Modulation of the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic and adverse effects of NSAIDs by Chinese herbal medicines

Bibliography

• Chen FP, Chen TJ, Kung YY, et al. Use frequency of traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan. BMC Health Serv Res 2007;7:26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy CM. Chinese medicine users in the United States. Part I: utilization, satisfaction, medical plurality. J Altern Complement Med 1998;4:17-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst E, White A. The BBC survey of complementary medicine use in the UK. Complement Ther Med 2000;8:32-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLennan AH, Wilson DH, Taylor AW. The escalating cost and prevalence of alternative medicine. Prev Med 2002;35:166-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molassiotis A, Fernadez-Ortega P, Pud D, et al. Use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patients: a European survey. Ann Oncol 2005;16:655-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua B, O’Brien K. [Osteoarthritis and Chinese medicine: an overview of theories and evidence]. J Chin Med 2010;94:1-8
   Google Scholar
• Abebe W. Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther 2002;27:391-401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh G. Gastrointestinal complications of prescription and over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a view from the ARAMIS database. Arthritis, Rheumatism, and Aging Medical Information System. Am J Ther 2000;7:115-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Einarson TR. Drug-related hospital admissions. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27:832-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conaghan PG. A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity. Rheumatol Int 2012;32:1491-502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker ML, Kallewaard M, Caspers PW, et al. Hospitalisations and emergency department visits due to drug–drug interactions: a literature review. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16:641-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrignani P, Tacconelli S, Bruno A, et al. Managing the adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2011;4:605-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacPherson H, Liu B. The safety of Chinese herbal medicine: a pilot study for a national survey. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:617-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi K, Uejima E, Morisaki T, et al. In vitro inhibitory effects of Kampo medicines on metabolic reactions catalyzed by human liver microsomes. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003;28:319-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posadzki P, Watson L, Ernst E. Contamination and adulteration of herbal medicinal products (HMPs): an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69:295-307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertner E, Marshall PS, Filandrinos D, et al. Complications resulting from the use of chinese herbal medications containing undeclared prescription drugs. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:614-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HM, Liu JN, Zhao Y. Progress on integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Chin J Integr Med 2010;16:378-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden W, Joseph J. Interactions between herbal remedies and antirheumatic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005;4:969-74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Food and Drug Adminsitration. Avoiding Drug interactions. Consumer health information. 2008. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/forconsumers/consumerupdates/ucm096391.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fong SY, Wong YC, Zuo Z. Alterations in the CNS effects of anti-epileptic drugs by Chinese herbal medicines. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014;10:249-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong SY, Gao Q, Zuo Z. Interaction of carbamazepine with herbs, dietary supplements, and food: a systematic review. Evid-Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:15
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-Salam OM, Baiuomy AR, El-batran S, et al. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and gastric effects of Ginkgo biloba in the rat. Pharmacol Res 2004;49:133-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashkavand Z, Malekinejad H, Amniattalab A, et al. Silymarin potentiates the anti-inflammatory effects of Celecoxib on chemically induced osteoarthritis in rats. Phytomedicine 2012;19:1200-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suganuma M, Kurusu M, Suzuki K, et al. Green tea polyphenol stimulates cancer preventive effects of celecoxib in human lung cancer cells by upregulation of GADD153 gene. Int J Cancer 2006;119:33-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thun MJ, Henley SJ, Patrono C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as anticancer agents: mechanistic, pharmacologic, and clinical issues. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:252-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandal S, Dhir A, Kuhad A, et al. Curcumin potentiates the anti-inflammatory activity of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in the cotton pellet granuloma pouch model. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2009;31:89-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das S, Das MK, Basu SP. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of Calotropis gigantea and Tridax procumbens on Wistar albino rats. J Pharm Sci Res 2009;1:123-6
   Google Scholar
• Kshirsagar A, Patil PA, Ashok P, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effects of Calotropis gigantea R.Br flowers in rodent. J Nat Remedies 2008;8:183-90
   Google Scholar
• Mustapha A, Yakasai IA, Abdu Aguye I. Effect of Tamarindus indica L. on the bioavailability of aspirin in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Drug Mettab Pharmacokinet 1996;21:223-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raja NR, Jegan N, Wesley J. Antiulcerogenic activity of alcoholic extract of the leaves of Tamarindus indica (L) on experimental ulcer models. Pharmacologyonline 2008;3:85-92
   Google Scholar
• Ho BE, Shen DD, McCune JS, et al. Effects of garlic on cytochromes P450 2C9- and 3A4-mediated drug metabolism in human hepatocytes. Sci Pharm 2010;78:473-81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yao HT, Chang YW, Uramaru N, et al. Effects of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and plasma tolbutamide concentration in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;142:121-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura Y, Ito H, Hatano T. Effects of mace and nutmeg on human cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2C9 activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2010;33:1977-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SK, Kim Y, Jin C, et al. Inhibitory effects of deoxypodophyllotoxin from anthriscus sylvestris on human CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Planta Med 2010;76:701-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji HY, Kim SY, Kim DK, et al. Effects of eupatilin and jaceosidin on cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in human liver microsomes. Molecules 2010;15:6466-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong HU, Kong TY, Kwon SS, et al. Effect of honokiol on cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme activities in human liver microsomes. Molecules 2013;18:10681-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JY, Lee SY, Kim DH, et al. Effects of flavonoids isolated from Scutellariae radix on cytochrome P-450 activities in human liver microsomes. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2002;65:373-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitinen L, Takala E, Vuorela H, et al. Anthranoid laxatives influence the absorption of poorly permeable drugs in human intestinal cell culture model (Caco-2). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007;66:135-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo XQ, Gu YH, Wu ZY. [Comparison of the effect of eight kinds of volatile oil of Chinese material medica on percutaneous absorption of ibuprofen in vitro]. Zhong Yao Cai 2007;30:571-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Songkro S, Wungsintaweekul J, Chartwaingam S. Investigation of enhancing activity and skin irritation of Zingiber officinale, Zingiber cassumunar and Curcuma zedoaria. J Drug Deliv Sci Tech 2008;18:169-79
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwaki M, Yoshikawa M, Funatsu K, et al. Enhancement Effect of Evodiae Fructus on Percutaneous Absorption of Indomethacin through Hairless Rat Skin. Nat Med 2003;57:227-32
   Google Scholar
• Andersen FA. Final report on the safety assessment of glycyrrhetinic acid, potassium glycyrrhetinate, disodium succinoyl glycyrrhetinate, glyceryl glycyrrhetinate, glycyrrhetinyl stearate, stearyl glycyrrhetinate, glycyrrhizic acid, ammonium glycyrrhizate, dipotassium glycyrrhizate, disodium glycyrrhizate, trisodium glycyrrhizate, methyl glycyrrhizate, and potassium glycyrrhizinate. Int J Toxicol 2007;26:79-112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang LC, Gao LH, Hu JH, et al. [Enhancing effect of essential oils from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, on the permeation of flurbipfofen through isolated rat skin]. Yaoxue Fuwu Yu Yanjiu 2006;6:413-16
   Google Scholar
• Fang JY, Leu YL, Hwang TL, et al. Essential oils from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) as novel enhancers to accelerate transdermal drug delivery. Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27:1819-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charoo NA, Shamsher AA, Kohli K, et al. Improvement in bioavailability of transdermally applied flurbiprofen using tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and turpentine oil. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008;65:300-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Wang S, Zhang Z, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of Danshen-Gegen extract with warfarin and aspirin. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;143:648-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su SL, Cui WX, Duan JA, et al. [Effect of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction on in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolites of Ibuprofen in rats]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs 2013;44:315-22
   Google Scholar
• Dehpour AR, Zolfaghari ME, Samadian T, et al. Antiulcer activities of liquorice and its derivatives in experimental gastric lesion induced by ibuprofen in rats. Int J Pharm 1995;119:133-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zolfaghari ME, Dehpour AR, Amanlou M, et al. The protective effect of liquorice and its derivatives against gastric ulcer induced by piroxicam and mefenamic acid in rats. Pharm Pharmacol Commun 1996;2:179-83
   Google Scholar
• Zhang LC, Hu JH, Li L, et al. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of essential oils from Ligusticum chuanxiong HORT on the transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen in rabbits. Biol Pharm Bull 2006;29:1217-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia CH, Sun JG, Wang GJ, et al. Herb-drug interactions: in vivo and in vitro effect of Shenmai injection, a herbal preparation, on the metabolic activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A1/2, 2C6, 1A2, and 2E1 in rats. Planta Med 2010;76:245-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz L, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Navarrete A. Ingestion of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) reduces salicylate bioavailability after oral asprin administration in the rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1999;77:441-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovrtelova G, Sabova M, Jurica J, et al. Crocin increases metabolic activity of CYP2C6. Drug Metab Rev 2014;45:85
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garba M, Yakasai IA, Bakare MT, et al. Effect of Tamarindus indica. L on the bioavailability of ibuprofen in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2003;28:179-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakeye TO, Adegoke AO, Omoyeni OC, et al. Effects of water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Linn (Malvaceae) ’Roselle’ on excretion of a diclofenac formulation. Phytother Res 2007;21:96-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohutsky MA, Anderson GD, Miller JW, et al. Ginkgo biloba: evaluation of CYP2C9 drug interactions in vitro and in vivo. Am J Ther 2006;13:24-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Luo Y, et al. Ginkgo biloba Does Not Alter Clearance of Flurbiprofen, a Cytochrome P450-2C9 Substrate. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:214-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell EC, Ravis WR, Lloyd KB, et al. Effects of St. John’s wort supplementation on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41:229-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volak LP, Hanley MJ, Masse G, et al. Effect of a herbal extract containing curcumin and piperine on midazolam, flurbiprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;75:450-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrubasik S, Enderlein W, Bauer R, et al. Evidence for antirheumatic effectiveness of stewed Herbal urtica dioicae in acute arthritis: a pilot study. Phytomedicine 1997;4:105-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao XY, Wang YF, Xu R. [Stage-based treatment of integrative medicine on the quality of life in patients with gout]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2012;32:620-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinsornsak P, Niempoog S. The efficacy of Curcuma Longa L. extract as an adjuvant therapy in primary knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2012;95(Suppl 1):S51-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Velam V, Yalavarthi PR, Sundaresan CR, et al. In vitro and in vivo assessment of piroxicam incorporated Aloe vera transgel. Int J Pharm Investig 2013;3:212-16
   Google Scholar
• Aragao GF, Cunha Pinheiro MC, Nogueira Bandeira P, et al. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the isomeric mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin from protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. J Herb Pharmacother 2007;7:31-47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matsuda H, Tanaka T, Kubo M. [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. III. Combined effect of arbutin and indomethacin on immuno-inflammation]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1991;111:253-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz MI, Gonzalez-Garcia MP, Ponce-Monter HA, et al. Synergistic effect of the interaction between naproxen and citral on inflammation in rats. Phytomedicine 2010;18:74-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar V, Singh PN, Bhattacharya SK. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Indian hypericum perforatum L. Indian J Exp Biol 2001;39:339-43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tiong C, Liang WL, Liu HY, et al. Gastroprotective effects of Ping-Wei San on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. J Food Drug Anal 2011;19:509-16
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandon VR, Gupta RK. Vitex negundo Linn (VN) leaf extract as an adjuvant therapy to standard anti-inflammatory drugs. Indian J Med Res 2006;124:447-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra SK, Chakraborti A, Bhattacharya SK. Neuropharmacological studies on Panax ginseng. Indian J Exp Biol 1996;34:41-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sah SP, Mathela CS, Chopra K. Elucidation of possible mechanism of analgesic action of Valeriana Wallichii DC chemotype (patchouli alcohol) in experimental animal models. Indian J Exp Biol 2010;48:289-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thirumal M, Srimanthula S, Kishore G, et al. Analgesic, antipyretic effects of aqueous extract from, Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. leaves in animal models. Der Pharmacia Lettre 2013;5:315-23
