Subchronic Toxicity of Low Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations, Elevated pH, and Elevated Ammonia Concentrations to Lost River Suckers

References

• APHA (American Public Health Association), American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation . 1995 . Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, , 19th edition Washington, D.C. : APHA .
   Google Scholar
• Bellerud , B. and Saiki , M. K. 1995 . Tolerance of larval and juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers to high pH, ammonia concentration, and temperature, and to low dissolved oxygen concentration Dixon, California : National Biological Service, California Pacific Science Center, Dixon Field Station .
   Google Scholar
• Emerson , K. , Russo , R. C. , Lund , R. E. and Thurston , R. V. 1975 . Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations: effect of pH and temperature . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 32 : 2379 – 2383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falter , M. A. and Cech , J. J. Jr. 1991 . Maximum pH tolerance of three Klamath Basin fishes , Copeia 1991:1109–1111
   Google Scholar
• Freda , J. and McDonald , D. G. 1988 . Physiological correlates of interspecific variation in acid tolerance in fish . Journal of Experimental Biology , 136 : 243 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosell , M. , Brauner , C. , Kelly , S. P. , McGeer , J. C. , Bianchini , A. and Wood , C. M. 2002 . Physiological responses to acute silver exposure in the freshwater crayfish (Cambarus diogenes diogenes): a model invertebrate? , Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:369–374
   Google Scholar
• Kann , J. 1998 . Ecology and water quality dynamics of a shallow hypereutrophic lake dominated by cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) Doctoral dissertation. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
   Google Scholar
• Kann , J. and Smith , V. H. 1999 . Estimating the probability of exceeding elevated pH values critical to fish populations in a hypereutrophic lake . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 2262 – 2270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kann , J. and Walker , W. W. 1999 . Nutrient and hydrologic loading to Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 1991–1998 Klamath Falls, Oregon : Report to U.S. Bureau of Reclamation .
   Google Scholar
• Lease , H. M. 2000 . Histopathological changes in gills of Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) exposed to elevated ammonia and elevated pH Master's thesis. University of Wyoming, Laramie
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , P. A. , Klemm , D. J. , Lazorchak , J. M. , Norberg-King , T. J. , Peltier , W. H. and Heber , M. A. , eds. 1994 . Short-term methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater organisms, , 2nd edition , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Report 600-4-91-002 Ohio : Cincinnati .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , B. A. 1997 . Effects of ambient water quality on the endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon Master's thesis. Humboldt State University, Arcata, California
   Google Scholar
• Martin , B. A. and Saiki , M. K. 1999 . Effects of ambient water quality on the endangered Lost River sucker in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 128 : 953 – 961 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald , D. G. , McFarlane , W. J. and Milligan , C. L. 1998 . Anaerobic capacity and swim performance of juvenile salmonids . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 1198 – 1207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGeer , J. C. , Wright , P. A. , Wood , C. M. , Wilkie , M. P. , Mazur , C. F. and Iwama , G. K. 1994 . Nitrogen excretion in four species of fish from an alkaline lake . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 123 : 824 – 829 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. S. , Lease , H. M. and Bergman , H. L. 2000 . Chronic toxicity of low dissolved oxygen concentrations, elevated pH, and elevated ammonia concentrations to Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and swimming performance of Lost River suckers at various temperatures Klamath Falls, Oregon : Final Report to U.S. Bureau of Reclamation .
   Google Scholar
• Monda , D. and Saiki , M. K. 1993 . Tolerance of juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers to high pH, ammonia concentration, and temperature, and to low dissolved oxygen concentration 279 – 341 . Environmental research in the Klamath Basin, Oregon: 1992 annual report. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver
   Google Scholar
• Monda , D. and Saiki , M. K. 1994 . Tolerance of larval Lost River sucker to high pH, ammonia concentration, and temperature, and to low dissolved oxygen concentration Dixon, California : National Biological Survey, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Field Research Station–Dixon .
   Google Scholar
• Mount , D. I. 1961 . Development of a system for controlling dissolved oxygen content of water . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 90 : 323 – 327 .
   Google Scholar
• Mount , D. I. 1964 . Additional information on a system for controlling the dissolved oxygen content of water . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 93 : 100 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Perkins , D. L. , Kann , J. and Scoppettone , G. G. 2000 . The role of poor water quality and fish kills in the decline of endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake Klamath Falls, Oregon : U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Report to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation .
   Google Scholar
• Rand , G. M. , Wells , P. G. and McCarty , L. S. 1995 . “ Introduction to aquatic toxicology ” . In Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: effects, environmental fate, and risk assessment, , 2nd edition Edited by: Rand , G. M. 3 – 67 . Washington, D.C. : Taylor and Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Russo , R. C. 1985 . “ Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate ” . In Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: methods and applications Edited by: Rand , G. M. and Petrocelli , S. R. 455 – 471 . New York : Hemisphere Publishing Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Saiki , M. K. , Monda , D. P. and Bellerud , B. L. 1999 . Lethal levels of selected water quality variables to larval and juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers . Environmental Pollution , 105 : 37 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokal , R. R. and Rohlf , F. J. 1981 . Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research San Francisco : Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) . 1988 . Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: determination of endangered status for the shortnose sucker and Lost River sucker . Federal Register , 53 (18 July 1988) : 27130 – 27134 .
   Google Scholar
• USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) . 1993 . Recovery plan: Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris) Portland, Oregon : USFWS .
   Google Scholar
• Verdouw , H. , van Echteld , C. J. A. and Dekkers , E. M. J. 1978 . Ammonia determination based on indophenol formation with sodium salycilate . Water Research , 12 : 399 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEST (Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc.) . 1994 . TOXSTAT 3.4 Cheyenne, Wyoming : WEST .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , C. M. 1989 . “ The physiological problems of fish in acid waters ” . In Aquatic toxicity and aquatic animals Edited by: Morris , R. , Taylor , E. W. , Brown , D. J. A. and Brown , J. A. 125 – 152 . Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar