A Classification of Habitat Types in a Large River and Their Use by Juvenile Salmonids

References

• Abbe , T. B. 2000 . Patterns, mechanics and geomorphic effects of wood debris accumulations in a forest river system. Doctoral dissertation Washington Seattle : University of .
   Google Scholar
• ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) . 1975 . Sedimentation engineering , ASCE, Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice 54 New York
   Google Scholar
• Ayers , H. B. 1899 . “ Washington Forest Reserve ” . In Nineteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897–1898, part V. Forest reserves Edited by: Gannett , H. 283 – 313 . Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Beamer , E. and Henderson , R. 1998 . Juvenile salmonid use of natural and hydromodified stream bank habitat in the mainstem Skagit River, northwest Washington La Conner, Washington : Skagit River System Cooperative .
   Google Scholar
• Beechie , T. , Beamer , E. and Wasserman , L. 1994 . Estimating coho salmon rearing habitat and smolt production losses in a large river basin, and implications for restoration . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 14 : 797 – 811 .
   Google Scholar
• Beechie , T. J. , Collins , B. D. and Pess , G. R. 2001 . “ Holocene and recent geomorphic processes, land use, and salmonid habitat in two north Puget Sound river basins ” . In Geomorphic processes and riverine habitat Edited by: Dorava , J. M. , Montgomery , D. R. , Palcsak , Betty B. and Fitzpatrick , F. A. 37 – 56 . Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union .
   Google Scholar
• Beechie , T. J. , Pess , G. , Beamer , E. , Lucchetti , G. and Bilby , R. E. 2002 . “ Role of watershed assessments in recovery planning for salmon ” . In Restoration of Puget Sound rivers Edited by: Montgomery , D. , Bolton , S. , Booth , D. and Wall , L. 194 – 225 . Seattle : University of Washington Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bisson , P. A. , Sullivan , K. and Nielsen , J. L. 1988 . Channel hydraulics, habitat use, and body form of juvenile coho salmon, steelhead, and cutthroat trout in streams . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 117 : 262 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjornn , T. C. and Reiser , D. W. 1991 . “ Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams ” . In Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats , Special Publication 19 Edited by: Meehan , W. R. 83 – 138 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Blakley , A. , Leland , B. and Ames , J. 2000 . Washington state salmonid stock inventory: coastal cutthroat trout Olympia : Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife .
   Google Scholar
• Bustard , D. R. and Narver , D. W. 1975 . Aspects of the winter ecology of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 32 : 667 – 680 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fausch , K. D. 1993 . Experimental analysis of microhabitat selection by juveniles steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) in a British Columbia stream . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 50 : 1198 – 1207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fetherston , K. L. , Naiman , R. J. and Bilby , R. E. 1995 . Large woody debris, physical process, and riparian forest development in montane river networks of the Pacific Northwest . Geomorphology , 13 : 133 – 144 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gannett , H. 1899 . Nineteenth annual report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897–1898, part V. Forest reserves Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Garland , R. D. , Tiffan , K. F. , Rondorf , D. W. and Clark , L. O. 2002 . Comparison of subyearling fall chinook salmon's use of riprap revetments and unaltered habitats in Lake Wallula of the Columbia River . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 22 : 1283 – 1289 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healey , M. C. 1991 . “ Life history of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) ” . In Pacific salmon life histories Edited by: Groot , C. and Margolis , L. 311 – 394 . Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heard , W. R. 1991 . “ Life history of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) ” . In Pacific salmon life histories Edited by: Groot , C. and Margolis , L. 119 – 230 . Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hillman , T. W. , Griffith , J. S. and Platts , W. S. 1987 . Summer and winter habitat selection by juveniles chinook salmon in a highly sedimented Idaho stream . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 116 : 185 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudsen , E. E. and Dilley , S. J. 1987 . Effects of riprap bank reinforcement on juveniles salmonids in four western Washington streams . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 7 : 351 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Kruzic , L. M. , Scarnecchia , D. L. and Roper , B. B. 2001 . Comparison of midsummer survival and growth of age-0 hatchery coho salmon held in pools and riffles . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 130 : 147 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunetta , R. S. , Cosentino , B. L. , Montgomery , D. R. , Beamer , E. M. and Beechie , T. J. 1997 . GIS-based evaluation of salmon habitat in the Pacific Northwest . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 63 ( 10 ) : 1219 – 1229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon , T. E. and Hartman , G. F. 1989 . Influence of cover complexity and current velocity in winter habitat use by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 46 : 1551 – 1557 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery , D. R. , Collins , B. D. , Buffington , J. M. and Abbe , T. B. 2003 . “ Geomorphic effects of wood in rivers ” . In The ecology and management of wood in world rivers Edited by: Gregory , S. , Boyer , K. and Gurnell , A. M. 21 – 47 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Munzel , U. and Hothorn , L. A. 2001 . A unified approach to simultaneous rank test procedures in the unbalanced one-way layout . Biometrical Journal , 43 : 553 – 569 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , M. L. , Heifetz , J. , Thedinga , J. F. , Johnson , S. W. and Koski , K. V. 1989 . Habitat utilization by juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) in the glacial Taku River, southeast Alaska . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 46 : 1677 – 1685 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickelson , T. E. , Sollazzi , M. F. , Johnson , S. L. and Rogers , J. D. 1992 . Effectiveness of selected stream improvement techniques to create suitable summer and winter rearing habitat for juvenile coho salmon in Oregon coastal streams . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 49 : 790 – 794 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , R. J. , Missildine , B. R. and Low , D. L. 1998 . Seasonal fish densities near river banks stabilized by various stabilization methods: first year report of the Flood Technical Assistance Project Lacey, Washington D.C. : U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , N. P. and Reid , L. M. Wall-base channels: their evolution, distribution, and use by juvenile coho salmon in the Clearwater River, Washington . Proceedings of the Olympic Wild Fish Conference . Edited by: Walton , J. M. and Houston , D. B. pp. 215 – 225 . Port Angeles, Washington : Peninsula College .
   Google Scholar
• Pinheiro , J. C. and Bates , D. M. 2000 . Mixed-effects models in S ans S-Plus New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld , J. , Porter , M. and Parkinson , E. 2000 . Habitat factors affecting the abundance and distribution of juveniles cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and coho salmon (O. Kisutch) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 57 : 766 – 774 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salo , E. O. 1991 . “ Life history of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) ” . In Pacific salmon life histories Edited by: Groot , C. and Margolis , L. 231 – 310 . Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scarlett , W. J. and Cederholm , C. J. Juvenile coho salmon fall−winter utilization of two small tributaries of the Clearwater River, Jefferson County, Washington . Proceedings of the Olympic Wild Fish Conference . Edited by: Walton , J. M. and Houston , D. B. pp. 227 – 242 . Port Angeles, Washington : Peninsula College .
   Google Scholar
• Shirvell , C. S. 1990 . Role of instream rootwads as juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) cover habitat under varying streamflows . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 47 : 852 – 861 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan , K. 1986 . Hydraulics and fish habitat in relation to channel morphology Doctoral dissertation. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
   Google Scholar
• Sumioka , S. S. , Kresch , D. L. and Kasnick , K. D. 1998 . Magnitude and frequency of floods in Washington , U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4277 Denver
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , E. B. 1988 . Water temperature and velocity as determinants of microhabitats of juvenile chinook and coho salmon in a laboratory stream channel . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 117 : 22 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WDF (Washington Department of Fisheries), WDW (Washington Department of Wildlife), and Western Washington Treaty Indian Tribes . 1993 . Washington State salmon and steelhead stock inventory Washington : Olympia .
   Google Scholar
• WDFW (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) . 1998 . Washington State salmonid stock inventory: bull trout/Dolly Varden Olympia : Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , D. L. , Nigro , A. A. , Farr , R. A. and Knutsen , C. J. 1994 . Influence of waterway development on migrational characteristics of juvenile salmonids in the lower Willamette River, Oregon . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 14 : 362 – 371 .
   Google Scholar
• Weigand , D. 1991 . Effect of gravel scalping on salmonid rearing habitats in the Puyallup River Master's thesis. University of Washington, Seattle
   Google Scholar
• Williams , J. R. , Pearson , H. E. and Wilson , J. D. 1985 . Streamflow statistics and drainage basin characteristics for the Puget Sound Region, Washington, volume II Lakewood, Colorado : Eastern Puget Sound from Seattle to the Canadian border. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 84-144-B .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , R. W. , Laramie , R. M. and Ames , J. J. 1975 . A catalog of Washington streams and salmon utilization Vol. 1 , Olympia : Puget Sound. Washington Department of Fisheries .
   Google Scholar
• Zar , J. H. 1996 . Biostatistical analysis, , 3rd edition New Jersey : Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River .
   Google Scholar