   Google Scholar
• Mittal N, Joshi R, Hota D, et al. Evaluation of antihyperalgesic effect of curcumin on formalin-induced orofacial pain in rat. Phytother Res 2009;23:507-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hota D, Mittal N, Joshi R, et al. Evaluation of antihyperalgesic effect of curcumin on formalin induced orofacial pain in rat. Pain Pract 2009;9:48-9
   Google Scholar
• Deciga-Campos M, Cortes A, Pellicer F, et al. Isobolographic analysis of the antinociceptive interaction between ursolic acid and diclofenac or tramadol in mice. Planta Med 2014;80:139-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Martinez AL, Gonzalez-Trujano ME, Lopez-Munoz FJ. [Analysis of the antinociceptive interaction between hesperidin and ketorolac by scanning surface of synergistic interaction]. Rev Mex Anestesiol 2013;36:249-56
   Google Scholar
• Martinez AL, Gonzalez-Trujano ME, Chavez M, et al. Hesperidin produces antinociceptive response and synergistic interaction with ketorolac in an arthritic gout-type pain in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011;97:683-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abt AB, Oh JY, Huntington RA, et al. Chinese herbal medicine induced acute renal failure. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:211-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang A, Xue B, Wang J, et al. [A study on hemostatic and immunological actions of fresh and dry Dihuang]. Zhongguo zhong Yao Za Zhi 1999;24:663-6, 702
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen DK, Zhang HQ, Zhang JH. [Intervening effect of naoxintong on anti-platelet treatment with aspirin]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2008;28:843-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yin CH, Bi DP, Du M. [Effect of tongxinluo capsule on platelet aggregation function in patients with aspirin resistance.]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2010;30:380-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun S, Hao H, Gong P, et al. Protocatechualdehyde synergizes with aspirin at the platelet cyclooxygenase-1 level. Planta Med 2011;77:1898-904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu S, Wang T, Zhang J, et al. Effects of the coadministration of Huatuo Zaizao pills and aspirin on hemorrheology and blood coagulation in rabbits. Biomed Rep 2013;1:459-63
   Google Scholar
• Shaw LH, Tsai TH. Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of protein unbound aspirin and salicylic acid in rat blood and brain by microdialysis: an application to herbal-drug interaction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012;895-896:31-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan R, Lambert C, Lianting J, et al. Danqi Piantan Jiaonang does not modify hemostasis, hematology, and biochemistry in normal subjects and stroke patients. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;25:450-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai L, Levy RM, Yimam M, et al. Flavocoxid, an anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin, does not affect coagulation or interact with anticoagulation therapies. Adv Ther 2010;27:400-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun FL, Hui MY, Zhang C, et al. Effects of Quyu xiaoban capsules on clinical outcomes and platelet activation and aggregation in patients with unstable angina pectoris. J Altern Complement Med 2007;13:571-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang SJ, Xue ZY. Effect of Western medicine therapy assisted by Ginkgo biloba tablet on vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2012;5:661-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He L, Chen X, Zhou M, et al. Radix/Rhizoma Notoginseng extract (Sanchitongtshu) for ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled study. Phytomedicine 2011;18:437-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang D, Lu N, Liu X, et al. [Changes of plasma fibrinogen level among acute ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria and effects of Songling Xuemaikang]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2010;35:1339-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu B, Wen JK, Li BH, et al. Celecoxib and acetylbritannilactone interact synergistically to suppress breast cancer cell growth via COX-2-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2011;2:e185
   Google Scholar
• Yang CS, Wang H, Hu B. Combination of chemopreventive agents in nanoparticles for cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res(Phila) 2013;6:1011-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiki H, Suganuma M, Kurusu M, et al. New TNF-alpha releasing inhibitors as cancer preventive agents from traditional herbal medicine and combination cancer prevention study with EGCG and sulindac or tamoxifen. Mutat Res 2003;523-524:119-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suganuma M, Okabe S, Kai Y, et al. Synergistic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate with (-)- epicatechin, sulindac, or tamoxifen on cancer-preventive activity in the human lung cancer cell line PC-9. Cancer Res 1999;59:44-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suganuma M, Ohkura Y, Okabe S, et al. Combination cancer chemoprevention with green tea extract and sulindac shown in intestinal tumor formation in Min mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2001;127:69-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirin H, Pinto JT, Kawabata Y, et al. Antiproliferative effects of S-allylmercaptocysteine on colon cancer cells when tested alone or in combination with sulindac sulfide. Cancer Res 2001;61:725-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law PC, Auyeung KK, Chan LY, et al. Astragalus saponins downregulate vascular endothelial growth factor under cobalt chloride-stimulated hypoxia in colon cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012;12:160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laine L. Proton pump inhibitor co-therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs--nice or necessary? Rev Gastroenterol Disord 2004;4(Suppl 4):S33-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawkey CJ. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and peptic ulcers. BMJ 1990;300:278-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faucheron JL, Parc R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced colitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 1996;11:99-101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee EB, Hyun JE, Li DW, et al. Gastroprotective activity of the unripe fruit extract of Juglans mandshurica in rats. Nat Prod Sci 2001;7:87-9
   Google Scholar
• Matsuda H, Pongpiriyadacha Y, Morikawa T, et al. Gastroprotective effects of phenylpropanoids from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga in rats: structural requirements and mode of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;471:59-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhuley JN. Investigation on the gastroprotective and antidiarrhoeal properties of Aegle marmelos unripe fruit extract. Hindustan Antibiot Bull 2003;45-46:41-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao CHV, Amresh SK, Mehrotra S, et al. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and antiulcerogenic activity of the unripe fruits of Aegle marmelos. Acta Pharma Turcica 2003;45:85-91
   Google Scholar
• Ramana G, Challa SR, Rao CV. Comparative and combined studies on anti-ulcer effect of two plant extracts in experimental models of gastric ulcer in SD rats. Int J Green Pharm 2012;6:143-50
   Google Scholar
• Rao CHV, Amresh RK, Irfan A, et al. Protective effect of Aegle marmelos fruit in gastrointestinal dysfunction in rats. J Pharm Biol 2003;41:558-63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tankam JM, Sawada Y, Ito M. Regular ingestion of cinnamomi cortex pulveratus offers gastroprotective activity in mice. J Nat Med 2013;67:289-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandopulle BM, Ratnasooriya WD, Karunanayake EH. Evaluation of two cucurbits (Genus: momordica) for gastroprotective and ulcer healing activity in rats. Med Sci Res 1996;24:85-8
   Google Scholar
• Alam S, Asad M, Asdaq SM, et al. Antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Momordica charantia L. in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;123:464-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozbakis Dengiz G, Gursan N. Effects of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) on indomethacin-induced ulcer model in rats. Turk J Gastroenterol 2005;16:85-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goel RK, Sairam K, Dorababu M, et al. Effect of standardized extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. on gastric mucosal offensive and defensive factors. Indian J Exp Biol 2005;43:715-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dharmani P, Kuchibhotla VK, Maurya R, et al. Evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic and ulcer-healing properties of Ocimum sanctum Linn. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;93:197-206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Majumdar DK. Evaluation of the gastric antiulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil). J Ethnopharmacol 1999;65:13-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhtar MS, Akhtar AH, Khan MA. Antiulcerogenic effects of Ocimum basilicum extracts, volatile oils and flavonoid glycosides in albino rats. Int J Pharmacognosy 1992;30:97-104
   Google Scholar
• Singh S. Evaluation of gastric anti-ulcer activity of fixed oil of Ocimum basilicum Linn. and its possible mechanism of action. Indian J Exp Biol 1999;37:253-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin WC, Tan TW. The role of gastric muscle relaxation in cytoprotection induced by San-huang-xie-xin-tang in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1994;44:171-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song HJ, Shin CY, Oh TY, et al. The protective effect of eupatilin on indomethacin-induced cell damage in cultured feline ileal smooth muscle cells: involvement of HO-1 and ERK. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;118:94-101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Han L, Wong DY, et al. Effects of Si-Jun-Zi decoction polysaccharides on cell migration and gene expression in wounded rat intestinal epithelial cells. Br J Nutr 2005;93:21-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Mofleh IA, Al Rashed RS. Nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal injuries and related adverse reactions: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2007;13:107-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mani Senthil Kumar KT, Puia Z, Samanta SK, et al. The gastroprotective role of Acanthus ilicifolius - a study to Unravel the underlying mechanism of anti-ulcer activity. Sci Pharm 2012;80:701-17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das S, Deka S, Gohain K. A preclinical study on the gastric ulcer protective activity of the world’s hottest chilli, Capsicum frutescenes. J Clin Diagn Res 2008;2:1024-7
