SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL GENETIC STRUCTURE OF WILD EMMER WHEAT IN JORDAN. II. HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENINS AND ALLOZYMES

References

• Hamrick, J.L. 1987. Gene flow and distribution of genetic variation in plant populations. In: Urbanska, K., ed. Differentiation patterns in higher plants. Academic Press, New York, pp. 5367.
   Google Scholar
• Horovitz, A. and Feldman, M. 1991. Evaluation of the wild wheat study at Ammiad. Isr. J. Bot. 40: 501508.
   Google Scholar
• Nei, M. 1987. Molecular evolutionary genetics. Columbia University Press. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, A.D.H. and Clegg, M.T. 1983. Isozyme assessment of plant genetic resources. In: Rattazzi, M.C., Scandalios, J.G., and Whitt, G.S., eds. Isozymes: current topics in biological and medical research. Vol. 11. Medical and other applications. Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 285295.
   Google Scholar
• Ciaffi, M., Lafiandra, D., Porceddu, E., and Benedettelli, S. 1993a. Storage protein variation in wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) from Jordan and Turkey. I. Electrophoretic characterization of genotypes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86: 474480.
   Google Scholar
• StatSoft. 1998. STATISTICA for Windows. Vol. I & II. 2nd Ed. Tulsa, OK.
   Google Scholar
• Marshal, D.R. and Brown, A.H.D. 1975. Optimum sampling strategies in genetic conservation. In: Frankel, O.H. and Hawkes, J.G., eds. Crop genetic resources for today and tomorrow. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 5370.
   Google Scholar
• Gepts, P. 1990. Genetic diversity of seed storage proteins in plants. In: Brown, A.H.D., Clegg, M.T., Kahler, A.L., and Weir, B.S., eds. Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources. Sinauer Associates Inc. Sunderland, MA, pp. 6482.
   Google Scholar
• Loveless, M.D. and Hamrick, J.L. 1984. Ecological determinants of genetic structure in plant populations. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 15: 6595.
   Google Scholar
• Galili, G. and Feldman, M. 1983. Genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat. I. The use of high resolution onedimensional gel electrophoresis for the allocation of genes coding for endosperm protein subunits in the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring. Theor. Appl. Genet. 64: 97101.
   Google Scholar
• Heywood, J.S. 1991. Spatial analysis of genetic variation in plant populations. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22: 335355.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E., Beiles, A., Gutterman, Y., Storch, N., and Kaplan, D. 1984. Genetic resources of wild cereals in Israel and vicinity. I. Phenotypic variation within and between populations of wild wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. Euphytica 33: 717735.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E., Pagnotta, M.A., Beiles, A., and Porceddu, E. 1995. Wheat storage proteins: glutenin diversity in wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel and Turkey. 3. Environmental correlates and allozymic associations. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91: 415420.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, S. 1965. The interpretation of population structure by Fstatistics with special regard to systems of mating. Evolution 19: 395420.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E. 1987. Plant genetic resources: prediction by isozyme markers and ecology. In: Rattazi, M.C., Scandalios, J.G., and White, G.S., eds. Isozymes: current topics in biological and medical research. Vol. 16. Agriculture, physiology and medicine. Alan R. Liss, New York. pp. 247267.
   Google Scholar
• Roger, A.R. and Harpending, H. 1992. Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9: 552569.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E., Beiles, A., and Krugman, T. 1988a. Natural selection of allozyme polymorphisms: a microgeographical differentiation in wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides). Theor. Appl. Genet. 75: 529538.
   Google Scholar
• Pagnotta, M.A., Nevo, E., Beiles, A., and Porceddu, A. 1995a. Wheat storage proteins: glutenin diversity in wild emmer, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel and Turkey. 2. DNA diversity detected by PCR. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91: 409414.
   Google Scholar
• Epperson, B.K. 1990. Spatial patterns of genetic variation within plant populations. In: Brown, A.H.D., Clegg, M.T., Kahler, A.L., and Weir, B.S., eds. Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources. Sinauer Associates Inc. Sunderland, MA, USA, pp. 229253.
   Google Scholar
• Whitlock, M.C. 1992. Temporal fluctuations in demographic parameters and the genetic variance among populations. Evolution 46: 608615.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, A.A., Galili, G., and Feldman, M. 1988. Polymorpphism and genetic control of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in wild tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides. Heredity 61: 6372.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, D.R. and Allard, R.A. 1970. Isozyme polymorphisms in natural populations of Avena fatua and Avena barbata. Heredity 25: 373382.
   Google Scholar
• Levin, D.A. 1978. Some genetic consequences of being a plant. In: Brussard, P.F., ed. Ecological genetics: the interface. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 189212.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, A.A. and Feldman, M. 1989. Intra- and interpopulation variations in grain protein percentage in wild tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides. Euphytica. 42: 251258.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, A.A. and Zaykin, D. 1999. Genetic data analysis: Computer program for the analysis of allelic data. Version 1.2 {d2I}. http://chee.unm.edu/gda/
   Google Scholar
• Nei, M. 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70: 33213323.
   Google Scholar
• Golenberg, E.M. 1989. Migration patterns and development of multilocus associations in a selfing annual, Triticum dicoccoides. Evolution 43: 595606.
   Google Scholar
• Slatkin, M. 1985. Rare alleles as indicators of gene flow. Evolution 39: 5365.
   Google Scholar
• Allard, R.W., Jain, S.K., and Workman, P.L. 1968. The genetics of inbreeding populations. Adv. Genet. 14: 257275.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E. and Beiles, A. 1989. Genetic diversity of wild emmer wheat in Israel and Turkey: structure, evolution and application in breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 77: 421455.
   Google Scholar
• Weir, B.S. 1996. Genetic data analysis II. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E., Golenberg, E.M., Beiles, A., Brown, H.D., and Zohary, D. 1982. Genetic diversity and environmental associations of wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides in Israel. Theor. Appl. Genet. 62: 241254.
   Google Scholar
• Pagnotta, M.A., Nevo, E., Beiles, A., and Porceddu, A. 1995b. Wheat storage proteins: glutenin diversity in wild emmer, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel and Turkey. 3. Environmental correlates and allozymic association. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91: 415420.
   Google Scholar
• Whitkus, R. 1985. FORTRAN program for computing genetic statistics from allelic frequency data. J. Heredity 76: 142.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E., Noy-Meir, I., Beiles, A., Krugman, T., and Agami, M. 1991. Natural selection of allozyme polymorphisms: microgeographical spatial and temporal ecological differentiations in wild emmer wheat. Isr. J. Bot. 40: 419 449.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, M.W. and Maurer, T.A. 1997. Does diversity beget diversity? A case study of crops and weeds. J. Veget. Sci. 8: 235240.
   Google Scholar
• Nei, M. and Chesser, R.K. 1983. Estimation of fixation indices and gene diversities. Ann. Hum. Genet. 47: 253259.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E. and Payne, P.I. 1987. Wheat storage proteins: diversity of HMW glutenin subunits in wild emmer wheat from Israel. 1. Geographical patterns and ecological predictability. Theor. Appl. Genet. 74: 827836.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E., Beiles, A., Storch, N., Doll, H., and Anderson, B. 1983. Microgeographic edaphic differentiation in hordein polymorphisms of wild barley. Theor. Appl. Genet. 64: 123132.
   Google Scholar
• For, S.A. and Guttman, S.I. 1995. Spatial and temporal genetic structure of Asclepias verticillata (whoorled milkweed) among prairie patches in a forested landscape. Can. J. Bot. 74: 12891297.
   Google Scholar
• Golenberg, E.M. and Nevo, E. 1987. Multilocus differentiation and population structure in a selfer, wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. Heredity 58: 451456.
   Google Scholar
• Karlin, S. 1982. Classifications of selectionmigration structures and conditions for a protected polymorphism. Evol. Biol. 14: 61204.
   Google Scholar
• Jaradat, A.A. and Humeid, B.O. 1990. Morphological variation in wild Triticum dicoccoides from Jordan. In: Srivastava, J.P. and Damania, A.B., eds. Wheat genetic resources: meeting diverse needs. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, pp. 215222.
   Google Scholar
• Karlin, S. 1979. Principles of polymorphisms and epistasis of multilocus systems. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 541 545.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E., Beiles, A., and Krugman, T. 1988b. Natural selection of allozyme polymorphisms: a microgeographical differentiation by edaphic, topographical and temporal factors in wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides). Theor. Appl. Genet. 76: 737752.
   Google Scholar
• Zar, J.H. 1996. Biostatistical analysis. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
   Google Scholar
• Ellstrand, N. and Elam, D.R. 1993. Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24: 217242.
   Google Scholar
• Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1995. Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Nevo, E. 1983. Adaptive significance of protein variation. In: Oxford, G.S. and Rollinson, D., eds. Protein polymorphism: adaptive and taxonomic significance. Academic Press, London. pp. 239282.
   Google Scholar
• Broyles, S.B. and Wyatt, R. 1993. Allozyme diversity and genetic structure in Southern Appalachian populations of poke milkweed, Asclepias exaltata. Systematic Botany 18: 1830.
   Google Scholar
• Ciaffi, M., Lafiandra, D., Porceddu, E., and Benedettelli, S. 1993b. Storage protein variation in wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) from Jordan and Turkey. II. Patterns of allele distribution. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86: 518525.
   Google Scholar
• Hamrick, J.L. and Godt, M.J.W. 1990. Allozyme diversity in plant species. In: Brown, A.H.D., Clegg, M T., Kahler, A.L., and Weir, B.S., eds. Plant population genetics, breeding and genetic resources. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, pp. 4363.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, A.A. and Feldman, M. 1988. Ecogeographical distribution of HMW glutenin alleles in populations of the wild tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75: 651658.
   Google Scholar
• Felsenburg, T., Levy, A.A., Galili, G., and Feldman, M. 1991. Polymorphism of highmolecularweight glutenins in wild tetraploid wheat: spatial and temporal variation in a native site. Isr. J. Bot. 40: 451479.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, S.C.H. and Kohen, J.R. 1991.Genetic and evolutionary consequences of small population size. In: Falk, D.A. and Holsinger, K.E., eds. Genetics and conservation of rare plants. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 330.
   Google Scholar
• Jaradat, A.A. 2001. Spatial and temporal genetic structure of wild emmer wheat in Jordan. I. Phenotypic traits. Isr. J. Plant Sci. Suppl. 49: S-53S-64, this issue.
   Google Scholar
• Templeton, A.R. and Levin, D.A. 1979. Evolutionary consequences of seed pools. Am. Natur. 114: 232249.
   Google Scholar
• Zang, Q. and Allard, R.W. 1986. Sampling variance of the genetic diversity index. J. Hered. 77: 5455.
   Google Scholar