Marine Subsidies in Freshwater: Effects of Salmon Carcasses on Lipid Class and Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Coho Salmon

References

• Ackman , R. E. 1999 . “ Comparison of the lipids in marine and freshwater organisms ” . In Lipids in freshwater ecosystems Edited by: Arts , M. T. and Wainman , B. 263 – 289 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Anthony , J. A. , Rob , D. D. and Turaco , K. R. 2000 . Lipid content and energy density of forage fishes from the northern Gulf of Alaska . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 248 : 53 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auborg , S. P. 1999 . Lipid damage detection during the frozen storage of an underutilized fish species . Food Research International , 32 : 497 – 502 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , M. V. , Dick , J. R. and Porter , A. E. 2001 . Biosynthesis and tissue deposition of docosahexanoic acid (22:6n3) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Lipids , 36 ( 10 ) : 1153 – 1159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , J. G. , Ghioni , C. and Sargent , J. R. 1994 . Fatty acid compositions of 10 freshwater invertebrates which are natural food organisms of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): a comparison with commercial diets . Aquaculture , 128 : 301 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-David , M. , Hanley , T. A. and Schell , D. A. 1998 . Fertilization of terrestrial vegetation by spawning Pacific salmon: the role of flooding and predator activity . Oikos , 83 : 47 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg , O. K. and Bremset , G. 1998 . Seasonal changes in the body composition of young riverine Atlantic salmon and brown trout . Journal of Fish Biology , 52 : 1272 – 1288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilby , R. E. , Fransen , B. R. , Bisson , P. A. and Walter , J. K. 1998 . Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (O. mykiss) to the addition of salmon carcasses to two streams in southwestern Washington, USA . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 1909 – 1918 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilby , R. E. , Fransen , B. R. , Cederholm , J. K. and Scarlett , W. J. 2001 . Preliminary evaluation of the use of nitrogen stable isotope ratios to establish escapement levels for Pacific salmon . Fisheries , 26 ( 1 ) : 6 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bligh , E. G. and Scott , M. A. 1966 . Lipids of cod muscle and the effect of frozen storage . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 23 : 1025 – 1036 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braddock , R. J. and Dugan , L. R. Jr. 1972 . Phospholipid changes in muscle from frozen stored Lake Michigan coho salmon . Journal of Food Science , 37 : 426 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaloner , D. T. , Marttin , K. M. , Wipfli , M. S. , Ostrom , P. H. and Lamberti , G. A. 2002a . Marine carbon and nitrogen in southeastern Alaska's stream food webs: evidence from artificial and natural streams . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 59 : 1257 – 1265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaloner , D. T. , Wipfli , M. S. and Caouette , J. P. 2002b . Mass loss and macroinvertebrate colonization of Pacific salmon carcasses in southeastern Alaskan streams . Freshwater Biology , 47 ( 2 ) : 263 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christie , W. W. 1982 . Lipid analysis Oxford, UK : Pergamon .
   Google Scholar
• Christie , W. W. 1985 . Rapid separation and quantification of lipid classes by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass (light-scattering) detection . Journal of Lipid Research , 26 : 507 – 512 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crone , R. A. and Bond , C. E. 1976 . Life history of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in Sashin Creek, southeastern Alaska . Fishery Bulletin , 74 ( 4 ) : 897 – 923 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser , A. 1989 . Triacylglycerol content as a condition index for fish, bivalve, and crustacean larvae . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 46 : 1868 – 1873 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatten , R. R. , Sargent , J. R. and Gamble , J. C. 1983 . Diet-induced changes in fatty acid composition of herring larvae reared in enclosed ecosystems . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 63 : 575 – 584 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gende , S. M. 2002 . Foraging behavior of bears at salmon streams: intake, choice, and the role of salmon life history. Doctoral dissertation Washington Seattle : University of .
   Google Scholar
• Hanson , B. J. , Cummins , K. W. , Cargill , A. S. and Lowry , R. R. 1985 . Lipid content, fatty acid composition, and the effect of diet on fats of aquatic insects . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 80B , 2 : 257 – 276 .
   Google Scholar
• Hardy , R. , McGill , A. S. and Gunstone , F. D. 1979 . Lipid and autoxidative changes in cold stored cod (Gadus morhua) . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 30 : 999 – 1006 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , R. and Tocher , D. 1987 . The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish . Progress in Lipids Research , 26 : 281 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneniwa , M. , Miao , S. , Yuan , C. , Iida , H. and Fukuda , Y. 2000 . Lipid components and enzymatic hydrolysis of lipids in muscle of Chinese freshwater fish . Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society , 77 ( 8 ) : 825 – 830 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline , T. C. , Goering , J. J. , Mathisen , O. A. , Poe , P. H. and Parker , P. L. 1990 . Recycling of elements transported upstream by runs of Pacific salmon, I. d15N and d13C evidence in Sashin Creek, southeastern Alaska . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 47 : 136 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koski , K. V. and Kirchofer , D. A. 1984 . “ A stream ecosystem in an old-growth forest in southeast Alaska, part IV ” . In Fish and wildlife relationships in old-growth forests Edited by: Meehan , W. R. , Merrell , T. R. and Hanley , T. A. 81 – 87 . Morehead City, North Carolina : American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists . Food of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in relation to abundance of drift and benthos
   Google Scholar
• Levy , S. 1997 . Pacific salmon bring it all back home . BioScience , 47 : 657 – 660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napolitano , G. E. 1999 . “ Fatty acids as trophic and chemical markers ” . In Lipids in freshwater ecosystems Edited by: Arts , M. T. and Wainman , B. 21 – 44 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Nishimoto , J. , Harada , R. and Hidemasa , M. 1978 . Studies on lipid in the muscle of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), II. Deterioration pattern of major lipid classes in the muscle stored at 0°C . Memorandum of the Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University , 26 : 119 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , R. E. , Henderson , R. J. and Ringo , E. 1991 . Lipids of arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), I. Dietary-induced changes in lipid class and fatty acid composition . Fish Physiology and Biochemistry , 9 ( 1 ) : 151 – 164 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olsen , R. E. and Ringo , E. 1992 . Lipids of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), II. Influence of dietary fatty acids on the elongation and desaturation of linoleic and linolenic acid . Fish Physiology and Biochemistry , 9 : 393 – 399 . (5/6)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen , Y. 1999 . “ Essential fatty acids in aquatic ecoystems ” . In Lipids in freshwater ecosystems Edited by: Arts , M. T. and Wainman , B. 162 – 164 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Post , J. R. and Parkinson , E. A. 2001 . Energy allocation strategy in young fish: allometry and survival . Ecology , 82 ( 4 ) : 1040 – 1051 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saddler , J. B. , Lowry , R. R. , Krueger , H. M. and Tinsley , I. J. 1966 . Distribution and identification of the fatty acids from the coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) . The Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society , 43 : 321 – 324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent , J. , Bell , G. , McEvoy , L. , Tocher , D. and Estevez , A. 1999 . Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish . Aquaculture , 177 : 191 – 199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki , S. , Ota , T. and Takagi , T. 1989 . Compositions of fatty acids in the lipids of masu salmon and pink salmon and later canned flesh . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 55 ( 9 ) : 1655 – 1660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheridan , M. , Allen , W. V. and Kerrstetter , T. H. 1983 . Seasonal variations in the lipid composition of steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, associated with parr−smolt transformation . Journal of Fish Biology , 23 : 125 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheridan , M. , Allen , W. V. and Kerstetter , T. H. 1985 . Changes in the fatty acid composition of steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, associated with parr−smolt transformation . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B , 80 ( 4 ) : 671 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sushchik , N. N. , Gladyshev , M. I. , Moskvichova , A. V. , Makhutova , O. N. and Kalachova , G. S. 2003 . Comparison of fatty acid compositions in major lipid classes of the dominant benthic invertebrates of the Yenisei River . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B , 134 : 111 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wertheimer , A. C. , Heintz , R. A. , Thedinga , J. F. and Rice , S. D. 2000 . Straying of adult pink salmon from their natal stream following embryonic exposure to weathered Exxon Valdez crude oil . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 129 : 989 – 1004 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wipfli , M. S. 1997 . Terrestrial invertebrates as salmonid prey and nitrogen sources in streams: contrasting old-growth and young-growth riparian forests in southeastern Alaska, USA . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 54 : 1259 – 1269 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wipfli , M. S. , Hudson , J. P. and Caouette , J. P. 1998 . Influence of salmon carcasses on stream productivity: response of biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrates in southeastern Alaska, USA . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 1503 – 1511 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wipfli , M. S. , Hudson , J. P. , Chaloner , D. T. and Caouette , J. P. 1999 . Influence of salmon spawner densities on stream productivity in Southeast Alaska . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 1600 – 1611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wipfli , M. S. , Hudson , J. P. , Chaloner , D. T. and Caouette , J. P. 2003 . Marine subsidies in freshwater ecosystems: salmon carcasses increase the growth rates of stream-resident salmonids . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 132 : 371 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar