Effects of Fall-to-Winter Changes in Habitat and Frazil Ice on the Movements and Habitat Use of Juvenile Rainbow Trout in a Wyoming Tailwater

References

• Analytical Software. 1995 . STATISTIX 4.1 manual. , Tallahassee, Florida : Analytical Software .
   Google Scholar
• Bachman , R. A. 1984 . Foraging behavior of free-ranging wild and hatchery brown trout in a stream. . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 113 : 1 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltz , D. M. , Vondracek , B. , Brown , L. R. and Moyle , P. B. 1991 . Seasonal changes in microhabitat selection choice by fishes in a California stream. . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 120 : 166 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter , G. T. and Simon , J. R. 1970 . Wyoming fishes , Cheyenne : Wyoming Game and Fish Department . Bulletin 4
   Google Scholar
• Bendock , T. and Bringham , A. E. 1988 . Feasibility of estimating winter distribution and habitat preference for juvenile salmonids in the mainstem Keni River, Alaska, 1986–1987 , Fishery Data Series 38 Juneau : Alaska Department of Fish and Game .
   Google Scholar
• Bidgood , B. F. 1980 . Fish surgical procedure for implementation of radio tags in fish , Edmonton : Alberta Division of Fish and Game . Fisheries Research Report 20
   Google Scholar
• Braaten , P. J. and Annear , T. C. 1994 . Green River instream flow investigations, Sweetwater County , Cheyenne : Wyoming Game and Fish Department . Administrative Report IF-4494–07–9301
   Google Scholar
• Bray , T. J. 1996 . Changes in channel morphology and riparian mosaics on the Big Horn River, Wyoming , Master's thesis Laramie : University of Wyoming .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , R. S. and Mackay , W. C. 1995 . Fall and winter movements and habitat use by cutthroat trout in the Ram River, Alberta. . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 124 : 873 – 885 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan , T. J. and Somers , W. P. 1969 . “ Discharge measurements at gauging stations ” . In Techniques of water-resources investigations, book 3 , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Geological Survey .
   Google Scholar
• Calkins , D. J. 1993 . “ Physical effects of river ice ” . In Environmental aspects of river ice , Edited by: Prowse , T. D. and Gridley , N. C. 4 – 6 . Saskatoon, Saskatchewan : National Hydrology Research Institute . Science Report 5
   Google Scholar
• Carstens , T. 1966 . Experiments with supercooling and ice formation in flowing water. . Geofysiske Publikasjoner , 26 : 3 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Contor , C. R. 1989 . Diurnal and nocturnal winter habitat utilization by juvenile rainbow trout in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho , Master's thesis Pocatello : Idaho State University .
   Google Scholar
• Cunjak , R. A. and Power , G. 1986 . Winter habitat utilization by stream resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 43 : 1970 – 1981 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunjak , R. A. and Power , G. 1987 . The feeding and energetics of stream-resident trout in winter. . Journal of Fish Biology , 31 : 493 – 511 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon , N. D. , McMahon , T. A. and Finlayson , B. L. 1992 . Stream hydrology, an introduction for ecologists , Chichester, England : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Griffith , J. S. 1993 . “ Coldwater streams ” . In Inland fisheries management in North America , Edited by: Kohler , C. C. and Hubert , W. A. 405 – 423 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Griffith , J. S. and Smith , R. W. 1993 . Use of winter concealment cover by juvenile cutthroat and brown trout in the South Fork of the Snake River, Idaho. . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 113 : 823 – 830 .
   Google Scholar
• Griffith , J. S. and Smith , R. W. 1995 . Failure of submersed macrophytes to provide cover for rainbow trout throughout their first winter in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho. . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 15 : 42 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Heggenes , J. , Krog , O. M. , Lindas , O. R. , Dokk , J. G. and Bremnes , T. 1993 . Homeostatic behavioral responses in a changing environment: brown trout (Salmo trutta) become nocturnal during winter. . Journal of Animal Ecology , 62 : 295 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidinger , R. C. 1993 . “ Stocking for sport fisheries enhancement ” . In Inland fisheries management in North America , Edited by: Kohler , C. C. and Hubert , W. A. 309 – 330 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Helm , W. T. , Brouha , P. , Aceituno , M. , Armour , C. , Bisson , P. , Hall , J. , Holton , G. and Shaw , M. 1985 . “ Glossary of stream habitat terms ” . In Aquatic habitat inventory, glossary and standard methods , Edited by: Helm , W. T. 1 – 34 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society, Western Division, Habitat Inventory Committee .
