Competition between honeybees (Apis mellifera) and native solitary bees in the Mediterranean region of Israel—Implications for conservation

References

• Begon, M., Harper, J. L., Townsend, C. R. 1986. Ecology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 1068 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Bertsch, A. 1987. Flowers as food sources and the cost of outcrossing. Ecol. Stud. 61: 277-293.
   Google Scholar
• Bosch, J., Retana, J., Cerdá, X. 1997. Flowering phenology, floral traits and pollinator composition in an herbaceous Mediterranean plant community. Oecologia 109: 583-591.
   Google Scholar
• Burd, M. 1994. Bateman's principle and plant reproduction: the role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set. Bot. Rev. 60: 39-83.
   Google Scholar
• Butz-Huryn, V. M. 1997. Ecological impacts of introduced honey bees. Q. Rev. Biol. 72: 275-296.
   Google Scholar
• Carothers, J. H., Jaksić, F. M. 1984. Time as a niche difference: the role of interference competition. Oikos 42: 403-406.
   Google Scholar
• Charnov, E. L. 1976. Optimal foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theor. Popul. Biol. 9: 129-36.
   Google Scholar
• Dafni, A., O'Toole, C. 1994. Pollination syndromes in the Mediterranean: generalizations and peculiarities. In: Arianoutsou, M., Groves, R., eds. Plant-animal interaction in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 125-135.
   Google Scholar
• Darwin, C. 1876. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. John Murray, London, 6th ed. (with additions and corrections), 548 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Forup, M. L., Memmott, J. 2005. The relationship between the abundances of bumblebees and honeybees in a native habitat. Ecol. Entomol. 30: 47-57.
   Google Scholar
• Goulson, D. 2003. Effects of introduced bees on native ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 34: 1-26.
   Google Scholar
• Goulson, D., Sparrow, K. R. 2009. Evidence for competition between honeybees and bumblebees; effects on bumblebee worker size. J. Insect Conserv. 13: 177-181.
   Google Scholar
• Hardin, G. 1960. The competitive exclusion principle. Science 131: 1292-1297
   Google Scholar
• Hingston, A. B., Marsden-Smedley, J., Fenton, J., Mowling, F., Corbet, S., Jenkin, M., Plowman, C., Ilowski, M., Febey, J., Poole, L., Bonham, K. J., Mcouillan, N. B., Driessen, M., Mallick, S. A., Fitzgerald, K. F., Kirkpatrick, J. B., Storey, D., Michaels, K. F., Russel, M. J., Black, P. G., Harwood, A. G., Grubert, D., Yaxley, B., Visoiu, M., Dunn, H., Hingston, P., Breen, S., Emmerson, L., Gates, S., Batich, M., Desmarchelier, J. M., Mooney, N., Reid, T. 2001. Extent of invasion of Tasmanian native vegetation by the exotic bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Apoidea: Apidae). Austr. Ecol. 27: 162-172.
   Google Scholar
• Israel Honey Council web site. http://www.honey.org.il/info/gidul/gidul-dvorim.htm
   Google Scholar
• Kato, M., Shibata, A., Yasui, T. 1999. Impact of introduced honeybees, Apis mellifera, upon native bee communities in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Res. Popul. Ecol. 41: 217-238.
   Google Scholar
• Kevan, P. G., Baker., H. G. 1983. Insects as flower visitors and pollinators. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 28: 407-453.
   Google Scholar
• Kremen, C., Williams, N. M., Thorp, R. W. 2002. Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99: 16812-16816.
   Google Scholar
• Kremen, C., Williams, N. M., Bugg, R. L., Fay, J. P., Thorp, R. W. 2004. The area requirements of an ecosystem service: crop pollination by native bee communities in California. Ecol. Lett. 7: 1109-1119.
   Google Scholar
• MacArthur, R. H., Pianka, E. R. 1966. On optimal use of a patchy environment. Am. Nat. 100: 603-608.
   Google Scholar
• Michener, C. H. D. 2000. The bees of the world. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
   Google Scholar
• Minckley, R. L., Cane, J. H., Kervin, L., Yanega, D. 2003. Biological impediments to measures of competition among introduced honeybees and desert bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 76: 306-319.
   Google Scholar
• Moritz, R. F. A., Härtel, S., Neumann, P. 2005. Global invasions of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) and the consequences for biodiversity. Ecoscience 12: 289-301.
   Google Scholar
• Myers, N. 1996. Environmental services of biodiversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93: 2764-2769.
   Google Scholar
• Osborne, J. L., Williams, I. H., Corbet, S. A. 1991. Bees, pollination and habitat change in the European community. Bee World 72: 99-116.
   Google Scholar
• O'Toole, C., Raw, A. 1991. Bees of the world. Blanford Press, London, 192 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Paini, D. R. 2004. Impact of the introduced honey bee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on native bees: a review. Austr. Ecol. 29: 399-407.
