Fetal diagnosis and imaging in cardiology

Bibliography

• Winsberg F. Echocardiography of the fetal newborn heart. Invest Radiol 1972;7:152-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan LD, Tynan MJ, Campbell S, et al. Echocardiographic and anatomical correlates in the fetus. Br Heart J 1980;44:444-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lange LW, Sahn DJ, Allen HD, et al. Qualitative real-time cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging of the human fetus during the second half of pregnancy. Circulation 1980;62:799-805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahn DJ, Lange LW, Allen HD, et al. Quantitative real-time cross-sectional echocardiography in the developing normal human fetus and newborn. Circulation 1980;62:588-603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huhta JC, Hagler DJ, Hill LM. Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of normal fetal cardic anatomy. J Reprod Med 1984;29:162-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinman CS, Donnerstein RL, DeVore GR, et al. Fetal echocardiography for the evaluation of in utero congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1982;306:568-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan LD, Tynan MJ, Campbell S, et al. Identification of congenital cardiac malformations by echocardiography in the midtrimester fetus. Br Heart J 1981;46:358-62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleinman CS, Donnerstein RL, Jaffe CC, et al. Fetal echocardiography:a tool for evaluation of in utero cardiac arrhythmias and monitoring of in utero therapy: analyisis of 71 patients. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:237-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan D, Crawford DC, Anderson RH, et al. Spectrum of congnital heart disease detected echocardiographically in prenatal life. Br Heart J 1985;54:523-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reed KL, Meijboom EJ, Sahn DJ, et al. Cardiac Doppler flow velocities in human fetuses. Circulation 1986;73:41-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny JF, Plappert T, Doubilet P, et al. Changes in intracardiac blood flow velocities and right and left ventricular stroke volumes with gestational age in the normal human fetus:A prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. Circulation 1986;74:1208-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tometzki AJ, Suda K, Kohl T, et al. Accuracy of prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of fetuses with conotruncal anomalies. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1696-701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottliebson WM, Border WL, Franklin CM, et al. Accuracy of fetal echocardiography:a cardiac segment specific analysis. Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol 2006;28:15-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taketazu M, Lougheed J, Yoo SJ, Hornberger LK. Fetal Heterotaxy Syndrome: Spectrum of Heart Disease, Accuracy of Diagnosis and Clinical Outcome. Am J Cardiol 2006;975:720-4
   Google Scholar
• Hornberger LK, Trines J. Evolution of congenital heart disease in utero Pediatric Cardiology. PA. Pediatr Cardiol 2004;25(3):287-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eapen RS, Rowland DG, Franklin WH. Effect of prenatal diagnosis of critical left heart obstruction on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Am J Perinatol 1998;15:237-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishna K, Newburger JW, Gauvreau K, et al. Comparison of the outcome when hypoplastic left heart syndrome and transposition of the great arteries are diagnosed prenatally versus when diagnosis of these two conditions is made only postnatally. Am J Cardiol 1999;83:1649-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnet D, Coltri A, Butera G, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great vessels reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1999;92:637-40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tworetzsky W, McElhinney DB, Reddy VM, et al. Improved surgical outcome after fetal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Circulation 2001;103:1269-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan LD, Cook A, Sullivan I, Sharland GK. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: effects of fetal echocardiography on birth prevalence. Lancet 1991;337:959-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudmundsson S, Huhta JC, Wood DC, et al. Venous Doppler ultrasonography in the fetus with nonimmune hydrops. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:33-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontes-Pedra SRF, Smallhorn J, Ryan G, et al. Fetal cardiomyopathies: etiologies, hemodynamic findings and clinical outcome. Circulation 2002;106:585-91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inamura N, Taketasu M, Smallhorn JF, Hornberger LK. Left ventricular myocardial performance in the fetus with severe tricuspid valve disease and tricuspid insufficiency Am J Perinatol 2005;22(2):91-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inamura N, Kado Y, Nakajima T, Kayatani F. Left and right ventricular function in fetal tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. Am J Perinatol 2005;22(4):199-204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeggi ET, Fouron J-C, Hornberger LK, et al. Agenesis of the ductus venosus associated with extrahepatic umbilical vein drainage: Clinical presentation, echocardiographic features and fetal outcome. Amer J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187(4):1031-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrea C, Alkazaleh F, Ryan G, et al. Prenatal Cardiovascular Manifestations in Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) and the Impact of Therapeutic Amnioreduction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192(3):892-902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naheed ZJ, Strasburger JF, Deal BJ, et al. Fetal tachycardia: mechanisms and predictors of hydrops fetalis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1736-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson JM, Sharland GK. Fetal tachycardias: management and outcome of 127 consecutive cases. Heart 1998;79:576-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouron JC. Fetal arrhythmias: the Sainte-Justine hospital experience. Prenatal Diagnosis 2004;24:1068-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeggi ET, Fouron JC, Silverman ED, et al. Transplacental fetal treatment improves the outcome of prenatally diagnosed complete atrioventricular block without structural heart disease. Circulation 2004;110:1542-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohl T, Sharland G, Allan LD, et al. World experience of percutaneous ultrasound-guided balloon valvuloplasty in human fetuses with severe aortic valve obstruction. Am J Cardiol 2000;85(10):1230-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arzt W, Tulzer G, Aigner M, et al. Invasive intrauterine treatment of pulmonary atresia/intact ventricular septum with heart failure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;21(2):186-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tworetzky W, Wilkins-Haug L, Jennings RW, et al. Balloon dilation of severe aortic stenosis in the fetus: potential for prevention of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: candidate selection, technique, and results of successful intervention. Circulation 2004;110(15):2125-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall AC, van der Velde ME, Tworetzky W, et al. Creation of an atrial septal defect in utero for fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and intact or highly restrictive atrial septum. Circulation 2004;110(3):253-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronshtein M, Zimmer EJ. The sonographic approach to the detection of fetal cardiac anomalies in early pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;19:360-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achiron R, Rotstein Z, Lipitz S, et al. First-trimester diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease by transvaginal ultrasonography. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84:69-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huggon IC, Ghi T, Cook AC, et al. Fetal cardiac abnormalities identified prior to 14 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;20(1):22-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcauliffe FM, Trines T, Nield LE, et al. Early fetal echocardiography – a reliable prenatal diagnosis Tool. Am J Ob Gyn 2005;193:1253-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharland GK, Lockhart SM, Chita SK, Allan LD. Factors influencing the outcome of congenital heart disease detected prenatally. Arch Dis Child 1991;66:284-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg M, Silverman N. Changing indications for fetal echocardiography in a university population. Prenat Diagn 2004;24(10):781-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagan KO, Avgidou K, Molina FS, et al. Relation between increased fetal nuchal transluscency thickness and chromosomal defects. Obstetr Gynecol 2006;107:6-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyett J, Perdu M, Sharland G, et al. Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study. Br Med J 1999;318:81-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAuliffe FM, Hornberger LK, Winsor S, et al. Fetal cardiac defects and increased nuchal translucency thickness, a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191(4):1486-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson LL, Malone FD, Bianchi DW, et al. Nuchal translucency and the risk of congenital heart disease. Obstetr Gynecol 2007;109:376-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan LD, Sharland GK, Milburn A, et al. Prospective diagnosis of 1,006 consecutive cases of CHD in the fetus. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:1452-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew C, Halliday JL, Riley MM, Penny DJ. Population-based study of antenatal detection of congenital heart disease by ultrasound examination. Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol 2007;29:619-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipp TD, Bromley B, Hornberger LK, et al. Levorotation of the fetal cardiac axis: a clue for the presence of congenital heart disease. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:97-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogge G, Gaglioti P, Maccanti S, et al. The Gruppo Piomontese for prenatal screening of congenital heart disease. Prenatal screening for congenital heart disease with four chamber and outflow tract views: A multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol 2006;28:779-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornberger L, Sanders SP, rein AJJT, et al. Left heart obstructive lesions and left ventricular growth in the midtrimester fetus. A longitudinal study. Circulation 1995;92:1531-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson JM, Sharland GK. Natural history and outcome of aortic stenosis diagnosed prenatally. Heart 1997;77:205-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornberger LK, Need L, Benacerraf BR. Development of significant left and right ventricular hypoplasia in the second and third trimester fetus. J Ultrasound Med 1996;15:60-5
   Google Scholar
• Mäkikallio K, McElhinney DB, Levine JC, et al. Fetal aortic valve stenosis and the evolution of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: patient selection for fetal intervention. Circulation 2006;113(11):1401-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornberger LK, Sander SP, Sahn DJ, et al. In utero pulmonary artery and aortic growth and the potential for progression of pulmonary outflow tract obstruction in tetralogy of Fallot. J AmColl Cardiol 1995;25:739-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornberger LK, Sahn DJ, Kleinman C, et al. Antenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta: A multicenter experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23:417-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holley DG, Martin GR, Brenner JI, et al. Diagnosis and management of fetal cardiac tumors:a multicenter experience and review of published reports. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:516-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orie J, Flotta D, Sherman FS. To be or not to be a VSD. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:1284-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt KG, Ulmer HE, Silverman NH, et al. .Perinatal Outcome of Fetal Complete AV Block: A Multicenter Experience. J AM Coll Cardiol 1991;17:1360-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeggi ET, Hornberger LK, Smallhorn JF, Fouron J-C. Prenatal diagnosis of compete atrio-ventricular block associated with structural heart disease since 1990:Combined experience of 2 tertiary care centers and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005;261:16-21
   Google Scholar
• Chobot V, Hornberger LK, Hagen-Ansert S, Sahn DJ. Prenatal detection of restrictive foramen ovale. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1990;3(1):15-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taketazu M, Barrea C, Smallhorn J, Hornberger LK. Pulmonary vein flow in fetal hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1902-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulzer G, Gudmundsson S, Sharkey AM, et al. Doppler echocardiography of fetal ductus arteriosus constriction versus increased right ventricular output. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:532-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyamenahalli U, Smallhorn JF, Geva T, et al. Isolated ductus arteriosus aneurysm in the fetus and infant: A multi-institutional experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:262-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornberger LK, Sahn DJ. Rhythm Abnormalities in the Fetus. Heart 2007;93:1294-3000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner HM, Belmar C, Pasquini L, et al. Fetal ECG: a novel predictor of atrioventricular block in anti-Ro positive pregnancies. Heart 2007;93(11):1454-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quartero HWP, Stinstra JG, Golbach EGM, et al. Clinical implications of fetal magnetocardiography. Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol 2002;20:142-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinman CS, Nehgme RA. Cardiac arrhythmias in the fetus. Pediatr cardiol 2004;25:234-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt MR, Kristiansen SB, White P, et al. Glucose-insulin infusion improves cardiac function during fetal tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43(3):445-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Engelen AD, Weijtens O, Brenner JI, et al. Management, outcome and follow-up of fetal tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1371-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouron JC, Proulx F, Miro J, Gosselin J. Doppler and M-mode ultrasonography to time fetal atrial and ventricular contractions. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:732-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andelfinger G, Fouron JC, Sonesson SE, Proulx F. Reference values for time intervals between atrial and ventricular contractions of the fetal heart measured by two Doppler techniques. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:1433-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nii M, Hamilton RM, Fenwick L, et al. Assessment of fetal atrioventricular time intervals by tissue Doppler and pulse Doppler echocardiography: normal values and correlation with fetal electrocardiography. Heart 2006;92(12):1831-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasquini L, Seale AN, Belmar C, et al. PR interval: a comparison of electrical and mechanical methods in the fetus. Early Hum Dev 2007;83(4):231-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kähler C, Schleussner E, Grimm B, et al. Fetal magnetocardiography: development of the fetal cardiac time intervals. Prenat Diagn 2002;22(5):408-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao H, Cuneo BF, Strasburger JF, et al. Electrophysiological characteristics of fetal atrioventricular block. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51(1):77-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman DM, Rupel A, Buyon JP. Epidemiology, etiology, detection, and treatment of autoantibody-associated congenital heart block in neonatal lupus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2007;9(2):101-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rudolph AM. Chapter 1. The Fetal Circulation and Postnatal Adaptation in Congenital Diseases of the Heart. Futura Publishing Co. Armonk, New York: 2001;39-43
   Google Scholar
• Hornberger LK, Nii M. Chapter: “Heart Failure in the Fetus” in Pediatric Heart Failure. Ed RE Shaddy & G Wernovsky. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Fla 2005;171-207
   Google Scholar
• Pavlova M, Fouron JC, Drblik PD, et al. Factors affecting the prognosis of Ebstein's anomaly during fetal life. Am Heart J 1998;135:1081-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornberger LK, Sahn DJ, Kleinman CS, et al. Tricuspid valve disease with significant tricuspid insufficiency in the fetus:Diagnosis and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;171:167-73
   Google Scholar
• Wald R, Adatia I, Van Arsdell G, Hornberger LK. Improving Survival in Neonatal Ebstein's Anomaly: the importance of limiting ductal patency. Am J Cardiol 2005;96(6):851-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brassard M, Fouron JC, Leduc L, et al. Prognostic markers in twin pregnancies with an acardiac fetus. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94(3):409-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahle WT, Rychik J, Tian ZY, et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of the fetus with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000;16:620-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bader R, Hornberger LK, Nijmeh LJ, et al. Fetal Pericardial Teratoma: presentation of two cases and review of literature. Am J Perinatol 2006;23(1):53-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrea C, Hornberger LK, Alkazaleh F, et al. Impact of selective laser ablation of placental anastomoses in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome on the cardiovascular pathology of the recipient twin. Am J Ob Gyn 2006;195:1388-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajoria R, Sullivan M, Fisk NM. Endothelin concentrations in monochorionic twins with severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Hum Reprod 1999;14(6):1614-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin O, Burch M, Manning N, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta improves survival and reduces morbidity. Heart 2002;87:67-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satomi G, Yasukochi S, Shimizu T, et al. Has fetal echocardiography improved the prognosis of congenital heart disease? Comparison of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome with and without a prenatal diagnosis. Pediatr Int 1999;41:728-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahle WT, Clancy RR, McGaurn SP, et al. Impact of prenatal diagnosis on survival and early neurologic morbidity in neonates with the hypoplastic left heart sydrome. Pediatrics 2001;107:1277-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verheijen PM, Lisowski LA, Stoutenbeek P, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease affects preoperative acidosis in the newborn patient. J Thoraci cardiovasc Surg 2001;121:798-803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copel JA, Tan AS, Kleinman CS. Does a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease alter short-term outcome? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997;10(4):237-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt LD, Greene N, Johnson A, et al. First trimester maternal serum biochemistry and fetal nuchal translucency screening (BUN) Study Group. Obstetr Gynecol 2004;104:661-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiva MC, Tolosa JE, Binotto CN, et al. Fetal cardiac development and hemodynamics in the first trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;14:169-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Włoch A, Rozmus-Warcholinska W, 1Czuba B, et al. Doppler study of the embryonic heart in normal pregnant women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2007;20:533-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sklansky M. Advances in fetal cardiac imaging. Pediatr Cardiol 2004;25(3):307-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash K, Li X, Hejmadi A, et al. Determination of asymmetric cavity volumes using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: an in vitro balloon model study. Echocardiography 2004;21(3):257-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goncalves LF, Lee W, Espinoza J, Romero R. Examination of the fetal heart by four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound with spacio-temproal image correlation (STIC). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006;27:336-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messing B, Cohen M, Valsky DV, et al. Fetal cardiac ventricle volumetry in the second half of gestation assessed by 4D ultrasound using STIC combined with inversion mode. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007;30:142-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinals F, Ascenzo R, Naveas R, et al. Fetal echocardiography at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks using four-dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation telemedicine via an Internet link:a pilot study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008;31:633-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araujo Junior E, de Bussamra LC, Barros FS, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of Ebsteins anomaly using STIC and inversion mode. Arch Gynecol Obstetr 2008;278:387-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpe P, Camposbasso G, De Robertis V, et al. 2 and 4-dimensional echocardiography with B-flow imaging and STIC in prenatal diagnosis of isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol 2007;30:830-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paladini D, Volpe P, Sglavo G, et al. Transposition of the great arteries in the fetus:assessment of the spatial relationships of the arterial trunks by four-dimensional echocardiography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008;31:271-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guimaraes Filho HA, da Costa LL, Araujo Junior E, et al. Comparison of 2 and 3-dimensional ultrasonography in the evaluation of fetal heart:image quality and time spent in the exam. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2007;276:231-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rein AJJT, O'Donnell CO, Geva T, et al. Use of tissue velocity imaging in the diagnosis of fetal cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation 2002;106:1827-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner HM, Pasquini L, Wolfenden J, et al. Myocardial tissue Doppler and long axis function in the fetal heart. Int J Cardiol 2006;113(1):39-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manganaro L, Savelli S, Di Maurizio M, et al. Potential role of fetal cardiac evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary experience. Prenat Diagn 2008;28(2):148-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg MK, Silverman NH, Anita Moon-Grady A, et al. The influence of maternal, fetal and health-care provider characteristics on low prenatal detection rates of congenital heart disease and postnatal course of affected infants: a multicenter study in Northern California. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007;20:586
   Google Scholar
• Montana E, Khoury MJ, Cragan JD, et al. Trends and outcomes after prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiac malformations by fetal echocardiography in a well defined birth population, Atlanta, Georgia, 1990-1994. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1805-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll C, Alemibik Y, Dott B, et al. Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Prenat Diagn 1998;18(8):801-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todros T, Faggiano F, Chiappa E, et al. Accuracy of routine ultrasonography in screening heart disease prenatally. Gruppo piemontese for prenatal screening of congenital heart disease. Prenat Diagn 1997;17(10):901-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeggi ET, Sholler GF, Jones OD, Cooper SG. Comparative analysis of pattern, management and outcome of pre-versus postnatally diagnosed major congenital heart disease; a population based study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;175:380-5
   Google Scholar
• Garne E, Stoll C, Clementi M. and the EUROSCAN Group. Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart diseases by ultrasound:experience from 20 European registries. Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol 2001;17:386-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromley B, Estroff JA, Sanders SP, et al. Fetal Echocardiography: accuracy and limitations in a population at high and low risk for heart defects. Am J Obstret Gynecol 1992;166:1473-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grembruch U. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Prenat Diagn 1997;17(13):1283-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter S, Heads A, Wylie J, Robson S. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease in the northern region of England. Benefits of a training program for obstretric ultrasonographers. Heart 2000;84:294-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Practice Guidelines for the Performance of an Antepartum Obstetric Ultrasound Examination. J Ultrasound Med 2003;22(10):1116-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achiron R, Glaser J, Gelernter I, et al. Extended fetal echocardiographic examination for detecting cardiac malformations in low risk pregnancies. BMJ 1992;304(6828):671-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bull C. Current and potential Impact of fetal diagnosis on prevalence and spectrum of serious congenital heart disease at term in the UK. Lancet 1999;354;1242-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk JS, Riggs TW, Comstock CH, et al. Prenatal screening for cardiac anomalies: the value of routine addition of the aortic root to the four chamber view. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84(3):427-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar