Exposure of Unionid Mussels to Electric Current: Assessing Risks Associated with Electrofishing

References

• Allison , P. D. 1995 . Survival analysis using SAS: A practical guide Cary , North Carolina : SAS Institute .
   Google Scholar
• ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) . 2005 . “ Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels ” . In Annual book of ASTM standards, volume 11.05 West Conshohocken , Pennsylvania : ASTM . Designation E2455-05 in ASTM
   Google Scholar
• Baillie , J. E. M. , Hilton-Taylor , C. and Stuart , S. N. , eds. 2004 . 2004 IUCN red list of threatened species: A global species assessment Gland , Switzerland : International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources . and., Cambridge, UK
   Google Scholar
• Barnhart , M. C. 2006 . Buckets of muckets: A compact system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels . Aquaculture , 254 : 227 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogan , A. E. 1993 . Freshwater bivalve extinctions (Mollusca: Unionidae): A search for causes . American Zoologist , 33 : 599 – 609 .
   Google Scholar
• Checa , A. G. and Rodriguez-Navarro , A. 2001 . Geometrical and crystallographic constraints determine the self-organization of shell microstructures in Unionidae (Bivalvia: Mollusca) . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , 268 : 771 – 778 .
   Google Scholar
• Cope , W. G. , Hove , M. C. , Waller , D. L. , Hornbach , D. J. , Bartsch , M. R. , Cunningham , L. A. , Dunn , H. L. and Kapuscinski , A. R. 2003 . Evaluation of relocation of unionid mussels to in situ refugia . Journal of Molluscan Studies , 69 : 27 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , D. R. 1972 . Regression models and life tables . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B , 34 : 187 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietz , T. H. , Wilcox , S. J. , Byrne , R. A. and Silverman , H. 1997 . Effects of hyperosmotic challenge on the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha: Importance of K+ . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 75 : 697 – 705 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fears , C. D. , Water , G. , Mackie , L. and Kilgore , B. W. Use of low levels of electric current (AC) for controlling zebra mussels . Proceedings of the fourth international zebra mussel conference . Edited by: Hansen , E. pp. 191 – 205 . Madison : University of Wisconsin, Sea Grant Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Haag , W. R. and Warren , M. L. Jr. 1999 . Mantle displays of freshwater mussels elicit attacks from fish . Freshwater Biology , 42 : 35 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastie , L. C. and Boon , P. J. 2001 . Does electrofishing harm freshwater pearl mussels? . Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems , 11 : 149 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holliman , F. M. and Reynolds , J. B. 2002 . Electroshock-induced injury in juvenile white sturgeon . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 22 : 494 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holliman , F. M. , Reynolds , J. B. and Kwak , T. J. 2003a . A predictive risk model for electroshock-induced mortality of the endangered Cape Fear shiner . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 23 : 905 – 912 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holliman , F. M. , Reynolds , J. B. and Kwak , T. J. 2003b . Electroshock-induced injury and mortality in the spotfin chub, a threatened minnow . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 23 : 962 – 966 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan , E. L. and Meier , P. 1958 . Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 53 : 457 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolz , A. L. 1989 . A power transfer theory for electrofishing . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish and Wildlife Technical Report , 22 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Kolz , A. L. and Reynolds , J. B. 1989 . Determination of power threshold response curves . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fish and Wildlife Technical Report , 22 : 15 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , R. C. 1991 . Physical mechanisms of tissue injury in electrical trauma . IEEE Transactions on Education , 24 : 223 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lydeard , C. , Cowie , R. H. , Ponder , W. F. , Bogan , A. E. , Bouchet , P. , Clark , S. A. , Cummings , K. S. , Frest , T. J. , Gargominy , O. , Herbert , D. G. , Hershler , R. , Perez , K. E. , Roth , B. , Seddon , M. , Strong , E. E. and Thompson , F. G. 2004 . The global decline of nonmarine mollusks . BioScience , 54 : 321 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazeaud , M. M. , Mazeaud , F. and Donaldson , E. M. 1977 . Primary and secondary effects of stress in fish: Some new data with a general review . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 106 : 201 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon , R. J. 1991 . “ Mollusca: Bivalvia ” . In Ecology and classification of freshwater invertebrates Edited by: Thorp , J. H. and Covich , A. P. 315 – 399 . San Diego , California : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• National Native Mussel Conservation Committee . 1998 . National strategy for the conservation of native freshwater mussels . Journal of Shellfish Research , 17 : 1419 – 1428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves , R. J. , Bogan , A. E. , Williams , J. D. , Ahlstedt , S. A. and Hartfield , P. D. 1997 . “ Status of aquatic mollusks in the southeastern United States: A downward spiral of diversity ” . In Aquatic fauna in peril: The southeastern perspective Edited by: Benz , G. W. and E Collins , D. 43 – 86 . Decatur , Georgia : Lenz Design and Communication .
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen , J. L. 1998 . Scientific sampling effects: Electrofishing California's endangered fish populations . Fisheries , 23 (12) : 6 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostlie , L. S. , Nelson , J. R. and Whiley , R. J. The efficacy of pulsed electric fields in preventing settlement of zebra mussel veligers . Proceedings of the fourth international zebra mussel conference . Edited by: Hansen , E. pp. 301 – 318 . Sea Grant Institute , Madison : University of Wisconsin .
   Google Scholar
• Rabeni , C. F. , Collier , K. J. and Hicks , B. J. 1997 . Evaluating techniques for sampling stream crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 31 : 693 – 700 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , J. B. 1996 . “ Electrofishing ” . In Fisheries techniques, , 2nd edition Edited by: Murphy , B. R. and Willis , D. W. 221 – 253 . Bethesda , Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Schreck , C. B. , Whaley , R. A. , Bass , M. L. , Maughan , O. E. and Solazzi , M. 1976 . Physiological responses of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to electroshock . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 33 : 76 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharber , N. G. and Carothers , S. W. 1988 . Influence of electrofishing pulse shape on spinal injuries in adult rainbow trout . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 8 : 117 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Tankersley , R. A. and Dimock , R. V. 1992 . Quantitative analysis of the structure and function of the marsupial gills of the freshwater mussel Anodonta cataracta . Biological Bulletin , 182 : 145 – 154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver , L. W. , Williams , R. and Rush , S. 1976 . Current density in bilateral and unilateral ECT . Biological Psychiatry , 11 : 303 – 312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. D. , Warren , M. L. , Cummings , K. S. , Harris , J. L. and Neves , R. J. 1993 . Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada . Fisheries , 18 (9) : 6 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , M. and Williams , J. 1984 . The reproductive biology of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linn.) in Scotland, I. Field studies . Archiv für Hydrobiologie , 94 : 405 – 422 .
   Google Scholar
• Zalewski , M. and Cowx , I. G. 1990 . “ Factors affecting the efficiency of electric fishing ” . In Fishing with electricity Edited by: Cowx , I. G. and Lamarque , P. 89 – 111 . London : Fishing News Books .
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , L. L. and Neves , R. J. 2002 . Effects of temperature on duration of viability for glochidia of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) . American Malacological Bulletin , 17 : 31 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar