409
Views
53
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Effects of Environmental Conditions during Stream, Estuary, and Ocean Residency on Chinook Salmon Return Rates in the Skagit River, Washington

, , , &
Pages 1562-1581 | Received 31 Jan 2005, Accepted 27 Jun 2005, Published online: 09 Jan 2011

References

  • Beamish , R. J. , Noakes , D. J. , McFarlane , G. A. , Pinnix , W. , Sweeting , R. and King , J. 2000 . Trends in coho marine survival in relation to the regime concept . Fisheries Oceanography , 9 : 114 – 119 .
  • Belsley , D. A. 1991 . Conditioning diagnostics: collinearity and weak data in regression , New York : Wiley .
  • Boeuf , G. and Payan , P. 2001 . How should salinity influence fish growth? . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 130C : 411 – 423 .
  • Botsford , L. W. and Paulsen , C. M. 2000 . Assessing covariability among populations in the presence of intraseries correlation: Columbia River spring– summer Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stocks . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 57 : 616 – 627 .
  • Bradford , M. J. 1995 . Comparative review of Pacific salmon survival rates . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 52 : 1327 – 1338 .
  • Bravender , B. A. , Anderson , S. S. and Van Tine , J. 1999 . Distribution and abundance of juvenile salmon in Discovery Harbour Marina and surrounding area, Campbell River, B. C., during 1996 . Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 2292 : 1 – 45 .
  • Burnham , K. P. and Anderson , D. R. 2002 . Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach , New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Cannon , G. A. , Holbrook , J. R. and Pashinski , D. J. 1990 . Variations in the onset of bottom-water intrusions over the entrance sill of a fjord . Estuaries , 13 : 31 – 42 .
  • Caswell , H. 2001 . Matrix population models , Sunderland, Massachusetts : Sinauer Associates .
  • Collins , B. D. , Montgomery , D. R. and Sheikh , A. J. 2003 . “ Reconstructing the historical riverine landscape of the Puget lowland ” . In Restoration of Puget Sound rivers , Edited by: Montgomery , D. R. , Bolton , S. , Booth , D. B. and Wall , L. 79 – 128 . Seattle : University of Washington Press .
  • Coronado , C. and Hilborn , R. 1998 . Spatial and temporal factors affecting survival in coho and fall Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest . Bulletin of Marine Science , 62 : 409 – 425 .
  • De Ben , W. A. , Clothier , W. D. , Ditsworth , G. R. and Baumgartner , D. J. 1990 . Spatiotemporal fluctuations in the distribution and abundance of demersal fish and epibenthic crustaceans in Yaquina Bay, Oregon . Estuaries , 13 : 469 – 478 .
  • DeVries , P. E. 1997 . Riverine salmonid egg burial depths: review of published data and implications for scour studies . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 54 : 1685 – 1698 .
  • Erman , D. C. , Andrews , E. D. and Yoder Williams , M. 1988 . Effects of winter floods on fishes in the Sierra Nevada . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 45 : 2195 – 2200 .
  • Fausch , K. D. , Torgersen , C. E. , Baxter , C. V. and Li , H. W. 2002 . Landscapes to riverscapes: bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes . BioScience , 52 : 483 – 498 .
  • Friedland , K. D. 1998 . Ocean climate influences on critical Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life history events . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 119 – 130 .
  • Friedland , K. D. , Reddin , D. G. , McMenemy , J. R. and Drinkwater , K. F. 2003 . Multidecadal trends in North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks and climate trends relevant to juvenile survival . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 60 : 563 – 583 .
  • Fujiwara , M. and Caswell , H. 2001 . Demography of the endangered North Atlantic right whale . Nature (London) , 414 : 537 – 541 .
  • Gargett , A. 1997 . The optimal stability “window”: a mechanism underlying decadal fluctuations in North Pacific salmon stocks? . Fisheries Oceanography , 6 : 109 – 117 .
