The Effect of Tricaine on Use of the Fluorescein Test for Detecting Skin and Corneal Ulcers in Fish

References

• Bartlett , J. D. , Ghormley , N. R. , Jaanus , S. D. , Rowsey , J. J. and Zimmerman , T. J. 1996 . Ophthalmic dyes. Ophthalmic drug facts. Facts and comparisons St. Louis, Missouri : Wolters Kluwer .
   Google Scholar
• Berkow , J. W. , Orth , D. H. and Kelley , J. S. 1991 . Fluorescein angiography: technique and interpretation San Francisco : American Academy of Ophthalmology .
   Google Scholar
• Callahan , H. C. and Noga , E. J. 2002 . Tricaine dramatically reduces the ability to diagnose protozoan ectoparasite (Ichthyobodo necator) infections . Journal of Fish Diseases , 25 : 433 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callinan , R. B. , Sammut , J. and Fraser , G. C. 2005 . Dermatitis, branchitis and mortality in empire gudgeon Hypseleotris compressa exposed naturally to runoff from acid sulfate soils . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms , 63 : 247 – 253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrasco , S. , Sumano , H. and Navahro-Fierro , R. 1984 . The use of lidocaine-sodium bicarbonate as an anesthetic in fish . Aquaculture , 41 : 395 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , M. W. and Ottmar , M. L. 2006 . Wounding and reflex impairment may be predictors for mortality in discarded or escaped fish . Fisheries Research , 82 : 1 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , M. W. and Schreck , C. B. 2005 . Responses by Pacific halibut to air exposure: lack of correspondence among plasma constituents and mortality . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 134 : 991 – 998 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daye , P. G. and Garside , E. T. 1976 . Histopathologic changes in surficial tissues of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), exposed to acute and chronic levels of pH . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 54 : 2140 – 2155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houston , A. H. 1990 . “ Blood and circulation ” . In Methods for fish biology Edited by: Schreck , C. B. and Moyle , P. B. 273 – 334 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Iger , Y. and Wendelaar Bonga , S. E. 1994 . Cellular responses of the skin of carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to acidified water . Cell Tissue Research , 275 : 481 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , K. A. , Brown , S. B. and Hara , T. J. 1987 . Behavioral and biochemical studies of onset and recovery from acid stress in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 44 : 373 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mount , D. R. , Swanson , M. J. , Breck , J. E. , Farag , A. M. and Bergman , H. L. 1990 . Responses of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fry to fluctuating acid, aluminum, and low calcium exposure . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 47 : 1623 – 1630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noga , E. J. , Botts , S. , Yang , S. and Avtalion , R. 1998 . Acute stress causes skin ulceration in striped bass and hybrid bass (Morone) . Veterinary Pathology , 35 : 102 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noga , E. J. and Udomkusonsri , P. 2002 . Fluorescein: a rapid, sensitive, nonlethal method for detecting skin ulceration in fish . Veterinary Pathology , 39 : 726 – 731 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohr , E. A. 1976 . Tricaine methanesulfonate—I. pH and its effects on anesthetic potency . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 54C : 13 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Rabinovitch , M. and DeStefano , M. J. 1974 . Macrophage spreading in vitro. III. The effect of metabolic inhibitors, anesthetics and other drugs on spreading induced by subtilisin . Experimental Cell Research , 88 : 153 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinovitch , M. and DeStefano , M. J. 1975a . Cell to cell substrate adhesion and spreading: inhibition by cationic anesthetics . Journal of Cell Physiology , 85 : 189 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinovitch , M. and DeStefano , M. J. 1975b . Use of the local anesthetic lidocaine for cell harvesting and subcultivation . In Vitro , 11 : 379 – 381 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Segner , H. , Marthaler , R. and Linnenbach , M. 1988 . Growth, aluminum uptake and mucous cell morphometrics of early life stages of brown trout, Salmo trutta, in low pH water . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 21 : 153 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summerfelt , R. C. and Smith , L. S. 1990 . “ Anesthesia, surgery and related techniques ” . In Methods for fish biology Edited by: Schreck , C. B. and Moyle , P. B. 213 – 272 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Udomkusonsri , P. and Noga , E. J. 2005 . The acute ulceration response (AUR): a potentially widespread and serious cause of skin infections in fish . Aquaculture , 246 : 63 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udomkusonsri , P. , Noga , E. J. and Monteiro-Riviere , N. 2004 . Pathogenesis of the acute ulceration response (AUR) in hybrid striped bass . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms , 61 : 199 – 213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar