Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics Volume 1, 2007 - Issue 4
Journal homepage
33
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Immunologic markers of cancer progression and prognosis

Pankaj Singhal Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA +1 716 845 8376; +1 716 845 7608; [email protected]
, MD MS, Fellow,
Nana E Tchabo Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA +1 716 845 8376; +1 716 845 7608; [email protected]
, MD, Fellow &
Kunle Odunsi Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA +1 716 845 8376; +1 716 845 7608; [email protected]; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
, MD PhD (Professor)
Pages 439-450 | Published online: 29 Nov 2007

Bibliography

  • JEMAL A, SIEGEL R, WARD E, MURRAY T, XU J, THUN MJ: Cancer statistics, 2007. CA. Cancer J. Clin. (2007) 57(1):43-66.
  • GILBOA E: The makings of a tumor rejection antigen. Immunity (1999) 11(3):263-270.
  • NOSSAL GJ: Host immunobiology and vaccine development. Lancet (1997) 350(9087):1316-1319.
  • SATO E, OLSON SH, AHN J et al.: Intraepithelial CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a high CD8+/regulatory T cell ratio are associated with favorable prognosis in ovarian cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2005) 102(51):18538-18543.
  • CURIEL TJ, COUKOS G, ZOU L et al.: Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nat. Med. (2004) 10(9):942-949.
  • BURNET M: Cancer; a biological approach. I. The processes of control. Br. Med. J. (1957) 1(5022):779-786.
  • BURNET FM: Immunological surveillance in neoplasia. Transplant. Rev. (1971) 7:3-25.
  • BURNET FM: The concept of immunological surveillance. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res. (1970) 13:1-27.
  • BURNET M: Immunological factors in the process of carcinogenesis. Br. Med. Bull. (1964) 20:154-158.
  • DUNN GP, OLD LJ, SCHREIBER RD: The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting. Immunity (2004) 21(2):137-148.
  • MARINCOLA FM, JAFFEE EM, HICKLIN DJ, FERRONE S: Escape of human solid tumors from T-cell recognition: molecular mechanisms and functional significance. Adv. Immunol. (2000) 74:181-273.
  • GIRARDI M, GLUSAC E, FILLER RB et al.: The distinct contributions of murine T cell receptor (TCR)gammadelta+ and TCRalphabeta+ T cells to different stages of chemically induced skin cancer. J. Exp. Med. (2003) 198(5):747-755.
  • GERMAIN RN, MARGULIES DH: The biochemistry and cell biology of antigen processing and presentation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. (1993) 11:403-450.
  • SCHWARTZ RH: Costimulation of T lymphocytes: the role of CD28, CTLA-4, and B7/BB1 in interleukin-2 production and immunotherapy. Cell (1992) 71(7):1065-1068.
  • CHEN C, NABAVI N: In vitro induction of T cell anergy by blocking B7 and early T cell costimulatory molecule ETC-1/B7-2. Immunity (1994) 1(2):147-154.
  • CLEMENTE CG, MIHM MC Jr, BUFALINO R, ZURRIDA S, COLLINI P, CASCINELLI N: Prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the vertical growth phase of primary cutaneous melanoma. Cancer (1996) 77(7):1303-1310.
  • HARTVEIT F: Breast cancer: poor short-term prognosis in cases with moderate lymphocyte infiltration at the tumour edge: a preliminary report. Oncol. Rep. (1998) 5(2):423-426.
  • SCHUMACHER K, HAENSCH W, ROEFZAAD C, SCHLAG PM: Prognostic significance of activated CD8(+) T cell infiltrations within esophageal carcinomas. Cancer Res. (2001) 61(10):3932-3936.
  • FUNADA Y, NOGUCHI T, KIKUCHI R, TAKENO S, UCHIDA Y, GABBERT HE: Prognostic significance of CD8+ T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in colorectal cancer. Oncol. Rep. (2003) 10(2):309-313.
  • GUIDOBONI M, GAFA R, VIEL A et al.: Microsatellite instability and high content of activated cytotoxic lymphocytes identify colon cancer patients with a favorable prognosis. Am. J. Pathol. (2001) 159(1):297-304.
  • NAITO Y, SAITO K, SHIIBA K et al.: CD8+ T cells infiltrated within cancer cell nests as a prognostic factor in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. (1998) 58(16):3491-3494.
  • ZHANG L, CONEJO-GARCIA JR, KATSAROS D et al.: Intratumoral T cells, recurrence, and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2003) 348(3):203-213.
  • HURWITZ AA, YU TF, LEACH DR, ALLISON JP: CTLA-4 blockade synergizes with tumor-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for treatment of an experimental mammary carcinoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998) 95(17):10067-10071.
  • TALMADGE JE: Pathways mediating the expansion and immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their relevance to cancer therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. (2007) 13(18):5243-5248.
  • UYTTENHOVE C, PILOTTE L, THEATE I et al.: Evidence for a tumoral immune resistance mechanism based on tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Nat. Med. (2003) 9(10):1269-1274.
  • SEDLMAYR P, BLASCHITZ A, WINTERSTEIGER R et al.: Localization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human female reproductive organs and the placenta. Mol. Hum. Reprod. (2002) 8(4):385-391.
  • SCHROECKSNADEL K, WINKLER C, FUITH LC, FUCHS D: Tryptophan degradation in patients with gynecological cancer correlates with immune activation. Cancer Lett. (2005) 223(2):323-329.
  • ISHIO T, GOTO S, TAHARA K, TONE S, KAWANO K, KITANO S: Immunoactivative role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. (2004) 19(3):319-326.
  • MELLOR AL, MUNN DH: IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism. Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2004) 4(10):762-774.
  • OKAMOTO A, NIKAIDO T, OCHIAI K et al.: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase serves as a marker of poor prognosis in gene expression profiles of serous ovarian cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11(16):6030-6039.
  • SHIMIZU J, YAMAZAKI S, SAKAGUCHI S: Induction of tumor immunity by removing CD25+CD4+ T cells: a common basis between tumor immunity and autoimmunity. J. Immunol. (1999) 163(10):5211-5218.
  • TERABE M, MATSUI S, NOBEN-TRAUTH N et al.: NKT cell-mediated repression of tumor immunosurveillance by IL-13 and the IL-4R-STAT6 pathway. Nat. Immunol. (2000) 1(6):515-520.
  • WOO EY, CHU CS, GOLETZ TJ et al.: Regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in tumors from patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and late-stage ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. (2001) 61(12):4766-4772.
  • ODUNSI K, JUNGBLUTH AA, STOCKERT E et al.: NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 cancer-testis antigens are potential targets for immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. (2003) 63(18):6076-6083.
  • BRICHARD V, VAN PEL A, WOLFEL T et al.: The tyrosinase gene codes for an antigen recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A2 melanomas. J. Exp. Med. (1993) 178(2):489-495.
  • GOODELL V, SALAZAR LG, URBAN N et al.: Antibody immunity to the p53 oncogenic protein is a prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24(5):762-768.
  • BERCHUCK A, KOHLER MF, MARKS JR, WISEMAN R, BOYD J, BAST RC Jr: The p53 tumor suppressor gene frequently is altered in gynecologic cancers. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1994) 170(1 Part 1):246-252.
  • BERNS EM, KLIJN JG, VAN PUTTEN WL et al.: p53 protein accumulation predicts poor response to tamoxifen therapy of patients with recurrent breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1998) 16(1):121-127.
  • BRAITHWAITE AW, STURZBECHER HW, ADDISON C, PALMER C, RUDGE K, JENKINS JR: Mouse p53 inhibits SV40 origin-dependent DNA replication. Nature (1987) 329(6138):458-460.
  • BROWN R, CLUGSTON C, BURNS P et al.: Increased accumulation of p53 protein in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cell lines. Int. J. Cancer (1993) 55(4):678-684.
  • ELLEDGE RM, ALLRED DC: The p53 tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (1994) 32(1):39-47.
  • ELTABBAKH GH, BELINSON JL, KENNEDY AW et al.: p53 overexpression is not an independent prognostic factor for patients with primary ovarian epithelial cancer. Cancer (1997) 80(5):892-898.
  • HARTMANN LC, PODRATZ KC, KEENEY GL et al.: Prognostic significance of p53 immunostaining in epithelial ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1994) 12(1):64-69.
  • HAINAUT P, HERNANDEZ T, ROBINSON A et al.: IARC database of p53 gene mutations in human tumors and cell lines: updated compilation, revised formats and new visualisation tools. Nucleic Acids Res. (1998) 26(1):205-213.
  • LAMB P, CRAWFORD L: Characterization of the human p53 gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1986) 6(5):1379-1385.
  • MARKS JR, DAVIDOFF AM, KERNS BJ et al.: Overexpression and mutation of p53 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. (1991) 51(11):2979-2984.
  • RELES A, WEN WH, SCHMIDER A et al.: Correlation of p53 mutations with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and shortened survival in ovarian cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. (2001) 7(10):2984-2997.
  • RIGHETTI SC, DELLA TORRE G, PILOTTI S et al.: A comparative study of p53 gene mutations, protein accumulation, and response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res. (1996) 56(4):689-693.
  • ROTTER V, ABUTBUL H, BEN-ZE'EV A: P53 transformation-related protein accumulates in the nucleus of transformed fibroblasts in association with the chromatin and is found in the cytoplasm of non-transformed fibroblasts. EMBO J. (1983) 2(7):1041-1047.
  • HUANG HJ, NEVEN P, DRIJKONINGEN M et al.: Association between tumour characteristics and HER-2/neu by immunohistochemistry in 1362 women with primary operable breast cancer. J. Clin. Pathol. (2005) 58(6):611-616.
  • AFIFY AM, WERNESS BA, MARK HF: HER-2/neu oncogene amplification in stage I and stage III ovarian papillary serous carcinoma. Exp. Mol. Pathol. (1999) 66(2):163-169.
  • BERCHUCK A, KAMEL A, WHITAKER R et al.: Overexpression of HER-2/neu is associated with poor survival in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. (1990) 50(13):4087-4091.
  • LOHRISCH C, PICCART M: An overview of HER2. Semin. Oncol. (2001) 28(6 Suppl. 18):3-11.
  • MEDEN H, KUHN W: Overexpression of the oncogene c-erbB-2 (HER2/neu) in ovarian cancer: a new prognostic factor. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. (1997) 71(2):173-179.
  • LASSUS H, LEMINEN A, VAYRYNEN A et al.: ERBB2 amplification is superior to protein expression status in predicting patient outcome in serous ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol. Oncol. (2004) 92(1):31-39.
  • RUBIN SC, FINSTAD CL, WONG GY, ALMADRONES L, PLANTE M, LLOYD KO: Prognostic significance of HER-2/neu expression in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: a multivariate analysis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1993) 168(1 Part 1):162-169.
  • SLAMON DJ, GODOLPHIN W, JONES LA et al.: Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science (1989) 244(4905):707-712.
  • SLAMON DJ, LEYLAND-JONES B, SHAK S et al.: Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 344(11):783-792.
  • SCANLAN MJ, CHEN YT, WILLIAMSON B et al.: Characterization of human colon cancer antigens recognized by autologous antibodies. Int. J. Cancer (1998) 76(5):652-658.
  • ODUNSI K, TERRY G, HO L, BELL J, CUZICK J, GANESAN TS: Susceptibility to human papillomavirus-associated cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia is determined by specific HLA DR-DQ alleles. Int. J. Cancer (1996) 67(5):595-602.
