Influences of Freshwater and Marine Growth on the Egg Size–Egg Number Tradeoff in Coho and Chinook Salmon

References

• Allen , G. H. 1958 . Notes on the fecundity of silver salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) . Progressive Fish Culture , 20 : 163 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Beacham , T. D. and Murray , C. B. 1990 . Temperature, egg size, and development of embryos and alevins of five species of pacific salmon: a comparative analysis . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 119 : 927 – 945 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beacham , T. D. and Murray , C. B. 1993 . Fecundity and egg size variation in North American Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) . Journal of Fish Biology , 42 : 485 – 508 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigler , B. S. , Welsh , D. W. and Helle , J. H. 1996 . A review of size trends among North Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 53 : 455 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , S. , Tyler , C. R. and Sumpter , J. P. 1997 . Egg quality in fish: what makes a good egg? . Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries , 7 : 387 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson , L. R. and Brannon , E. L. 1976 . The use of warmed water to accelerate the production of coho salmon . Fisheries , 1 ( 4 ) : 12 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson , L. R. and Joyner , T. 1983 . The salmonid fishes as a natural livestock . Scientific American , 1983 ( 7 ) : 49 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson , L. R. and Menasveta , D. 1961 . Selective breeding of chinook salmon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 90 : 160 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Einum , S. and Fleming , I. A. 1999 . Maternal effects of egg size in brown trout (Salmo trutta): norms of reaction to environmental quality . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B , 266 : 2095 – 2100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einum , S. and Fleming , I. A. 2000 . Highly fecund mothers sacrifice offspring survival to maximize fitness . Nature(London) , 405 : 565 – 567 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott , J. M. 1994 . Quantitative ecology and the brown trout Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , J. M. and Hurley , M. A. 1997 . A functional model for maximum growth of Atlantic salmon parr, Salmo salar, from two populations in Northwest England . Functional Ecology , 11 : 592 – 603 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott , J. M. , Hurley , M. A. and Fryer , R. J. 1995 . A new, improved growth model for brown trout, Salmo trutta . Functional Ecology , 9 : 290 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grachev , L. Y. 1971 . Alteration in the number of oocytes in the pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum)) in the marine period of life . Journal of Ichthyology , 11 : 199 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Groot , C. and Margolis , L. 1991 . Pacific salmon life histories Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Healey , M. C. 1991 . “ Life history of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) ” . In Pacific salmon life histories Edited by: Groot , C. and Margolis , L. 311 – 393 . Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heath , D. D. , Fox , C. W. and Heath , J. W. 1999 . Maternal effects on offspring size variation through early development of chinook salmon . Evolution , 53 : 1605 – 1611 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath , D. D. , Heath , J. W. , Bryden , C. A. , Johnson , R. M. and Fox , C. W. 2003 . Rapid evolution of egg size in captive salmon . Science , 299 : 1738 – 1740 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helle , J. H. and Hoffman , M. S. 1998 . Changes in size and age at maturity of two North American stocks of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) before and after a major regime shift in the North Pacific Ocean . North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Bulletin , 1 : 81 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Hendry , A. P. , Day , T. and Cooper , A. B. 2001 . Optimal size and number of propagules: allowance for discrete stages and effects of maternal size on reproductive output and offspring fitness . American Naturalist , 157 : 387 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobday , A. J. and Boehlert , G. W. 2001 . The role of coastal ocean variation in spatial and temporal patterns in survival and size of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 58 : 2021 – 2036 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsson , N. , Jonsson , B. and Fleming , I. A. 1996 . Does early growth cause a phenotypically plastic response in egg production in Atlantic salmon? . Functional Ecology , 10 : 89 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnison , M. T. , Unwin , M. J. , Hendry , A. P. and Quinn , T. P. 2001 . Migratory costs and the evolution of egg size and number in introduced and indigenous salmon populations . Evolution , 55 : 1656 – 1667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnison , M. T. , Unwin , M. J. , Hershberger , W. K. and Quinn , T. P. 1998 . Egg size, fecundity, and development rate of two introduced New Zealand chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 1946 – 1953 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristjansson , L. T. and Vøllestad , L. A. 1996 . Individual variation in progeny size and quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) . Aquaculture Research , 27 : 335 – 343 .