  • Greene , C. M. and Beechie , T. J. 2004 . Consequences of potential density-dependent mechanisms on recovery of ocean-type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 61 : 590 – 602 .
  • Hahn , P. , Kraemer , C. , Hendrick , D. , Castle , P. and Wood , L. 2001 . Washington State Chinook salmon spawning escapement assessment in the Stilliguamish and Skagit Rivers, 1998 , Olympia, Washington : Department of Fish and Wildlife to Pacific Salmon Commission . Report of Washington
  • Handeland , S. O. , Berge , A. , Bjornsson , B. T. and Stefansson , S. O. 1998 . Effects of temperature and salinity on osmoregulation and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts in seawater . Aquaculture , 168 : 289 – 302 .
  • Hare , S. R. , Mantua , N. J. and Francis , R. C. 1999 . Inverse production regimes: Alaska and West Coast Pacific salmon . Fisheries , 24/1 : 6 – 14 .
  • Harrell , F. E. Jr . 2001 . Regression modeling strategies with application to linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis , New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Healey , M. C. 1991 . “ Life history of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus-tshawytscha ” . In Pacific salmon life histories , Edited by: Groot , C. and Margolis , L. 313 – 394 . Vancouver : UBC Press .
  • Henderson , R. and Hayman , R. A. 2002 . FY 2002 Skagit summer Chinook indicator stock study , La Connor, Washington : Cooperative to Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission . Report of Skagit System
  • Hickey , B. M. and Banas , N. S. 2003 . Oceanography of the U.S. Pacific Northwest coastal ocean and estuaries with application to coastal ecology . Estuaries , 26 : 1010 – 1031 .
  • Hilborn , R. , Bue , B. G. and Sharr , S. 1999 . Estimating spawning escapement from periodic counts: a comparison of methods . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 888 – 896 .
  • Holtby , L. B. and Healey , M. C. 1986 . Selection for adult size in female coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 43 : 1946 – 1959 .
  • Kareiva , P. , Marvier , M. and McClure , M. 2000 . Recovery and management options for spring–summer Chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin . Science , 290 : 977 – 979 .
  • Kiffney , P. M. , Bull , J. P. and Feller , M. C. 2002 . Climatic and hydrologic variability in a coastal watershed of southwestern British Columbia . Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 38 : 1437 – 1451 .
  • Kope , R. G. and Botsford , L. W. 1990 . Determination of factors affecting recruitment of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in central California . Fishery Bulletin , 88 : 257 – 269 .
  • Korman , J. , Bravender , B. and Levings , C. D. 1997 . Utilization of the Campbell River estuary by juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in 1994 . Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 2169 : 1 – 45 .
  • Koski , K. V. 1966 . The survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from egg deposition to emergence in three Oregon coastal streams , Master's thesis Corvallis : Oregon State University .
  • Koslow , J. A. , Hobday , A. J. and Boehlert , G. W. 2002 . Climate variability and marine survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon production area . Fisheries Oceanography , 11 : 65 – 77 .
  • Latterell , J. J. , Fausch , K. D. , Gowan , C. and Riley , S. C. 1998 . Relationship of trout recruitment to snowmelt runoff flows and adult trout abundance in six Colorado mountain streams . Rivers , 6 : 240 – 250 .
  • Lawson , P. W. , Logerwell , E. A. , Mantua , N. J. , Francis , R. C. and Agostini , V. N. 2004 . Environmental factors influencing freshwater survival and smolt production in Pacific Northwest coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 61 : 360 – 373 .
  • Lisle , T. E. and Lewis , J. 1992 . Effects of sediment transport on survival of salmonid embryos in a natural stream: a simulation approach . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 49 : 2337 – 2344 .
  • Logerwell , E. A. , Mantua , N. J. , Lawson , P. W. , Francis , R. C. and Agostini , V. N. 2003 . Tracking environmental processes in the coastal zone for understanding and predicting Oregon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) marine survival . Fisheries Oceanography , 12 : 554 – 568 .
  • Lotspeich , F. B. and Everest , F. H. 1981 . A new method for reporting and interpreting textural composition of spawning gravel U.S. Forest Service Research Note PNW-369.
  • Magnuson , A. and Hilborn , R. 2003 . Estuarine influence on survival rates of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) released from hatcheries on the U.S. Pacific coast . Estuaries , 26 : 1094 – 1103 .
  • Mason , J. C. 1969 . Hypoxial stress prior to emergence and competition among coho salmon fry . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 26 : 63 – 91 .
  • McCullagh , P. and Nelder , J. A. 1989 . Generalized linear models , London : Chapman and Hall .
  • Montgomery , D. R. , Buffington , J. M. , Peterson , N. P. , Schuett Hames , D. and Quinn , T. P. 1996 . Streambed scour, egg burial depths, and the influence of salmonid spawning on bed surface mobility and embryo survival . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 53 : 1061 – 1070 .
  • Morita , S. H. , Morita , K. and Sakano , H. 2001 . Growth of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) correlated with sea-surface salinity in the North Pacific . ICES Journal of Marine Science , 58 : 1335 – 1339 .
  • Mortensen , D. , Wertheimer , A. , Taylor , S. and Landingham , J. 2000 . The relation between early marine growth of pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, and marine water temperature, secondary production, and survival to adulthood . Fishery Bulletin , 98 : 319 – 335 .
  • Mueter , F. J. , Peterman , R. M. and Pyper , B. J. 2002a . Opposite effects of ocean temperature on survival rates of 120 stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in northern and southern areas . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 59 : 456 – 463 .
  • Mueter , F. J. , Ware , D. M. and Peterman , R. M. 2002b . Spatial correlation patterns in coastal environmental variables and survival rates of salmon in the northeast Pacific Ocean . Fisheries Oceanography , 11 : 205 – 218 .
  • Myers , J. M. , Kope , R. G. , Bryant , G. J. , Teel , D. J. , Lierheimer , L. J. , Wainwright , T. C. , Grant , W. S. , Waknitz , F. W. , Neely , K. , Lindley , S. and Waples , R. S. 1997 . Status review of Chinook salmon from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NEFSC-35.
  • Myers , R. A. 2001 . Stock and recruitment: generalizations about maximum reproductive rate, density dependence, and variability using meta-analytic approaches . ICES Journal of Marine Science , 58 : 937 – 951 .
  • Neilson , J. D. , Geen , G. H. and Bottom , D. 1985 . Estuarine growth of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) as inferred from otolith microstructure . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 42 : 899 – 908 .
  • Neter , J. , Kutner , M. H. , Nachtscheim , C. J. and Wasserman , W. 1996 . Applied linear regression models , Illinois : Irwin, Homewood .
  • Nickelson , T. E. 1986 . Influences of upwelling, ocean temperature, and smolt abundance on marine survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon Production Area . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 43 : 527 – 535 .
  • Parker , R. R. 1971 . Size-selective predation among juvenile salmonid fishes in a British Columbia inlet . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 28 : 1503 – 1510 .
  • Peterman , R. M. , Pyper , B. J. , Lapointe , M. F. , Adkison , M. D. and Walters , C. J. 1998 . Patterns of covariation in survival rates of British Columbian and Alaskan sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 2503 – 2517 .
  • Petrosky , C. E. , Schaller , H. A. and Budy , P. 2001 . Productivity and survival rate trends in the freshwater spawning and rearing stage of Snake River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 58 : 1196 – 1207 .
  • Quinn , T. J. and Deriso , R. B. 1999 . Quantitative fish dynamics , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Redmond , K. T. and Koch , R. W. 1991 . Surface climate and streamflow variability in the western United States and their relationship to large-scale circulation indices . Water Resources Research , 27 : 2381 – 2399 .
  • Reimers , P. E. 1973 . The length of residence of juvenile fall Chinook salmon in Sixes River, Oregon . Research Reports of the Fish Commission of Oregon , 4 : 1 – 42 .