  • TINDLE RW: Human papillomavirus vaccines for cervical cancer. Curr. Opin. Immunol. (1996) 8(5):643-650.
  • GURE AO, CHUA R, WILLIAMSON B et al.: Cancer-testis genes are coordinately expressed and are markers of poor outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11(22):8055-8062.
  • SIMPSON AJ, CABALLERO OL, JUNGBLUTH A, CHEN YT, OLD LJ: Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer (2005) 5(8):615-625.
  • KNUTSON KL, ALMAND B, DANG Y, DISIS ML: Neu antigen-negative variants can be generated after neu-specific antibody therapy in neu transgenic mice. Cancer Res. (2004) 64(3):1146-1151.
  • MANJILI MH, ARNOUK H, KNUTSON KL et al.: Emergence of immune escape variant of mammary tumors that has distinct proteomic profile and a reduced ability to induce “danger signals”. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (2006) 96(3):233-241.
  • KMIECIAK M, KNUTSON KL, DUMUR CI, MANJILI MH: HER-2/neu antigen loss and relapse of mammary carcinoma are actively induced by T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses. Eur. J. Immunol. (2007) 37(3):675-685.
  • CASEY G, LOPEZ ME, RAMOS JC et al.: DNA sequence analysis of exons 2 through 11 and immunohistochemical staining are required to detect all known p53 alterations in human malignancies. Oncogene (1996) 13(9):1971-1981.
  • KOHLER MF, KERNS BJ, HUMPHREY PA, MARKS JR, BAST RC Jr, BERCHUCK A: Mutation and overexpression of p53 in early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet. Gynecol. (1993) 81(5 Part 1):643-650.
  • HENRIKSEN R, STRANG P, BACKSTROM T, WILANDER E, TRIBUKAIT B, OBERG K: Ki-67 immunostaining and DNA flow cytometry as prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancers. Anticancer Res. (1994) 14(2B):603-608.
  • VAN DER ZEE AG, HOLLEMA H, SUURMEIJER AJ et al.: Value of P-glycoprotein, glutathione S-transferase pi, c-erbB-2, and p53 as prognostic factors in ovarian carcinomas. J. Clin. Oncol. (1995) 13(1):70-78.
  • ELIOPOULOS AG, KERR DJ, HEROD J et al.: The control of apoptosis and drug resistance in ovarian cancer: influence of p53 and Bcl-2. Oncogene (1995) 11(7):1217-1228.
  • PEREGO P, GIAROLA M, RIGHETTI SC et al.: Association between cisplatin resistance and mutation of p53 gene and reduced bax expression in ovarian carcinoma cell systems. Cancer Res. (1996) 56(3):556-562.
  • HAVRILESKY LJ, ELBENDARY A, HURTEAU JA, WHITAKER RS, RODRIGUEZ GC, BERCHUCK A: Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancers. Obstet. Gynecol. (1995) 85(6):1007-1010.
  • CHEN YT, SCANLAN MJ, SAHIN U et al.: A testicular antigen aberrantly expressed in human cancers detected by autologous antibody screening. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1997) 94(5):1914-1918.
  • FACOETTI A, NANO R, ZELINI P et al.: Human leukocyte antigen and antigen processing machinery component defects in astrocytic tumors. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11(23):8304-8311.
  • ATKINS D, FERRONE S, SCHMAHL GE, STORKEL S, SELIGER B: Down-regulation of HLA class I antigen processing molecules: an immune escape mechanism of renal cell carcinoma? J. Urol. (2004) 171(2 Part 1):885-889.
  • AARNOUDSE CA, VAN DEN DOEL PB, HEEMSKERK B, SCHRIER PI: Interleukin-2-induced, melanoma-specific T cells recognize CAMEL, an unexpected translation product of LAGE-1. Int. J. Cancer (1999) 82(3):442-448.
  • YANG T, LAPINSKI PE, ZHAO H et al.: A rare transporter associated with antigen processing polymorphism overpresented in HLAlow colon cancer reveals the functional significance of the signature domain in antigen processing. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11(10):3614-3623.
  • MONOS DS, PAPPAS J, MAGIRA EE et al.: Identification of HLA-DQalpha and -DRbeta residues associated with susceptibility and protection to epithelial ovarian cancer. Hum. Immunol. (2005) 66(5):554-562.
  • KUSS I, SAITO T, JOHNSON JT, WHITESIDE TL: Clinical significance of decreased zeta chain expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with head and neck cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. (1999) 5(2):329-334.
  • COCA S, PEREZ-PIQUERAS J, MARTINEZ D et al.: The prognostic significance of intratumoral natural killer cells in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer (1997) 79(12):2320-2328.
  • DOLCETTI R, VIEL A, DOGLIONI C et al.: High prevalence of activated intraepithelial cytotoxic T lymphocytes and increased neoplastic cell apoptosis in colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Am. J. Pathol. (1999) 154(6):1805-1813.
  • KOCH M, BECKHOVE P, OP DEN WINKEL J et al.: Tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer: tumor-selective activation and cytotoxic activity in situ. Ann. Surg. (2006) 244(6):986-992; discussion 983-992.
  • OUDEJANS JJ, HARIJADI H, KUMMER JA et al.: High numbers of granzyme B/CD8-positive tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies predict rapid fatal outcome in patients treated with curative intent. J. Pathol. (2002) 198(4):468-475.
  • DE VRIES IJ, BERNSEN MR, VAN GELOOF WL et al.: In situ detection of antigen-specific T cells in cryo-sections using MHC class I tetramers after dendritic cell vaccination of melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2007) 56(10):1667-1676.
  • HAANEN JB, BAARS A, GOMEZ R et al.: Melanoma-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes but not circulating melanoma-specific T cells may predict survival in resected advanced-stage melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. (2006) 55(4):451-458.
  • KNUTSON KL, CURIEL TJ, SALAZAR L, DISIS ML: Immunologic principles and immunotherapeutic approaches in ovarian cancer. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. (2003) 17(4):1051-1073.
  • SHEVACH EM: CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells: more questions than answers. Nat. Rev. Immunol. (2002) 2(6):389-400.
  • ZIEGLER SF: FOXP3: not just for regulatory T cells anymore. Eur. J. Immunol. (2007) 37(1):21-23.
  • GAO Q, QIU SJ, FAN J et al.: Intratumoral balance of regulatory and cytotoxic T cells is associated with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection. J. Clin. Oncol. (2007) 25(18):2586-2593.
  • TEMPFER C, HEFLER L, HAEUSLER G et al.: Serum M3/M21 in ovarian cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer (1997) 76(10):1387-1389.
  • LEONG SP, PENG M, ZHOU YM, VAQUERANO JE, CHANG JW: Cytokine profiles of sentinel lymph nodes draining the primary melanoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. (2002) 9(1):82-87.
  • PIER GB, LYCZAK JB, WETZLER LM: Immunology, Infection and Immunity. ASM press (2004).
  • JANEWAY CA: Immunobiology, 5th Edition, Garland Publishing (2001).
  • STROM: Prognostic Implications of Defining Natural Killer Cell Function and T-Cell Sub-Sets in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Marcel Dekker (1990):89-93.
  • MUKHOPADHYAYA R, RAO RS, FAKIH AR, GANGAL SG: Detection of circulating immune complexes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. J. Clin. Lab. Immunol. (1986) 21(4):189-193.
  • BOOKMAN MA, DARCY KM, CLARKE-PEARSON D, BOOTHBY RA, HOROWITZ IR: Evaluation of monoclonal humanized anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab, in patients with recurrent or refractory ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma with overexpression of HER2: a Phase II trial of the gynecologic oncology group. J. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 21(2):283-290.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.