   Google Scholar
• Lobon-Cervia , J. , Utrilla , C. G. , Rincón , P. A. and Amezcua , F. 1997 . Environmentally induced spatio-temporal variations in the fecundity of brown trout Salmo trutta L.: trade-offs between egg size and fecundity . Freshwater Biology , 38 : 277 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantua , N. J. , Hare , S. R. , Zhang , Y. , Wallace , J. M. and Francis , R. C. 1997 . A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 78 : 1069 – 1079 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morita , K. , Yamamoto , S. , Takashima , Y. , Matsuishi , T. , Kanno , Y. and Nishimura , K. 1999 . Effect of maternal growth history on egg number and size in wild white-spotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 1585 – 1589 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , J. M. , Kope , R. G. , Bryant , G. J. , Teel , D. T. , Lierheimer , L. J. , Wainwright , T. C. , Grant , W. S. , Waknitz , F. W. , Neely , K. , Lindley , S. T. and Waples , R. S. 1998 . Status review of chinook salmon from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California , NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-35
   Google Scholar
• Ostrovsky , I. 1995 . The parabolic patten of animal growth: determination of equation parameters and their temperature dependencies . Freshwater Biology , 33 : 357 – 371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , G. A. and Begon , M. 1986 . Optimal egg size and clutch size: effects of environment and maternal phenotype . American Naturalist , 128 : 573 – 592 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyper , B. J. and Peterman , R. M. 1999 . Relationship among adult body length, abundance, and ocean temperature for British Columbia and Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), 1967–1997 . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 1716 – 1720 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , T. P. , Hendry , A. P. and Wetzel , L. A. 1995 . The influence of life history trade-offs and the size of incubation gravels on egg size variation in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) . Oikos , 74 : 425 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , T. P. , Peterson , J. A. , Gallucci , V. , Hershberger , W. K. and Brannon , W. L. 2002 . Artificial selection and environmental change: countervailing factors affecting the timing of spawning by coho and chinook salmon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 131 : 591 – 598 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roff , D. A. 1992 . The evolution of life histories. Theory and analysis New York : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Roff , D. A. 2002 . Life history evolution Sunderland, Massachusetts : Sinauer .
   Google Scholar
• Roni , P. and Quinn , T. P. 1995 . Geographic variation in size and age of North American chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 15 : 325 – 345 .
   Google Scholar
• Sakai , S. and Harada , Y. 2001 . Why do large mothers produce large offspring? Theory and a test . American Naturalist , 157 : 348 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent , R. C. , Taylor , P. D. and Gross , M. R. 1987 . Parental care and the evolution of egg size in fishes . American Naturalist , 129 : 32 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C. C. and Fretwell , S. D. 1974 . The optimal balance between size and number of offspring . American Naturalist , 108 : 499 – 506 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stearns , S. C. 1992 . The evolution of life histories Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Svärdson , G. 1949 . Natural selection and egg number in fish . Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm Report , 29 : 115 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Tamate , T. and Maekawa , K. 2000 . Interpopulation variation in reproductive traits of female masou salmon, Oncorhynchus masou . Oikos , 90 : 209 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorpe , J. E. , Miles , M. S. and Keay , D. S. 1984 . Developmental rate, fecundity and egg size in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L . Aquaculture , 43 : 289 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vøllestad , L. A. and Lillehammer , T. 2000 . Individual variation in early life-history traits in brown trout . Ecology of Freshwater Fish , 9 : 242 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitkamp , L. A. , Wainwright , T. C. , Bryant , G. J. , Milner , G. B. , Teel , D. J. , Kope , R. G. and Waples , R. S. 1995 . Status review of coho salmon from Washington, Oregon, and California , NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-24
   Google Scholar