  • Rencher , A. C. 1998 . Multivariate statistical inference and applications , New York : Wiley .
  • Ricker , W. E. 1954 . Stock and recruitment . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 11 : 559 – 623 .
  • Rothschild , B. J. 2000 . “Fish stocks and recruitment”: the past thirty years . ICES Journal of Marine Science , 57 : 191 – 201 .
  • Ruckelshaus , M. H. , Levin , P. S. , Johnson , J. B. and Kareiva , P. 2003 . The Pacific salmon wars: what science brings to the challenge of recovering species . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 33 : 665 – 706 .
  • Ruesink , J. L. , Roegner , G. C. , Dumbauld , B. R. and Newton , J. A. 2003 . Contributions of coastal and watershed energy sources to secondary production in a northeastern Pacific estuary . Estuaries , 26 : 1079 – 1093 .
  • Ruggerone , G. T. and Goetz , F. A. 2004 . Survival of Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in response to climate-induced competition with pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 61 : 1756 – 1770 .
  • Seegrist , D. W. and Gard , R. 1972 . Effects of floods on trout in Sagehen Creek, California . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 101 : 478 – 482 .
  • Seiler , D. , Neuhauser , S. and Kishimoto , L. 2003 . 2002 Skagit River wild 0+ Chinook production evaluation annual report , Olympia : Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife .
  • Simenstad , C. A. , Fresh , K. L. and Salo , E. O. 1982 . “ The role of Puget Sound and Washington coastal estuaries in the life history of Pacific salmon: an unappreciated function ” . In Estuarine comparisons , Edited by: Kennedy , V. S. 343 – 364 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Sumioka , S. S. , Kresch , D. L. and Kasnick , K. D. 1998 . Magnitude and frequency of floods in Washington , Denver : U.S. Geological Survey . Water Resources Investigations Report 97–4277
  • Thom , R. M. , Borde , A. B. , Rumrill , S. , Woodruff , D. L. , Williams , G. D. , Southard , J. A. and Sargeant , S. L. 2003 . Factors influencing spatial and annual variability in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadows in Willapa Bay, Washington, and Coos Bay, Oregon, estuaries . Estuaries , 26 : 1117 – 1129 .
  • Thomas , A. E. , Banks , J. L. and Greenland , D. C. 1969 . Effect of yolk sac absorption on the swimming ability of fall Chinook salmon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 98 : 406 – 410 .
  • Thomson , R. E. 1994 . Physical oceanography of the Strait of Georgia–Puget Sound–Juan de Fuca Strait system. Review of the marine environment and biota of Strait of Georgia, Puget Sound, and Juan de Fuca Strait . Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 1948 : 36 – 100 .
  • Thorpe , J. E. 1994 . Salmonid fishes and the estuarine environment . Estuaries , 17 : 76 – 93 .
  • U.S. Water Resources Council. 1981 . Guidelines for determining flood flow frequency , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Water Resources Council . Bulletin 17B
  • Walters , C. J. and Ludwig , D. 1981 . Effects of measurement errors on the assessment of stock–recruitment relationships . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 38 : 704 – 710 .
  • Washington Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Western Washington Treaty Indian Tribes. 1992 . Washington State salmon and steelhead stock inventory (SASSI) , Olympia : Washington Department of Fisheries and Wildlife .
  • Willette , T. M. , Cooney , R. T. , Patric , V. , Mason , D. M. , Thomas , G. L. and Scheel , D. 2001 . Ecological processes influencing mortality of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound, Alaska . Fisheries Oceanography , 10 : 14 – 41 .
  • Zabel , R. W. and Williams , J. G. 2002 . Selective mortality in Chinook salmon: what is the role of human disturbance? . Ecological Applications , 12 : 173 – 183 .
  • Zhou , S. J. 2002 . Uncertainties in estimating fishing mortality in unmarked salmon in mark-selective fisheries using double-index-tagging methods . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 22 : 480 – 493 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.