Pharmacokinetics considerations for gout treatments

Bibliography

• Terkeltaub RA. Clinical practice. Gout. N Engl J Med 2003;349(17):1647-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roddy E, Doherty M. Epidemiology of gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2010;12(6):223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richette P, Bardin T. Gout. Lancet 2010;375(9711):318-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamp LK, Chapman PT. Gout and its comorbidities: implications for therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013;52(1):34-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richette P, Clerson P, Perissin L, et al. Revisiting comorbidities in gout: a cluster analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [ Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63(10):3136-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Ruiz F, Martinez-Indart L, Carmona L, et al. Tophaceous gout and high level of hyperuricaemia are both associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73(1):177-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan E, Pandya BJ, Lingala B, et al. Hyperuricemia and untreated gout are poor prognostic markers among those with a recent acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Res Ther 2012;14(1):R10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krishnan E, Svendsen K, Neaton JD, et al. Long-term cardiovascular mortality among middle-aged men with gout. Arch Intern Med 2008;168(10):1104-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalbeth N, Pool B, Gamble GD, et al. Cellular characterization of the gouty tophus: a quantitative analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62(5):1549-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65(10):1312-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan KM, Cameron JS, Snaith M, et al. British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46(8):1372-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger N, Schumacher R, Catton M, Maxwell L. Colchicine for acute gout. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006(4):CD006190
   Google Scholar
• Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012;64(10):1447-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkeltaub R, Zelman D, Scavulli J, et al. Gout Study Group: update on hyperuricemia and gout. Joint Bone Spine 2009;76(4):444-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012;64(10):1431-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Ruiz F, Liote F. Lowering serum uric acid levels: what is the optimal target for improving clinical outcomes in gout? Arthritis Rheum 2007;57(7):1324-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein Y, Aks SE, Hutson JR, et al. Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010;48(5):407-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richette P, Bardin T. Colchicine for the treatment of gout. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11(17):2933-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niel E, Scherrmann JM. Colchicine today. Joint Bone Spine 2006;73(6):672-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkeltaub RA. Colchicine update: 2008. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2009;38(6):411-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.Overview&DrugName=COLCRYS&CFID=47063851&CFTOKEN=49295d7486d1b523-3C0018B2-B1C5-776D-6E1447E3479C6B80
   Google Scholar
• Dahan A, Sabit H, Amidon GL. Multiple efflux pumps are involved in the transepithelial transport of colchicine: combined effect of p-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 leads to decreased intestinal absorption throughout the entire small intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 2009;37(10):2028-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkeltaub RA, Furst DE, Digiacinto JL, et al. Novel evidence-based colchicine dose-reduction algorithm to predict and prevent colchicine toxicity in the presence of cytochrome P450 3A4/P-glycoprotein inhibitors. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63(8):2226-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis MW, Wason S. Effect of steady-state atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of colchicine in healthy adults under fasted conditions. Clin Drug Investig 2014;34(4):259-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justiniano M, Dold S, Espinoza LR. Rapid onset of muscle weakness (rhabdomyolysis) associated with the combined use of simvastatin and colchicine. J Clin Rheumatol 2007;13(5):266-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu WC, Chen WH, Chang MT, Chiu HC. Colchicine-induced acute myopathy in a patient with concomitant use of simvastatin. Clin Neuropharmacol 2002;25(5):266-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alayli G, Cengiz K, Canturk F, et al. Acute myopathy in a patient with concomitant use of pravastatin and colchicine. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39(7-8):1358-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger N. Anti-interleukin-1 therapy in the management of gout. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014;16(2):398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger N. Canakinumab in gout. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012;12(9):1265-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran TH, Pham JT, Shafeeq H, et al. Role of interleukin-1 inhibitors in the management of gout. Pharmacotherapy 2013;33(7):744-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinon F, Petrilli V, Mayor A, et al. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature 2006;440(7081):237-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty A, Van LM, Skerjanec A, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of canakinumab in patients with gouty arthritis. J Clin Pharmacol 2013;53(12):1240-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty A, Tannenbaum S, Rordorf C, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of canakinumab, a human anti-interleukin-1beta monoclonal antibody. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013;51(6):e1-18
   Google Scholar
