Parasites and Fish Health in a Desert Stream, and Management Implications for Two Endangered Fishes

References

• Adams , S. M. , Brown , A. M. and Goede , R. W. 1993 . A quantitative health assessment index for rapid evaluation of fish condition in the field . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 122 : 63 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin , O. M. 1969 . Helminth fauna of suckers (Catostomidae) of the Gila River system, Arizona. II. Five parasites from Catostomus spp . American Midland Naturalist , 82 : 429 – 443 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett , P. J. and Maughan , O. E. 1995 . Spatial habitat selection of roundtail chub (Gila robusta) in two central Arizona streams . Southwestern Naturalist , 40 : 301 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begon , M. , Harper , J. L. and Townsend , C. R. 1986 . Ecology; individuals, populations, and communities , Sunderland, Massachusetts : Sinauer .
   Google Scholar
• Brouder , M. J. and Hoffnagle , T. L. 1997 . Distribution and prevalence of the Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in the Colorado River and tributaries, Grand Canyon, Arizona . Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington , 64 : 219 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson , R. W. , Creef , E. D. and McGuinn-Robbins , D. K. 1993 . Movements and habitat utilization of reintroduced razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) and Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) in the Verde River, Arizona , Job 7, Section VI of the Endangered Species Act) to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque New Mexico : Report of Arizona Game and Fish Department (Project E5-4 .
   Google Scholar
• Creef , E. D. , Clarkson , R. W. and McGuinn-Robbins , D. K. 1992 . Razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) reintroduction and monitoring, Salt and Verde rivers, Arizona, 1991–1992 , Section VI of the Endangered Species Act) to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico : Report of Arizona Game and Fish Department (Project E5-2 .
   Google Scholar
• Crofton , H. D. 1971a . A quantitative approach to parasitism . Parasitology , 63 : 179 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Crofton , H. D. 1971b . A model of host-parasite relationships . Parasitology , 63 : 343 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fienberg , S. E. 1980 . The analysis of cross-classified categorical data,., , 2nd edition , Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Flagg , R. 1982 . “ Disease survey of the Colorado River fishes. ” . In Part 3, Colorado River Fisheries Project. Final Report of U.S. Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Contract 9–07–40-L-1016), to , Memorandum of Understanding CO-910-MU9-933 Edited by: Miller , W. H. 177 – 184 . Salt Lake City, Utah : U.S. Bureau of Reclamation .
   Google Scholar
• Goede , R. W. and Barton , B. A. 1990 . “ Organismic indices and an autopsy-based assessment as indicators of health and condition of fish. ” . In Biological indicators of stress in fish , Symposium 8 Edited by: Adams , S. M. 93 – 100 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Heckmann , R. A. , Deacon , J. E. and Greger , P. D. 1986 . Parasites of the woundfin minnow, Plagipterus argentissimus and other endemic fishes from the Virgin River, Utah . Great Basin Naturalist , 46 : 662 – 676 .
   Google Scholar
• Heckmann , R. A. , Greger , P. D. and Deacon , J. E. 1987 . New host records for the Asian tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in endangered fish species from the Virgin River, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona . Journal of Parasitology , 73 : 226 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrickson , D. A. 1993 . Evaluation of the razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) reintroduction programs in central Arizona based on surveys of fish populations in the Salt and Verde rivers from 1986 to 1990 , Job 7 Section VI of the Endangered Species Act) to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico : Report of Arizona Game and Fish Department (Project E5-2 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman , G. L. 1970 . “ Intercontinental and transcontinental dissemination and transfaunation of fish parasites with emphasis on whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis). ” . In A symposium on diseases of fishes and shellfishes , Special Publication 5 Edited by: Snieszko , S. F. 69 – 81 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman , G. L. 1976 . Parasites of freshwater fishes. IV. Miscellaneous. The anchor parasite (Lernaea elegans) and related species . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Disease Leaflet , 46 : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman , G. L. and Schubert , G. 1984 . “ Some parasites of exotic fishes. ” . In Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes , Edited by: Courtney , W. R. Jr. and Stauffer , J. R. Jr. 233 – 261 . Baltimore, Maryland : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hoogenboom , I. and Dijkstra , C. 1987 . Sacrocystis cernae: a parasite increasing the risk of predation of its intermediate host, Microtis arvalis. . Oecologia , 74 : 86 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James , A. E. 1968 . Lernaea (copepod) of three native fishes from the Salt River basin, Arizona , Tempe : Arizona State University . Master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Lafferty , K. D. and Morris , A. K. 1996 . Altered behavior of parasitized killifish increases susceptibility to predation by bird final hosts . Ecology , 77 : 1390 – 1397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemly , A. D. and Esch , G. W. 1984 . Effects of the trematode Uvulifer ambloplitis on juvenile bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus: ecological implications . Journal of Parisitology , 70 : 475 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , P. C. and Brooks , J. E. 1989 . Predation by ictalurid catfishes as a deterrent to re-establishment of hatchery-reared razorback suckers . Southwestern Naturalist , 34 : 188 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May , R. M. and Anderson , R. M. 1982 . Population biology of infectious diseases II . Nature , 280 : 455 – 461 .
   Google Scholar
• McNeil , P. L Jr . 1957 . The use of benzine hexachloride as a copepocide and some observations on lernaean parasites in trout rearing units , Library Catalog 3930 Phoenix : Arizona Game and Fish Department .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , R. R. 1961 . Man and the changing fish fauna of the American Southwest . Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters , 46 : 365 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Minckley , W. L. 1973 . Fishes of Arizona , Phoenix : Arizona Game and Fish Department .
   Google Scholar
• Minckley , W. L. and Deacon , J. E. 1968 . Southwestern fishes and the enigma of “endangered species.” . Science , 159 : 1424 – 1432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minckley , W. L. , Marsh , P. C. , Brooks , J. E. , Johnson , J. E. and Jensen , B. L. 1991 . “ Management towards recovery of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus). ” . In Battle against extinction: native fish management in the American West , Edited by: Minckley , W. L. and Deacon , J. E. 303 – 357 . Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mpoame , M. and Rinne , J. N. 1983 . Parasites of some fishes native to Arizona and New Mexico . Southwestern Naturalist , 28 : 399 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post , G. 1987 . Textbook of fish health; revised and expanded edition , Neptune City, New Jersey : T. F. H. Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Ricker , W. E. 1975 . Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 191
   Google Scholar
• Thoesen , J. C editor . 1994 . Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens, 4th edition , Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society, Fish Health Section .
   Google Scholar
• USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) . 1994 . Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants , Title 50, Parts 17.11–17.12. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. : Code of Federal Regulations .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. S. 1971 . The decline of a roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) population in Chew Valley Lake . Journal of Fish Biology , 3 : 129 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar