Effects of surface active elements on weld pool formation using TIG arcs

References

• Tanaka M: ‘Facilitating mechanisms of penetration by activating flux during TIG welding’. J Jpn Weld Soc 2002 71 95 –99.
   Google Scholar
• Okazaki and Okaniwa: ‘Practical aspects of active flux TIG welding’. J Jpn Weld Soc 2002 71 100 –103.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas W et al : ‘A-TIG flux for increasing the performance and productivity of welding processes’. IIW Doc XII 1996 1448–96.
   Google Scholar
• Howse D S and Lucas W: ‘Investigation into arc constriction by active fluxes for tungsten inert gas welding’. Sci & Tech Welding & Joining 2000 5 189 –193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonik A G et al : ‘The effect of contraction of the arc discharge upon the introduction of electro-negative elements’. Svar Proiz 1976 3 49 –51.
   Google Scholar
• Savitski M M and Leskov G I: ‘The mechanism of the effects of electrically-negative elements on the penetrating power of an arc with a tungsten cathode’. Avt Svarka 1980 9 17 –22.
   Google Scholar
• Middel W and den Ouden G: ‘Additive assisted through the arc sensing during gas tungsten arc welding’. Sci & Tech Welding & Joining 1999 4 335–339.
   Google Scholar
• Nogi et al : Special Issue ‘Development of highly efficient/reliable welding techniques by advancement of welding technology’. J Jpn weld Soc 2003 72 466 –484.
   Google Scholar
• Makara A M et al : ‘The effect of refining on the penetration of metal in arc welding’. Avt Svarka 1977 9 7 –10.
   Google Scholar
• Ohji et al : ‘Effects of microelements upon arc welding phenomena’. Q J Jpn Weld Soc 1990 8 54 –58.
   Google Scholar
• Heiple C R and Roper J R: ‘Effects of selenium on GTAW fusion zone geometry’. Weld J 1981 60 143s –145s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiple C R and Roper J R: ‘Mechanism for minor element effect on GTA fusion zone geometry’. Weld J 1982 61 97s –102s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu S et al : ‘Weld penetration and Marangoni convection with oxide fluxes in GTA welding’. Mater Trans 2002 43 2926 –2931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu S et al : ‘Effects of oxygen additions to argon shielding gas on GTA weld shape’. ISIJ Int 2003 43 1590 –1595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu S et al : ‘Weld shape comparison with iron oxide flux and Ar-O shielding gas in gas tungsten arc welding’. Sci & Tech of Welding & Joining 2004 9 272 –276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka M et al : ‘Effects of activating flux on arc phenomena in gas tungsten arc welding’. Sci & Tech Welding & Joining 2000 5 397 –402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka M et al : ‘Numerical study of a free–burning argon arc with anode melting’. Plasma Chem & Plasma Process 2003 23 585 –606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ushio M et al : ‘Anode melting from free-burning argon arcs’. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 2004 32 108 –117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka M et al : ‘Numerical study of gas tungsten arc plasma with anode melting’. Vacuum 2004 73 381 –389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka M: ‘Fundamental phenomena of arc plasma’. J Jpn weld Soc 2004 73 113 –118.
   Google Scholar
• Hirata et al : ‘Modelling of weld pool convection phenomena’. Q J Jpn Weld Soc 2000 18 540 –548.
   Google Scholar
• Matsunawa : ‘The Marangoni effect in arc welding’. Materia 1995 34 412 –419.
   Google Scholar
• Lowke J J: ‘Simple theory of free-burning arcs’. J Phys D Appl Phys 1979 12 1873 –1886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizuno H et al : ‘Visualisation and measurement of molten metal behaviour in GTAW’. IIW Doc 2003 212–1041–03.
   Google Scholar