Digestive Organ Size and Behavior of Red Knots (Calidris Canutus) Indicate the Quality of Their Benthic Food Stocks

References

• Audet, B., Levesque, E., Gauthier, G. 2007. Seasonal variation in plant nutritive quality for greater snow goose goslings in mesic tundra. Canadian Journal of Botany 85: 457-462.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, A. J., Gonzalez, P. M., Piersma, T., Niles, L. J., de Lima Serrano do Nascimento, I., Atkinson, P. W., Clark, N. A., Minton, C. D. T., Peck, M. K., Aarts, G. 2004. Rapid population decline in red knots: fitness consequences of decreased refuelling rates and late arrival in Delaware Bay. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 271: 875-882.
   Google Scholar
• Battley, P. F., Piersma, T. 2005. Adaptive interplay between feeding ecology and features of the digestive tract in birds. In: Starck, J. M., Wang, T., eds. Physiological and ecological adaptations to feeding in vertebrates. Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, pp. 201-228.
   Google Scholar
• Beukema, J. J. 1982. Annual variation in reproductive success and biomass of the major macrozoobenthic species living in a tidal flat area of the Wadden Sea. Journal of Sea Research 16: 37-45.
   Google Scholar
• Beukema, J. J., Essink, K., Michaelis, H., Zwarts, L. 1993. Year-to-year variability in the biomass of macrobenthic animals on tidal flats of the Wadden Sea—how predictable is this food source for birds. Journal of Sea Research 31: 319-330.
   Google Scholar
• Piersma, T., Koolhaas, A., Dekinga, A., Beukema, J. J., Dekker, R., Essink, K. 2001. Long-term indirect effects of mechanical cockle dredging on intertidal bivalve stocks in the Wadden Sea. Journal of Applied Ecology 38: 976-990.
   Google Scholar
• Piersma, T., Dekinga, A., Van Gils, J. A., Achterkamp, B., Visser, G. H. 2003. Cost-benefit analysis of mollusc-eating in a shorebird. I. Foraging and processing costs estimated by the doubly labelled water method. Journal of Experimental Biology 206: 3361-3368.
   Google Scholar
• Prop, J., Vulink, T. 1992. Digestion by barnacle geese in the annual cycle: the interplay between retention time and food quality. Functional Ecology 6: 180-189.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, R. A., Villalba, J. J., Provenza, F. D. 2006. Resource availability and quality influence patterns of diet mixing by sheep. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32: 1267-1278.
   Google Scholar
• Starck, J. M., Beese, K. 2001. Structural flexibility of the intestine of Burmese phyton in response to feeding. Journal of Experimental Biology 204: 325-335.
   Google Scholar
• Swart, J. A. A., Van Andel, J. 2008. Rethinking the interface between ecology and society. The case of the cockle controversy in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 82-90.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Graaf, A. J., Stahl, J., Veen, G. F., Havinga, R. M., Drent, R. H. 2007. Patch choice of avian herbivores along a migration trajectory—from temperate to arctic. Basic and Applied Ecology 8: 354-363.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gils, J., Piersma, T. 1999. Day- and nighttime movements of radiomarked knots, Calidris canutus, staging in the western Wadden Sea in July-August 1995. Wader Study Group Bulletin 89: 36-44.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gils, J. A., Piersma, T., Dekinga, A., Dietz, M. W. 2003. Cost-benefit analysis of mollusceating in a shorebird. II. Optimizing gizzard size in the face of seasonal demands. Journal of Experimental Biology 206: 3369-3380.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gils, J. A., Battley, P. F., Piersma, T., Drent, R. 2005a. Reinterpretation of gizzard sizes of red knots world-wide emphasises overriding importance of prey quality at migratory stopover sites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 272: 2609-2618.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gils, J. A., De Rooij, S. R., Van Belle, J., Van der Meer, J., Dekinga, A., Piersma, T., Drent. R. 2005b. Digestive bottleneck affects foraging decisions in red knots Calidris canutus. I. Prey choice. Journal of Animal Ecology 74: 105-119.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gils, J. A., Dekinga, A., Spaans, B., Vahl, W. K., Piersma, T. 2005c. Digestive bottleneck affects foraging decisions in red knots Calidris canutus. II. Patch choice and length of working day. Journal of Animal Ecology 74: 120-130.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gils, J. A., Piersma, T., Dekinga, A., Battley, P. F. 2006a. Modelling phenotypic flexibility: an optimality analysis of gizzard size in red knots (Calidris canutus). Ardea 94: 409-420.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gils, J. A., Piersma, T., Dekinga, A., Spaans, B., Kraan, C. 2006b. Shellfish dredging pushes a flexible avian top predator out of a marine protected area. PLoS Biology 4: 2399-2404.
   Google Scholar
• Van Gils, J. A., Spaans, B., Dekinga, A., Piersma, T. 2006c. Foraging in a tidally structured environment by red knots (Calidris canutus): ideal, but not free. Ecology 7: 1189-1202.
   Google Scholar
• Van Roomen, M., Van Turnhout, C., Van Winden, E., Koks, B., Goedhart, P., Leopold, M., Smit, C. 2005. Trends in benthivorous waterbirds in the Dutch Wadden Sea 1975-2002: large differences between shellfish-eaters and worm-eaters. Limosa 78: 21-38.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, T., Ens, B. J., Houston, A. I. 1998. Optimal avian migration: a dynamic model of nutrient stores and site use. Evolutionary Ecology 12: 377-401.
   Google Scholar
• Wiersma, P., Piersma, T. 1994. Effects of microhabitat, flocking, climate and migratory goal on energy-expenditure in the annual cycle of red knots. Condor 96: 257-279.
   Google Scholar
• Zwarts, L., Wanink, J. H. 1993. How the food supply harvestable by waders in the Wadden Sea depends on the variation in energy density, body weight, biomass, burying depth and behaviour of tidal-flat invertebrates. Journal of Sea Research 31: 441-476.
   Google Scholar
• Zwarts, L., Blomert, A.-M., Wanink, J. H. 1992. Annual and seasonal variation in the food supply harvestable by knot Calidris canutus staging in the Wadden Sea in late summer. Marine Ecology—Progress Series 83: 129-139.
   Google Scholar
• Buehler, D. M., Piersma, T. 2008. Travelling on a budget: predictions and ecological evidence for bottlenecks in the annual cycle of long-distance migrants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 363: 247-266.
   Google Scholar
• Codron, D., Lee-Thorp, J. A., Sponheimer, M., Codron, J., De Ruiter, D., Brink, J. S. 2007. Significance of diet type and diet quality for ecological diversity of African ungulates. Journal of Animal Ecology 76: 526-537.
   Google Scholar
• De Leeuw, J. J. 1999. Food intake rates and habitat segregation of tufted duck Aythya fuligula and scaup Aythya marila exploiting zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha.Ardea 87: 15-31.
   Google Scholar
• Dekinga, A., Piersma, T. 1993. Reconstructing diet composition on the basis of faeces in a mollusc-eating wader, the knot Calidris canutus.Bird Study 40: 144-156.
   Google Scholar
• Dekinga, A., Dietz, M. W., Koolhaas, A., Piersma, T. 2001. Time course and reversibility of changes in the gizzards of red knots alternatively eating hard and soft food. Journal of Experimental Biology 204: 2167-2173.
   Google Scholar
• Dekker, R., Beukema, J. J. 2007. Long-term and large-scale variability in productivity of the tellinid bivalve Macoma balthica on Wadden Sea tidal flats. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 337: 117-134.
   Google Scholar
• Dietz, M. W., Dekinga, A., Piersma, T., Verhulst, S. 1999. Estimating organ size in small migrating shorebirds with ultrasonography: an intercalibration exercise. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72: 28-37.
   Google Scholar
• Dietz, M. W., Piersma, T., Hedenström, A., Brugge, M. 2007. Intraspecific variation in avian pectoral muscle mass: constraints on maintaining manoeuvrability with increasing body mass. Functional Ecology 21: 317-326.
   Google Scholar
• Durant, D., Kersten, M., Fritz, H., Juin, H., Lila, M. 2006. Constraints of feeding on Salicornia ramosissima by wigeon Anas penelope: an experimental approach. Journal of Ornithology 147: 1-12.
   Google Scholar
• Guillemain, M., Fritz, H., Duncan, P. 2002. Foraging strategies of granivorous dabbling ducks wintering in protected areas of the French Atlantic coast. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 1721-1732.
   Google Scholar
• Guillemette, M. 1998. The effect of time and digestion constraints in Common Eiders while feeding and diving over Blue Mussel beds. Functional Ecology 12: 123-131.
   Google Scholar
• Hammond, K. A., Diamond, J. 1992. An experimental test for a ceiling on sustained metabolic rate in lactating mice. Physiological Zoology 65: 952-977.
   Google Scholar
• Hilton, G. M., Cresswell, W., Ruxton, G. D. 1999. Intraflock variation in the speed of escape-flight response on attack by an avian predator. Behavioral Ecology 10: 391-395.
   Google Scholar
• Holling, C. S. 1959. Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. Canadian Entomologist 91: 385-398.
   Google Scholar
• Jeschke, J. M. 2007. When carnivores are "full and lazy". Oecologia 152: 357-364.
   Google Scholar
• Jeschke, J. M., Kopp, M., Tollrian, R. 2002. Predator functional responses: discriminating between handling and digesting prey. Ecological Monographs 72: 95-112.
   Google Scholar
• Karasov, W. H., Hume, I. D. 1997. Vertebrate gastrointestinal system. In: Dantzler, W., ed. Handbook of comparative physiology. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Md., pp. 407-480.
   Google Scholar
• Kraan, C., Piersma, T., Dekinga, A., Koolhaas, A., van der Meer, J. 2007. Dredging for edible cockles Cerastoderma edule on intertidal flats: short-term consequences of fishermen's patchchoice decisions for target and non-target benthic fauna. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64: 1735-1742.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K. A., Karasov, W. H., Caviedes-Vidal, E. 2002. Digestive response to restricted feeding in migratory yellow-rumped warblers. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 75: 314-323.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, T. L., Esler, D., Boyd, W. S. 2006. Effects of predation by sea ducks on clam abundance in soft-bottom intertidal habitats. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 329: 131-144.
   Google Scholar
• Lind, J. 2004. What determines probability of surviving predator attacks in bird migration? The relative importance of vigilance and fuel load. Journal of Theoretical Biology 231: 223-227.
   Google Scholar
• McWilliams, S. R., Karasov, W. H. 2001. Phenotypic flexibility in digestive system structure and function in migratory birds and its ecological significance. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 128: 579-593.
   Google Scholar
• McWilliams, S. R., Karasov, W. H. 2005. Migration takes guts: digestive physiology of migratory birds and its ecological significance. In: Marra, P., Greenberg, R., eds. Birds of two worlds. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 67-78.
   Google Scholar
• McWorther, T. J., Martinez del Rio, C. 2000. Does gut function limit humming bird food intake? Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73: 313-324.
   Google Scholar
• Munn, A. J., Dawson, T. J. 2006. Forage fibre digestion, rates of feed passage and gut fill in juvenile and adult red kangeroos (Macropus rufus Desmarest): why body size matters. Journal of Experimental Biology 209: 1535-1547.
   Google Scholar
• Nehls, G. 1989. Occurrence and food-consumption of the common eider, Somateria mollissima, in the Wadden Sea of Schleswig-Holstein. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen 43: 385-393.
   Google Scholar
• Piersma, T. 1994. Close to the edge: energetic bottlenecks and the evolution of migratory pathways in knots. Uitgeverij Het Open Boek, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Piersma, T., Davidson, N. C. 1992. The migrations and annual cycles of five subspecies of Knots in perspective. Wader Study Group Bulletin 64: 187-197.
   Google Scholar
• Piersma, T., Lindström, Å. 1997. Rapid reversible changes in organ size as a component of adaptive behaviour. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12: 134-138.
   Google Scholar
• Piersma, T., Koolhaas, A., Dekinga, A. 1993. Interactions between stomach structure and diet choice in shorebirds. Auk 110: 552-564.
   Google Scholar
• Piersma, T., Van Aelst, R., Kurk, K., Berkhoudt, H., Maas, L. R. M. 1998. A new pressure sensory mechanism for prey detection in birds: the use of principles of seabed dynamics? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 265: 1377-1383.
   Google Scholar
• Piersma, T., Gudmundsson, G. A., Lilliendahl, K. 1999. Rapid changes in the size of different functional organ and muscle groups during refueling in a long-distance migrating shorebird. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 72:405-415.
   Google Scholar