Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: a review

Bibliography

• DE LANGE EE, MUGLER JP III, BOSWORTH JE et al.: MR imaging of the liver: breath-hold T1-weighted MP-GRE compared with conventional T2-weighted SE imaging-lesion detection, localization, and characterization. Radiology (1994) 190:727-736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROFSKY NM, LEE VS, LAUB G et al.: Abdominal MR imaging with a volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination. Radiology (1999) 212:876-884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KANEMATSU M, SEMELKA R, MATSUO M et al.: Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of the liver: optimizing imaging delay for hepatic arterial and portal venous Phases – a prospective randomized study in patients with chronic liver damage. Radiology (2002) 225:407-415.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MARTIN DR, SEMELKA RC: Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: review of techniques and approach to common diseases. Semin. Ultrasound CT MRI (2005) 26:116-131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRAZIOLI L, MORANA G, KIRCHIN MA et al.: Accurate differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma at gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging: prospective study. Radiology (2005) 236:166-177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEMELKA RC, ARMAO DM, ELIAS JJ, HUDA W: Imaging strategies to reduce the risk of radiation in ct studies, including selective substitution with MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging (2007) 25:900-909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROBNER T: Gadolinium – a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (2006) 21:1104-1108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARCKMANN P, SKOV L, ROSSEN K et al.: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2006) 17:2359-2362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIN S-P, BROWN JJ: MR contrast agents: physical and pharmacologic basics. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging (2007) 25:884-899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SADOWSKI EA, BENNETT LK, CHAN MR et al.: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: risk factors and incidence estimation. Radiology (2007) 243:148-157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROOME DR, GIRGUIS MS, BARON PW, COTTRELL AC, KJELLIN I, KIRK GA: Gadodiamide-associated nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: why radiologists should be concerned. Am. J. Roentgenol. (2007) 188:586-592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEINER T, HERBORN CU, GOYEN M: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is not exclusively associated with gadodiamide. Eur. Radiol. (2007) 17:1921-1923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARTIN DR, SEMELKA RC: Imaging of benign and malignant focal liver lesions. Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. (2001) 9:785-802.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHOENUT JP, SEMELKA RC, LEVI C et al.: Ciliated hepatic foregut cysts: US, CT, and contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Abdom. Imaging (1994) 19:150-152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHUNG EB: Multiple bile-duct hamartomas. Cancer (1970) 26:287-296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEMELKA RC, HUSSAIN SM, MARCOS HB, WOOSLEY JT: Biliary hamartomas: solitary and multiple lesions shown on current MR techniques including gadolinium enhancement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging (1999) 10:196-201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRAIG J, PETERS R, EDMONSON H: Tumors of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. In: Atlas of Tumor Pathology, (2nd Edition). Hartman H, Sobin L (Eds), Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA (1989).
   Google Scholar
• KARHUNEN PJ: Benign hepatic tumors and tumor like conditions in men. J. Clin. Pathol. (1986) 39:183-188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEMELKA RC, BROWN ED, ASCHER SM et al.: Hepatic hemangiomas: a multiinstitutional study of appearance on T2-weighted and serial gadolinium enhanced gradient-echo MR images. Radiology (1994) 192:401-406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DANET IM, SEMELKA RC, BRAGA L et al.: Giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver: MR imaging characteristics in 24 patients. Magn. Reson. Imaging (2003) 21:95-101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURDENY DA, SEMELKA RC, KELEKIS NL et al.: Chemotherapy treated liver metastases mimicking hemangiomas on MR images. Abdom. Imaging (1999) 24:378-382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VILGRAIN V: Focal nodular hyperplasia. Eur. J. Radiol. (2006) 58:236-245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STANLEY G, JEFFREY RB, FELIZ B: CT findings and histopathology of intratumoral steatosis in focal nodular hyperplasia: case report and review of the literature. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. (2002) 26:815-817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORTELE KJ, PRAET M, VAN VLIERBERGHE H et al.: CT and MR imaging findings in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: radiologic – pathologic correlation. Am. J. Roentgenol. (2000) 175:687-692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIENER Y, DUSHNITZKY T, SLUTZKI S, HALEVY A: Synchronous bleeding of liver adenomatosis and possible relation to acoustic trauma. HPB Surg. (2001) 3:267-269.
   Google Scholar
• CHICHE L, DAO T, SALAME E et al.: Liver adenomatosis: reappraisal, diagnosis, and surgical management: eight new cases and review of the literature. Ann. Surg. (2000) 231:74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PSATHA EA, SEMELKA RC, ARMAO D et al.: Hepatocellular adenomas in men: MRI findings in four patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging (2005) 22:258-264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOSTER JH, BERMAN MM: The malignant transformation of liver cell adenomas. Arch. Surg. (1994) 129:712-717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAULSON EK, MCCLELLAN JS, WASHINGTON K et al.: Hepatic adenoma: MR characteristics and correlation with pathologic findings. Am. J. Roentgenol. (1994) 163:113-116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEWIN M, HANDRA-LUCA A, ARRIVÉ L et al.: Liver adenomatosis: classification of mr imaging features and comparison with pathologic findings. Radiology (2006) 241:433-440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRAZIOLI L, FEDERLE MP, ICHIKAWA T et al.: Liver adenomatosis: clinical, histopathologic, and imaging findings in 15 patients. Radiology (2000) 216:395-402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRUNETON JN, RAFFAELLI C, MAESTRO C, PADOVANI B: Benign liver lesions: implications of detection in cancer patients. Eur. Radiol. (1995) 5:387-390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRAGA L, SEMELKA RC, PEDRO MS, DE BARROS N: Post-treatment malignant liver lesions. MR imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. (2002) 10(1):53-73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WINSTON CB, SCHWARTZ LH, FONG Y et al.: Hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging findings in cirrhotic livers and noncirrhotic livers. Radiology (1999) 210:75-79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KELEKIS NL, SEMELKA RC, WOAWATTANAKUL S et al.: Hepatocellular carcinoma in North America: a multiinstitutional study of appearance on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and serial gadolinium-enhanced gradient-echo images. Am. J. Roentgenol. (1998) 170:1005-1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KANEMATSU M, SEMELKA RC, LEONARDOU P et al.: Hepatocellular carcinoma of diffuse type: MR imaging findings and clinical manifestations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging (2003) 18:189-195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUSSAIN SM, SEMELKA RC, MITCHELL DG: MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. (2002) 10(1):31-52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FARRELL G; LARTER C: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Heptology (2006) 43:S99-S112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GHOLAM PM, FLANCBAUM L, MACHAN JT et al.: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese subjects. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (2007) 102:399-408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARRISON SA, NEUSCHWANDER-TETRI BA: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin. Liver Dis. (2004) 8:871-879.
   Google Scholar
• MITCHELL DG: Focal manifestations of diffuse liver disease at MR imaging. Radiology (1992) 185:1-11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ITO K, MITCHELL DG, SIEGELMAN ES: Cirrhosis: MR imaging features. Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. (2002) 10:75-92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KRINSKY GA, LEE VS: MR imaging of cirrhotic nodules. Abdom. Imaging (2000) 25:471-482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIEGELMAN ES, MITCHELL DG, SEMELKA RC: Abdominal iron deposition: metabolism, MR findings, and clinical importance. Radiology (1996) 199:13-22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALÚSTIZA JM, ARTETXE J, CASTIELLA A et al.: MR Quantification of hepatic iron concentration. Radiology (2004) 230:479-484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Board on radiation effects research – division on earth and life studies editor health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII – Phase II. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA (2005).
   Google Scholar
• FRUSH DP, DONNELLY LF, ROSEN NS: Computed tomography and radiation risks: what pediatric health care providers should know. Pediatrics (2003) 112:951-957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINTON OW, METTLER FA Jr: National conference on dose reduction in CT, with an emphasis on pediatric patients. Am. J. Roentgenol. (2003) 181:321-329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEVATTER RE, BRENNER DJ, ELLISTON CD: Radiation risk of body CT: what to tell our patients and other questions. Drs Brenner and Elliston respond. Radiology (2005) 234:968-970.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar