39
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Wildfire Heterogeneity: Empirical vs. Simulated Observations—The Carmel 2010 Wildfire as a Case Study

Pages 165-176 | Published online: 14 May 2013

References

  • Andrews P. L., Rothermel, R. C. 1982. Charts for interpreting wildland fire behavior characteristics. General Technical Report INT-131. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT. 21 pp.
  • Arca, B., Duce, P., Laconi, M., Pellizzaro, G., Salis, M., Spano, D. 2007. Evaluation of FARSITE simulator in Mediterranean maquis. Int. J. Wildland Fire 16: 563-572.
  • Baeza, M. J., De Luis, M., Raventos, J., Escarre, A. 2002. Factors influencing fire behavior in shrublands of different stand ages and the implications for using prescribed burning to reduce wildfire risk. J. Environ. Manage. 65: 199-208.
  • Carmel, Y., Paz, S., Jahashan, F., Shoshany, M. 2009. Assessing fire risk using Monte Carlo simulations of fire spread. Forest Ecol. Manage. 257: 370-377.
  • Chuvieco, E., Aguado, I., Dimitrakopoulos, A. P. 2004. Conversion of fuel moisture content values to ignition potential for integrated fire danger assessment. Can. J. For. Res. 34: 2284-2293.
  • Cohen, J. 1968. Weighed kappa: Nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol. Bull. 70: 213-220.
  • Countryman, C. M. 1972. The fire environment concept. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA, 12 pp.
  • Dimitrakopoulos A. P., Papaioannou, K. K. 2001. Flammability assessment of Mediterranean forest fuels. Fire Technol. 37: 143-152.
  • Donato, D. C., Fontaine, J. B., Robinson, W. D., Kauffman, J. B., Law, B. E. 2009. Vegetation response to short interval between high-severity wildfires in a mixed-evergreen forest. J. Ecol. 97: 142-154.
  • Duguy, B., Alloza, J. A., Roder, A., Vallejo, R., Pastor, F. 2007. Modelling the effects of landscape fuel treatments on fire growth and behaviour in a Mediterranean landscape (eastern Spain). Int. J. Wildland Fire 16: 619-632.
  • Finney, M. A. 1998. FARSITE: fire area simulator—model development and evaluation. Research Paper RMRS-RP-4. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Ogden, UT, 47 pp.
  • Forman, R. T. T. 1995 Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landscape Ecol. 10: 133-142.
  • Gorski, C. J., Farnsworth, A. 2000. Fire weather and smoke management. In: Whiteman, C. D., ed. Mountain meteorology fundamentals and applications. Oxford Univ. Press, NY.
  • Jordán, A., Martínez-Zavala, L., Bellinfante, N. 2008. Heterogeneity in soil hydrological response from different land cover types in southern Spain. Catena 74: 137-143.
  • Kutiel, H. 2012. Weather conditions and forest fire propagation—the case of the Carmel fire of December 2010. Isr. J. Ecol. Evol. 58: 113-122 (this issue).
  • Kutiel, P., Lavee, H., Segev, M., Benyamini, Y., Poesen, J. 1995. The effect of fire-induced surface heterogeneity on rainfall-runoff-erosion relationships in an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem, Israel. Catena 25: 77-87.
  • Lahav, H., 1983. Vegetation units map for Mount Carmel. Nature & National Parks Authority, Jerusalem.
  • Lawson, B. D., Armitage, O. B. 2008. Weather guide for the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System. Nat. Resour. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For. Cent., Edmonton, AB.
  • Lentile L. B., Holde, Z. A., Smith, A. M. S., Falkowski, M. J., Hudak, A. T., Morgan, P., Lewis, S. A., Gessler, P. E., Benson, N. C. 2006. Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects. Int. J. Wildland Fire 15: 319-345.
  • Lopes, A. G., Sousa, C. M., Viegas, D. X. 1995 Numerical simulation of turbulent flow and fire propagation in complex topography. Numerical Heat Transfer A27: 229-253.
  • Malkinson, D., Wittenberg, L., Beeri, O., Barzilai, R. 2011. Effects of repeated fires on the structure, composition, and dynamics of Mediterranean maquis: Short-and long-term perspectives. Ecosystems 14: 478-488.
  • Moody, J. A., Martin, D. A., Haire, S. L., Kinner, D. A. 2008. Linking runoff response to burn severity after a wildfire. Hydrological Processes 22: 2063-2074.
  • Moritz, M. A., Morais, M. E., Summerell, L. A., Carlson, J. M., Doyle, J. 2005. Wildfires, complexity, and highly optimized tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 17912-17917.
  • Pierson, F. B., Carlson, D. H., Spaeth, K. E. 2002. Impacts of wildfire on soil hydrological properties of steep sagebrush-steppe rangeland. Int. J. Wildland Fire 11: 145-151.
  • Pyne, S. J., Andrews, P. L., Laven, R. D. 1996. Introduction to wildland fire. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, NY.
  • Rothermel, R. C. 1985. Fire behavior consideration of aerial ignition. Prescribed fire by aerial ignition. Intermountain Fire Council: 143-158.
  • Scott, J., Burgan, R. 2005. Standard fire behavior fuel models: a comprehensive set for use with Rothermel's Surface Fire Spread Model. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 72 pp.
  • Sharples, J J., McRae, R. H. D., Weber, R. O.,Gill, A. M. 2009. A simple index for assessing fire danger rating. Environ. Model. Softw. 24: 764-774.
  • Španjol, Z., Rosavec, R., Barčić, D., Galić, I. 2011. Flammability and combustibility of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) stands. Croat. J. Forest Eng. 32: 121-129.
  • Stephens, S. L., D. L. Fry, and E. Franco-Vizcaíno 2008. Wildfire and spatial patterns in forests in northwestern Mexico: the United States wishes it had similar fire problems. Ecol. Soc. 13: 10. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art10/
  • van Wilgen, B. W., Higgins, K. B., Bellstedt, D. U. 1990. The role of vegetation structure and fuel chemistry in excluding fire from forest patches in the fire-prone Fynbos shrublands of South Africa. J. Ecol. 78: 210-222
  • Viera, A. J., Garrett, J. M. 2005. Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam. Med. 37: 360-363.
  • Wittenberg, L., Malkinson, D. 2009. Spatio-temporal perspectives of forest fire regimes in a maturing Mediterranean mixed pine landscape. Eur. J. For. Res. 128: 297-304.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.