   Google Scholar
• Paini, D. R., Roberts, J. D. 2005. Commercial honey bees (Apis mellifera) reduce the fecundity of an Australian native bee (Hylaeus alcyoneus). Biol. Conserv. 123: 103-112.
   Google Scholar
• Paini, D. R., Williams, M. R., Roberts, J. D. 2005. No short-term impact of honey bees on the reproductive success of an Australian native bee. Apidologie 36: 613.
   Google Scholar
• Parrish, J. A. D., Bazzaz, F. A. 1979. Difference in pollination niche relationships in early and late successional plant communities. Ecology 60: 597-610.
   Google Scholar
• Pleasants, J. M., Zimerman, M. 1979. Patchiness in the dispersion of nectar recourses: evidence for hot and cold spot. Oecologia 41: 283-288.
   Google Scholar
• Potts, S. G., Vulliamy, B., Dafni, A., Ne'eman, G., Willmer, P. 2003. Linking bees and flowers: how do floral communities structure pollinator communities? Oikos 101: 103-112.
   Google Scholar
• Potts, S. G., Vulliamy, B., Roberts, S., O'Tool, C., Dafni, A., Ne'eman, G., Willmer, P. 2005. Role of nesting resources in organizing diverse bee communities in Mediterranean landscape. Ecol. Entomol. 30:78-85.
   Google Scholar
• Pyke, G. H. 1978. Optimal foraging: movement patterns of bumblebees between inflorescences. Theor. Popul. Biol. 13: 72-98.
   Google Scholar
• Pyke, G. H., Balzer, L. 1985. The effects of introduced honeybee on Australian native bees. New South Wales National Parks Wildlife Service Occasional Papers, 7 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Pyke, G. H., Pulliam, H. R., Charnov E. L. 1977. Optimal foraging: a selective review of theory and tests. Q. Rev. Biol. 52: 137-154.
   Google Scholar
• Real, L. A., Rathcke, B. 1988. Patterns of individual variability in floral resources. Ecology 69: 728-735.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, K. W., Kevan, P. G. 2002. Aspects of bee biodiversity, crop pollination, and conservation in Canada. In: Kevan, P. G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L., eds. Pollinating bees—the conservation link between agriculture and nature. Ministry of Environment, Brasilia, pp. 77-95.
   Google Scholar
• Roubik, D. W. 1978. Competitive interactions between neotropical pollinators and Africanized bees. Science 201: 1030-1032.
   Google Scholar
• Roubik, D. W. 1980. Foraging behavior of competing Africanized honeybees and stingless bees. Ecology 61: 836-845.
   Google Scholar
• Roubik, D. W., Wolda, H. 2001. Do competing honey bees matter? Dynamics and abundance of native bees before and after honey bee invasion. Popul. Ecol. 43: 53-62.
   Google Scholar
• Ruz, L. 2002. Bee pollinators introduced to Chile: a review. In: Kevan, P. G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L., eds. Pollinating bees—the conservation link between agriculture and nature. Ministry of Environment, Brasilia, pp. 155-167.
   Google Scholar
• Schaffer, W. M., Zeh, D. W., Buchmann S. L., Kleinhans S., Schffer, V. M., Antrim, M. J. 1983. Competition for nectar between introduced honey bees and native North American bees and ants. Ecology 64: 564-577.
   Google Scholar
• Shmida, A., Dukas, R. 1990. Progressive reduction in the mean body sizes of solitary bees active during the flowering season and its correlation with the sizes of bee flowers of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Isr. J. Bot. 39: 133-141.
   Google Scholar
• Steffan-Dewenter, I., Tscharntke, T. 2000. Resource overlap and possible competition between honey bees and wild bees in central Europe. Oecologia 122: 288-296.
   Google Scholar
• Sugden, E. A., Pyke, G. H. 1991. Effects of honeybees on colonies of Exoneura asimillima, an Australian native bee. Austr. Ecol. 16: 171-181.
   Google Scholar
• Sugden, E. A., Thorp, R. W., Buchmann, S. L. 1996. Honeybee-native bee competition: focal point for environmental changes and apicultural response in Australia. Bee World 77: 26-44.
   Google Scholar
• Tepedino, U., Levin, R., Donovan, J., Nabhan, G. P. 1996. Monitoring and assessing threats to rare and endangered plants, their pollinators and habitats. Forgotten Pollinators Campaign. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, AZ.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, D. 2004. Competitive interactions between the invasive European honey bee and native bumble bees. Ecology 85: 458-470.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, D. M. 2006. Detecting the effects of introduced species: a case study of competition between Apis and Bombus.Oikos 114: 407-418.
   Google Scholar
• Westerkamp, C., Gottsberger, G. 2002. The costly crop pollination crisis. In: Kevan, P. G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L., eds. Pollinating bees—the conservation link between agriculture and nature. Brasilia, DF. Brazil, pp. 51-56.
   Google Scholar
• Winston, M. L. 1991. The biology of the honey bee. Harvard University Press, Boston.
   Google Scholar