   Google Scholar
• Meyer Albiero AL, Aboin Sertie JA, Bacchi EM. Antiulcerogenic effect of methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis: an experimental study. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;82:1-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim P, Jeong CS. Effects of Chenopodium album Linne on gastritis and gastric cancer cell growth. Biomol Ther 2011;19:487-92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SJ, Lee HJ, Kim BS, et al. Antiulcer activity of anthocyanins from Rubus coreanus via association with regulation of the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2. J Agric Food Chem 2011;59:11786-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adesanwo JK, Raji Y, Olaleye SB, et al. Antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum in rats. J Biol Sci 2007;7:409-12
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee A, Chatterjee S, Biswas A, et al. Gallic acid enriched fraction of Phyllanthus emblica potentiates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer healing via e-nos-dependent pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:487380
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Z, Hasegawa J, Wang X, et al. Protective effects of ginger against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Yonago Acta Med 2011;54:11-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalke RD, Gosavi SA, Pawar SS, et al. Antiulcer activity of Pterospermum acerifolium(L.) Willd. Sterculiaceae. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6:68-72
   Google Scholar
• Jung K, Chin YW, Chung YH, et al. Anti-gastritis and wound healing effects of Momordicae Semen extract and its active component. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013;35:126-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Harbi MM, Qureshi S, Raza M, et al. Gastric antiulcer and cytoprotective effect of Commiphora molmol in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;55:141-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagtap AG, Niphadkar PV, Phadke AS. Protective effect of aqueous extract of bombax malabaricum dc on experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease in rats and mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2011;49:343-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawar AT, Anap RM, Ghodasara JV, et al. Protective effect of hydroalcoholic root extract of Rubia cordifolia in indomethacin-induced enterocolitis in rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011;73:250-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkin RL, Buvanendran A. Focus on the COX-1 and COX-2 agents: renal events of nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs-NSAIDs. Am J Ther 2004;11:124-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Isnard Bagnis C, Deray G, Baumelou A, et al. Herbs and the kidney. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;44:1-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jha V, Rathi M. Natural medicines causing acute kidney injury. Semin Nephrol 2008;28:416-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan TH, Tong MK, Leung KT, et al. Acute renal failure associated with prolonged intake of slimming pills containing anthraquinones. Hong Kong Med J 2006;12:394-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ozdemir Z, Ozbayer C, Kurt H, et al. The protective and antioxidant effect of hypericum perforatum on indomethacin-induced renal damage. Cell Membr Free Radic Res 2012;4(1):82
   Google Scholar
• Sukandar EY, Fidrianny I, Adiwibowo LF. Efficacy of ethanol extract of anredera cordifolia (ten) steenis leaves on improving kidney failure in rats. Int J Pharmacol 2011;7:850-5
   Google Scholar
• Hesse C, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Duke CC, et al. Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats. Phytother Res 2007;21:523-30
   Google Scholar
• Awad DS, Ali RM, Mhaidat NM, et al. Zizyphus jujuba protects against ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Pharm Biol 2014;52:182-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamil MS, Mahmood Z, Saeed A, et al. Efficacy of herbal coded Hepcon on drug induced hepatitis in experimental animals through histopathological and biochemical analysis. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013;26:991-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubenstein JH, Laine L. Systematic review: the hepatotoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:373-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacroix I, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Bagheri H, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced liver injury: a case-control study in primary care. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2004;18:201-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen MF, Tam S, Fung J, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine causing hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a 1-year prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;24:1179-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baravalia Y, Vaghasiya Y, Chanda S. Hepatoprotective effect of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz flowers on diclofenac sodium induced liver toxicity in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2011;4:342-6
   Google Scholar
• Darbar S, Bose A, Bhaumik UK, et al. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Andrographis paniculata leaf extract on diclofenac induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacologyonline 2009;2:95-108
   Google Scholar
• Hamza AA. Curcuma longa, glycyrrhiza glabra and moringa oleifera ameliorate diclofenac-induced hepatoxicity in rats. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol 2007;2:80-8
   Google Scholar
• Mahalakshmi R, Rajesh P, Ramesh N, et al. Hepatoprotective activity on vitex negundo linn. (verbenaceae) by using wistar albino rats in ibuprofen induced model. Int J Pharmacol 2010;6:658-63
   Google Scholar
• Schafer AI. Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs on Platelet Function and Systemic Hemostasis. J Clin Pharmacol 1995;35:209-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moiniche S, Romsing J, Dahl JB, Tramèr MR. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of operative site bleeding after tonsillectomy: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 2003;96:68-77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meisel C, Johne A, Roots I. Fatal intracerebral mass bleeding associated with Ginkgo biloba and ibuprofen 1. Atherosclerosis 2003;167:367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bebbington A, Kulkarni R, Roberts P. Ginkgo biloba: persistent bleeding after total hip arthroplasty caused by herbal self-medication. J Arthroplasty 2005;20:125-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf HR. Does Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 provide additional effects on coagulation and bleeding when added to acetylsalicylic acid 500mg daily? Drugs R D 2006;7:163-72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gardner CD, Zehnder JL, Rigby AJ, et al. Effect of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) and aspirin on platelet aggregation and platelet function analysis among older adults at risk of cardiovascular disease: a randomized clinical trial. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2007;18:787-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelmann D, Wetzel L, Pramhas S, et al. Chronic garlic supplement intake does not potentiate the platelet inhibitory effect of diclofenac. Hamostaseologie 2013;33:A83-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yuan R, Lin Y. Traditional Chinese medicine: an approach to scientific proof and clinical validation. Pharmacol Ther 2000;86:191-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang J-L, Zhan S-Y, Ernst E. Review of randomised controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine. BMJ 1999;319:160-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolivette LJ, Ward KW. Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure. J Pharm Sci 2005;94:1467-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vocci F, Farber T. Extrapolation of animal toxicity data to man. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1988;8:389-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo HY, Li CC, Huang HC, et al. Application of transcriptomics in Chinese herbal medicine studies. J Tradit Complement Med 2012;2:105-14
   Google Scholar
• Bonham MJ, Galkin A, Montgomery B, et al. Effects of the herbal extract pc-spes on microtubule dynamics and paclitaxel-mediated prostate tumor growth inhibition. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1641-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollason V, Samer CF, Daali Y, et al. Prediction by pharmacogenetics of safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs: a review. Curr Drug Metab 2014;15:326-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Fong SY, Mei Q, et al. Influence of mefenamic acid on the intestinal absorption and metabolism of three bioactive flavones in Radix Scutellariae and potential pharmacological impact. Pharm Biol 2014;52:291-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang BL, Hu JP, Sheng L, et al. [Effects of Schisandra chinensis (Wuweizi) constituents on the activity of hepatic microsomal CYP450 isozymes in rats detected by using a cocktail probe substrates method]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2011;46:922-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodeiro I, Donato MT, Lahoz A, et al. Modulation of P450 enzymes by Cuban natural products rich in polyphenolic compounds in rat hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2008;172:1-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo HH, Kim SA, Kim IS, et al. The evaluation of CP-001 (a Standardized Herbal Mixture of Houttuynia cordata, Rehmannia glutinosa, Betula platyphylla, and Rubus coreanus) for cytochrome P450-related herb-drug interactions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:824270
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cole L, Heard C. Skin permeation enhancement potential of Aloe Vera and a proposed mechanism of action based upon size exclusion and pull effect. Int J Pharm 2007;333:10-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jesus NZ, Falcao HS, Lima GR, et al. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant protects the stomach against several gastric ulcer models. J Ethnopharmacol 2013;150:982-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd El Latif HA, Mahmoud SS, Asaad GF, et al. Pharmacological study of the effect of licorice alone and in combination with diclofenac sodium on hepatotoxicity-induced experimentally in rats. J Complement Integr Med 2011;8
   Google Scholar