• Wang W, Wang EQ, Balthasar JP. Monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008;84(5):548-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabo C. Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev 2006;58(1):87-114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day RO, Graham GG, Hicks M, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of allopurinol and oxypurinol. Clin Pharmacokinet 2007;46(8):623-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stocker SL, McLachlan AJ, Savic RM, et al. The pharmacokinetics of oxypurinol in people with gout. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012;74(3):477-89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham S, Day RO, Wong H, et al. Pharmacodynamics of oxypurinol after administration of allopurinol to healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;41(4):299-304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hande KR, Noone RM, Stone WJ. Severe allopurinol toxicity. Description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency. Am J Med 1984;76(1):47-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham GG, Kannangara DR, Stocker SL, et al. Understanding the dose-response relationship of allopurinol: predicting the optimal dosage. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;76(6):932-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Alperovitch A, Aubrun E, et al. Impact of allopurinol on risk of myocardial infarction. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [ Epub ahead of print]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamp LK, Barclay ML, O'Donnell JL, et al. Furosemide increases plasma oxypurinol without lowering serum urate – a complex drug interaction: implications for clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012;51(9):1670-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright DF, Stamp LK, Merriman TR, et al. The population pharmacokinetics of allopurinol and oxypurinol in patients with gout. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69(7):1411-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stocker SL, Graham GG, McLachlan AJ, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between allopurinol and probenecid in patients with gout. J Rheumatol 2011;38(5):904-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stocker SL, Williams KM, McLachlan AJ, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between allopurinol and probenecid in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008;47(2):111-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramasamy SN, Korb-Wells CS, Kannangara DR, et al. Allopurinol hypersensitivity: a systematic review of all published cases, 1950-2012. Drug Saf 2013;36(10):953-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun J, Mattsson J, Schnyder K, et al. Allopurinol hypersensitivity is primarily mediated by dose-dependent oxypurinol-specific T cell response. Clin Exp Allergy 2013;43(11):1246-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmerson BT, Hazelton RA, Frazer IH. Some adverse reactions to allopurinol may be mediated by lymphocyte reactivity to oxypurinol. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31(3):436-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamp LK, Taylor WJ, Jones PB, et al. Starting dose is a risk factor for allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: a proposed safe starting dose of allopurinol. Arthritis Rheum 2012;64(8):2529-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao J, Terkeltaub R. A critical reappraisal of allopurinol dosing, safety, and efficacy for hyperuricemia in gout. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2009;11(2):135-40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hung SI, Chung WH, Liou LB, et al. HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102(11):4134-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardin T, Richette P. New ACR guidelines for gout management hold some surprises. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013;9(1):9-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivera F, Andres M, Carmona L, et al. Multinational evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout: integrating systematic literature review and expert opinion of a broad panel of rheumatologists in the 3e initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73(2):328-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamp LK, O'Donnell JL, Zhang M, et al. Using allopurinol above the dose based on creatinine clearance is effective and safe in patients with chronic gout, including those with renal impairment. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63(2):412-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazquez-Mellado J, Morales EM, Pacheco-Tena C, Burgos-Vargas R. Relation between adverse events associated with allopurinol and renal function in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60(10):981-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardin T. Current management of gout in patients unresponsive or allergic to allopurinol. Joint Bone Spine 2004;71(6):481-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs F, Mamzer-Bruneel MF, Skhiri H, et al. Safety of the mycophenolate mofetil-allopurinol combination in kidney transplant recipients with gout. Transplantation 1997;64(7):1087-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takano Y, Hase-Aoki K, Horiuchi H, et al. Selectivity of febuxostat, a novel non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase. Life Sci 2005;76(16):1835-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto K, Eger BT, Nishino T, et al. An extremely potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase. Crystal structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex and mechanism of inhibition. J Biol Chem 2003;278(3):1848-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love BL, Barrons R, Veverka A, Snider KM. Urate-lowering therapy for gout: focus on febuxostat. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30(6):594-608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravan R, Grabowski BA, Wu JT, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of febuxostat, a non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in a dose escalation study in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacokinet 2006;45(8):821-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer MD, Khosravan R, Vernillet L, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of febuxostat, a new non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase in subjects with renal impairment. Am J Ther 2005;12(1):22-34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker MA, Kisicki J, Khosravan R, et al. Febuxostat (TMX-67), a novel, non-purine, selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is safe and decreases serum urate in healthy volunteers. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2004;23(8-9):1111-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoshide S, Takahashi Y, Ishikawa T, et al. PK/PD and safety of a single dose of TMX-67 (febuxostat) in subjects with mild and moderate renal impairment. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2004;23(8-9):1117-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravan R, Kukulka MJ, Wu JT, et al. The effect of age and gender on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. J Clin Pharmacol 2008;48(9):1014-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravan R, Grabowski BA, Mayer MD, et al. The effect of mild and moderate hepatic impairment on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46(1):88-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabowski B, Khosravan R, Wu JT, et al. Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of febuxostat, a non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70(1):57-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravan R, Grabowski B, Wu JT, et al. Effect of food or antacid on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of febuxostat in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65(3):355-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischmann R, Kerr B, Yeh LT, et al. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and tolerability evaluation of concomitant administration of lesinurad and febuxostat in gout patients with hyperuricaemia. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014. [ Epub ahead of print]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravan R, Wu JT, Joseph-Ridge N, Vernillet L. Pharmacokinetic interactions of concomitant administration of febuxostat and NSAIDs. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46(8):855-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen TL, Richette P, Perez-Ruiz F, et al. International position paper on febuxostat. Clin Rheumatol 2010;29:835-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ea H, Richette P. Critical appraisal of the role of pegloticase in the management of gout. Open Access Rheumatol: Research and Reviews 2012;4:63-70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang C, Fan K, Luo H, et al. Characterization, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of 5kDa mPEG modified tetrameric canine uricase variant. Int J Pharm 2012;430(1-2):307-17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garay RP, El-Gewely MR, Labaune JP, Richette P. Therapeutic perspectives on uricases for gout. Joint Bone Spine 2012;79(3):237-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garay RP, El-Gewely R, Armstrong JK, et al. Antibodies against polyethylene glycol in healthy subjects and in patients treated with PEG-conjugated agents. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012;9(11):1319-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundy JS, Ganson NJ, Kelly SJ, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous PEGylated recombinant mammalian urate oxidase in patients with refractory gout. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56(3):1021-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue CS, Huang W, Alton M, et al. Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of pegloticase in subjects with hyperuricemia and treatment-failure gout. J Clin Pharmacol 2008;48(6):708-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundy JS, Becker MA, Baraf HS, et al. Reduction of plasma urate levels following treatment with multiple doses of pegloticase (polyethylene glycol-conjugated uricase) in patients with treatment-failure gout: results of a phase II randomized study. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58(9):2882-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundy JS, Baraf HS, Yood RA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic gout in patients refractory to conventional treatment: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2011;306(7):711-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman MR, Williams LD, Sobczyk MA, et al. Role of the methoxy group in immune responses to mPEG-protein conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2012;23(3):485-99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keenan RT, O'Brien WR, Lee KH, et al. Prevalence of contraindications and prescription of pharmacologic therapies for gout. Am J Med 2011;124(2):155-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkeltaub R, Furst DE, Bennet K, et al. Low dose (1.8 mg) vs high dose (4.8 mg) oral colchicine regimens in patients with acute gout flare in a large, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58(9 Suppl):S879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung IF, Wu AK, Cheng VC, et al. Fatal interaction between clarithromycin and colchicine in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41(3):291-300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssens HJ, Janssen M, van de Lisdonk EH, et al. Use of oral prednisolone or naproxen for the treatment of gout arthritis: a double-blind, randomised equivalence trial. Lancet 2008;371(9627):1854-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty M, Jansen TL, Nuki G, et al. Gout: why is this curable disease so seldom cured? Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71(11):1765-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalbeth N, Kumar S, Stamp L, Gow P. Dose adjustment of allopurinol according to creatinine clearance does not provide adequate control of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. J Rheumatol 2006;33(8):1646-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horiuchi H, Ota M, Kobayashi M, et al. A comparative study on the hypouricemic activity and potency in renal xanthine calculus formation of two xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors: TEI-6720 and allopurinol in rats. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1999;104(3):307-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker MA, Schumacher HR Jr, Wortmann RL, et al. Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N Engl J Med 2005;353(23):2450-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher HR Jr, Becker MA, Wortmann RL, et al. Effects of febuxostat versus allopurinol and placebo in reducing serum urate in subjects with hyperuricemia and gout: a 28-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59(11):1540-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar