivatives effectiveness for scavenging ultraviolet-induced free radicals in the skin. STP Pharm Sci 2004;14(3):229-33
   Google Scholar
• Foco A, Gasperlin M, Kristl J. Investigation of liposomes as carriers of sodium ascorbyl phosphate for cutaneous photoprotection. Int J Pharm 2005;291(1-2):21-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdulmajed K, Heard CM, McGuigan C, Pugh WJ. Topical delivery of retinyl ascorbate co-drug. 2. Comparative skin tissue and keratin binding studies. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2004;17:274-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibayama H, Hisama M, Matsuda S, Effect of a novel ascorbic derivative, disodium isostearyl 2-o-l-ascorbyl phosphate, on normal human dermal fibroblasts against reactive oxygen species. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008;72(4):1015-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro SS, Saliou C. Role of vitamins in skin care. Nutrition 2001;17:839-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takata J, Matsunaga K, Karube Y. Delivery systems for antioxidant nutrients. Toxicol 2002;180(2):183-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavon A, Raufast V, Redoules D. Skin absorption and metabolism of a new vitamin E prodrug, delta-tocopherol-glucoside: in vitro evaluation in human skin models J Control Release 2004;100:221-31
   Google Scholar
• Ostacolo C, Marra F, Laneri S, alpha-tocopherol pro-vitamins: synthesis, hydrolysis and accumulation in rabbit ear skin J Control Release 2004;99:403-13
   Google Scholar
• Kaur IP, Kapila M, Ageawal R. Role of novel delivery systems in developing topical antioxidants as therapeutics to combat photoageing. Ageing Res Rev 2007;6:271-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Date AA, Patravale VB. Microemulsions: applications in transdermal and dermal delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2007;24(6):547-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prow TW, Grice J, Lin LL, Nanoparticles and microparticles for skin drug delivery. Adv drug Deliv Rev 23 Feb 2011. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1016/j.addr.2001.01.012
   Google Scholar
• Lademann J, Richter H, Schanzer S, Penetration and storage of particles in human skin: perspectives and safety aspects. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011;77:465-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen MR. Delivery system handbook for personal care and cosmetic products: technology, applications, and formulations. William Andrew, Inc., New York; 2005
   Google Scholar
• Karasulu HY. Microemulsions as novel drug carriers: the formation, stability, applications and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008;5(1):119-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence MJ, Rees GD. Microemulsion-based media as novel drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2000;45(1):89-121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talegaonkar S, Azeem A, Ahmad FJ, Microemulsions: a novel approach to enhanced drug delivery. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 2008;2:238-57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Misici-Falzi M, Palmieri GF. Colloidal soft matter as drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci 2009;98(1):1-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreilgaard M. Influence of microemulsions on cutaneous drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2002;54(1):77-98
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kogan A, Garti N. Microemulsions as transdermal drug delivery vehicles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006;123-126:369-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappinen S, Urtti A. Microemulsions in topical drug delivery. In: Smith EW, Maibach HI, editors, Percutaneous penetration enhancers. Taylor & Francis, New York; 2006
   Google Scholar
• Rozman B, Gasperlin M. Stability of vitamins E and C in topical microemulsions for combined antioxidant therapy. Drug Deliv 2007;14:235-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozman B, Zvonar A, Falson F, Gasperlin M. Temperature-sensitive microemulsion gel: an effective topical delivery system for simultaneous delivery of vitamins C and E. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2009;10(1):54-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozman B, Gasperlin M, Tinois-Tessonneaud E, Simultaneous absorption of vitamins C and E from topical microemulsions using reconstructed human epidermis as a skin model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009;72(1):69-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozman B, Gosenca M, Gasperlin M, Dual influence of colloidal silica in skin deposition of vitamins C and E simultaneously incorporated in topical micoremulsions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010;36(7):852-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vemuri S, Rhodes CT. Preparation and characterization of liposomes as therapeutic delivery systems: a review. Pharm Acta Helvetiae 1995;70:95-111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uchegbu IF, Vyas SP. Non-ionic surfactant based vesicles (niosomes) in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 1998;172:33-70
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Maghraby GM, Barry BW, Williams AC. Liposomes and skin: from drug delivery to model membranes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008;34:203-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padamwar MN, Pokharkar VB. Development of vitamin loaded topical liposomal formulation using factorial design approach: drug deposition and stability. Int J Pharm 2006;320(1-2):37-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallarate M, Carlotti ME, Trotta M, Ugazio E. Disperse systems as topical formulations containing alpha-tocopherol. J Drug Del Sci Tech 2004;14:471-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie WL, Ji JM. Antioxidant activities of vitamins E and C in a novel liposome system. J Food Biochem 2008;32(6):766-81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cevc G. Transfersomes, liposomes and other lipid suspensions on the skin, permeation enhancement vesicle penetration and transdermal drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 1996;13:257-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallarate M, Chirio D, Trotta M, Carlotti ME. Deformable liposomes as topical formulations containing alpha-tocopherol. J Disp Sci Tech 2006;27:703-13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou E, Godin B. New approaches for UV-induced photodamage protection. J Appl Cosmetol 2006;24:139-47
   Google Scholar
• Muller RH, Mader K, Gohla S. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled delivery – a review of the state of the art. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000;50:161-77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristl J, Teskac K, Ahlin Grabnar P. Current view on nanosized solid lipid carriers for drug delivery to the skin. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2010;6(5):529-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jee PH, Lim SJ, Park JS, Kim CK. Stabilization of all-trans retinol by loading lipophilic antioxidants in solid lipid nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006;63(2):134-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingler A, Blum RP, Niehus H, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN/Lipopearls)–a pharmaceutical and cosmetic carrier for the application of vitamin E in dermal products. J Microencapsul 1999;16(6):751-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trombino S, Cassano R, Muzzalupo R, Stearyl ferulate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for the encapsulation and stabilization of beta-carotene and alpha- tocopherol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009;72(2):181-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garti N, Aserin A. Double emulsions stabilized by macromolecular surfactants. In: Shad DO, editor, Micelles, microemulsions, and monolayers: science and technology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York; 1998
   Google Scholar
• Gallarate M, Carlotti ME, Trotta M, Bovo S. On the stability of ascorbic acid in emulsified systems for topical and cosmetic use. Int J Pharm 1999;188:233-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhtar N, Ahmad M, Shoaib Khan HM. Formulation and characterization of a multiple emulsion containing 1% L-ascorbic acid. Bull Chem Soc Ethiop 2010;24(1):1-10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farahmand S, Tajerzadeh H, Farboud ES. Formulation and evaluation of a vitamin C multiple emulsion. Pharm Dev Technol 2006;11(2):255-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhtar N, Yazan Y. Formulation and in-vivo evaluation of a cosmetic multiple emulsion containing vitamin C and wheat protein. Pak J Pharm Sci 2008;21(1):45-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takada H, Kokubo K, Matsubayashi K, Oshima T. Antioxidant activity of supramolecular water-soluble fullerenes evaluated by beta-carotene bleaching assay. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006;70(12):3088-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito S, Itoga K, Yamato M, The co-application effects of fullerene and ascorbic acid on UV-B irradiated mouse skin. Toxicol 2010;267:27-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonnet M, Lethuaut L, Boury F. New trends in encapsulation of liposoluble vitamins. J Control Release 2010;146:276-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yenilmez E, Basaran E, Yazan Y. Release characteristics of vitamin E incorporated chitosan microsphere and in vitro-in vivo evaluation for topical application. Carbohydr Polym 2011;84(2):807-11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aepaiboon P, Rungsardthong U, Supaphol P. Vitamin-loaded electrospun cellulose acetate nanofiber mats as transdermal and dermal therapeutic agents of vitamin A acid and vitamin E. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007;67:387-97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Oxidative stress and antioxidant protection: some special cases. In: Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, editors, Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd edition. Clarendon Press, Oxford; 1999
   Google Scholar