   Google Scholar
• Hesthagen , T. 1988 . Movements of brown trout Salmo trutta, and juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in a coastal stream in northern Norway. . Journal of Fish Biology , 32 : 639 – 653 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden , P. B. 1979 . “ Ecology of riverine fishes in regulated streams with emphasis on the Colorado River ” . In The ecology of regulated streams , Edited by: Ward , J. V. and Stanford , J. A. 57 – 74 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hynes , H. B. 1976 . The ecology of running waters , Toronto, Ontario : University of Toronto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jakober , M. J. , McMahon , T. E. , Thurow , R. F. and Clancy , C. G. 1998 . Role of stream ice on fall and winter movements and habitat use by bull trout and cutthroat trout in Montana headwater streams. . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 127 : 223 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , K. M. 1994 . Loss of trout in side channels of the Green River below Fontenelle Dam during February, 1994 , Cheyenne : Wyoming Game and Fish Department . Administrative Report 4494–04–9401
   Google Scholar
• Knighton , D. 1984 . Fluvial forms and processes , London : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J. E. , White , G. C. , Garrot , R. A. , Bartmann , R. M. and Allredge , A. W. 1985 . Accessing accuracy of a radiotelemetry system for estimating animal locations. . Journal of Wildlife Management , 49 : 658 – 663 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maciolek , J. A. and Needham , P. R. 1952 . Ecological effect of winter conditions on trout and trout foods in Convict Creek, California, 1951. . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 81 : 202 – 217 .
   Google Scholar
• Needham , P. R. , Moffett , J. W. and Slater , D. W. 1945 . Fluctuations in wild brown trout populations in Convict Creek, California. . Journal of Wildlife Management , 9 : 9 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Needham , P. R. and Slater , D. W. 1944 . Survival of hatchery-reared brown trout and rainbow trout as affected by wild trout populations. . Journal of Wildlife Management , 8 : 22 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Nielson , R. S. , Riemers , N. and Kennedy , H. D. 1956 . A six-year study of the survival and vitality of hatchery-reared rainbow trout of catchable size in Convict Creek, California. . California Fish and Game , 42 : 5 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Riehle , M. D. and Griffith , J. S. 1993 . Changes in habitat utilization and feeding chronology of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in fall and onset of winter in Silver Creek, Idaho. . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 50 : 2119 – 2128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , M. J. and Kliener , C. E. 1982 . Shielded-needle technique for surgically implanting radio-frequency transmitters in fish. . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 44 : 41 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrader , W. C. and Griswold , R. G. 1992 . Winter habitat availability and utilization by juvenile cutthroat trout, brown trout, and mountain whitefish in the South Fork of the Snake River, Idaho , Boise : Idaho Department of Fish and Game . Final Report, Project 0-AG-10–10920
   Google Scholar
• Schunk , H. A. 1945 . Survival, population density, growth, and movement of the wild brown trout in Crystal Creek. . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 73 : 209 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard , J. D. and Johnson , J. H. 1985 . Probability-of-use for depth, velocity, and substrate by subyearling coho salmon and steelhead trout in Lake Ontario tributary streams. . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 5 : 277 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Simons , D. B. 1979 . “ Effects of stream regulation on channel morphology ” . In The ecology of regulated streams , Edited by: Ward , J. V. and Stanford , J. A. 95 – 111 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Simpkins , D. G. 1997 . Winter movements and habitat use by small rainbow trout in the Big Horn River, below Boysen Reservoir, Wyoming , Master's thesis Laramie : University of Wyoming .
   Google Scholar
• Simpkins , D. G. and Hubert , W. A. 1998 . A technique for estimating the accuracy of fish locations identified by radiotelemetry. . Journal of Freshwater Ecology , 13 : 263 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , J. J. and Li , H. W. 1983 . “ Energetic factors influencing foraging tactics of juvenile steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri. ” . In Predators and prey in fishes , Edited by: Noakes , D. , Lingquist , D. G. , Helfman , G. S. and Ward , J. A. 173 – 180 . The Hague, , Netherlands : Dr. Junk .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R. W. and Griffith , J. S. 1994 . Survival of rainbow trout during their first winter in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho. . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 123 : 747 – 756 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokal , R. R. and Rohlf , F. J. 1995 . Biometry: the principals and practice of statistics in biological research , New York : W. H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , J. V. and Stanford , J. A. 1979 . The ecology of regulated streams , New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weiland , M. A. and Hayward , R. S. 1997 . Cause for the decline of large rainbow trout in a tailwater fishery: too much putting or too much taking? . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 126 : 758 – 773 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley , D. 1995 . Development and evaluation of flushing flow recommendations for the Big Horn River , Master's thesis Laramie : University of Wyoming .
   Google Scholar
• Yekel , S. 1984 . A creel census survey of the upper Big Horn River, Hot Springs County, Wyoming, 1982 , Cheyenne : Wyoming Game and Fish Department . Administrative Report 22–005–09
   Google Scholar
• Yekel , S. 1990 . Upper Big Horn River creel census, a comparative analysis, 1982–1987 , Cheyenne : Wyoming Game and Fish Department . Administrative Report 22–005–09
   Google Scholar
• Yekel , S. 1994 . Upper Big Horn River (22UB) sub-area management plan , Cheyenne : Wyoming Game and Fish Department .
   Google Scholar