Anticipated Climate Warming Effects on Bull Trout Habitats and Populations Across the Interior Columbia River Basin

References

• Adams , S. B. 1994 . Bull trout distribution and habitat use in the Weiser River drainage, Idaho Moscow : University of Idaho . Master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Allendorf , F. W. , Bayles , D. W. , Bottom , D. L. , Currens , K. P. , Frissell , C. A. , Hankin , D. , Lichatowich , J. A. , Nehlsen , W. , Trotter , P. C. and Williams , T. H. 1997 . Prioritizing Pacific salmon stocks for conservation . Conservation Biology , 11 : 140 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlein , P. J. , Whitlock , C. and Shafer , S. L. 1997 . Future climate in the Yellowstone National Park region and its potential impact on vegetation . Conservation Biology , 11 : 782 – 792 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter , J. S. 1997 . Aspects of the reproductive ecology of bull trout in the Chowade River, British Columbia Vancouver : University of British Columbia . Master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Boer , G. J. , McFarlane , N. A. and Lazare , M. 1992 . Greenhouse gas-induced climate change simulated with the CCC second generation general circulation model . Journal of Climate , 5 : 1045 – 1077 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clancy , C. G. 1993 . “ Statewide fisheries investigation, Bitterroot Forest inventory ” . In Job Completion Report F-46-R-4 Helena : Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks .
   Google Scholar
• Cressie , N. 1993 . Statistics for spatial data, revised edition New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Dambacher , J. M. and Jones , K. K. Stream habitat of juvenile bull trout populations in Oregon and benchmarks for habitat quality . Friends of the Bull Trout conference proceedings . Edited by: Mackay , W. C. , Brewin , M. K. and Monita , M. pp. 353 – 360 . Calgary, Alberta , , Canada : Trout Unlimited .
   Google Scholar
• Downs , C. C. , Horan , D. , Morgan-Harris , E. and Jakubowski , R. 2006 . Spawning demographics and juvenile dispersal of an adfluvial bull trout population in Trestle Creek, Idaho . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 26 : 190 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunham , J. B. and Rieman , B. E. 1999 . Metapopulation structure of bull trout: Influences of physical, biotic, and geometrical landscape characteristics . Ecological Applications , 9 : 642 – 655 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunham , J. B. , Rieman , B. E. and Chandler , G. L. 2003 . Influences of temperature and environmental variables on the distribution of bull trout at the southern margin of its range . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 23 : 894 – 904 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunham , J. B. , Rieman , B. E. and Peterson , J. T. 2002 . “ Patch-based models to predict species occurrence: Lessons from salmonid fishes in streams ” . In Predicting species occurrences: Issues of scale and accuracy Edited by: Scott , J. M. , Heglund , P. J. , Morrison , M. , Raphael , M. , Haufler , J. and Wall , B. 327 – 334 . Covelo , California : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dunham , J. B. and Vinyard , G. L. 1997 . Incorporating stream level variability into analyses of site level fish habitat relationships: Some cautionary examples . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 126 : 323 – 329 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunham , J. B. , Vinyard , G. L. and Rieman , B. E. 1997 . Habitat fragmentation and extinction risk of Lahontan cutthroat trout . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 17 : 1126 – 1133 .
   Google Scholar
• Eaton , J. G. and Scheller , R. M. 1996 . Effects of climate warming on fish thermal habitat in streams of the United States . Limnology and Oceanography , 41 : 1109 – 1115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fausch , K. D. , Nakano , S. and Ishigaki , K. 1994 . Distribution of two congeneric charrs in streams of Hokkaido Island, Japan: Considering multiple factors across scales . Oecologia , 100 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fausch , K. D. , Torgersen , C. E. , Baxter , C. V. and Li , H. W. 2002 . Landscapes to riverscapes: Bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes . BioScience , 52 : 483 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson , S. A. 1997 . A climate change scenario for the Columbia River basin Portland , Oregon : U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station . PNW RP 499
   Google Scholar
• Flebbe , P. A. 1993 . Comment on Meisner (1990): Effect of climatic warming on the southern margins of the native range of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 50 : 883 – 884 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flebbe , P. A. 1994 . A regional view of the margin: Salmonid abundance and distribution in the southern Appalachian mountains of North Carolina and Virginia . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 123 : 657 – 667 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flebbe , P. A. , Roghair , L. D. and Bruggink , J. L. 2006 . Spatial modeling to project southern Appalachian trout distribution in a warmer climate . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 135 : 1371 – 1382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpin , P. N. 1997 . Global climate change and natural area protection management responses and research directions . Ecological Applications , 7 : 828 – 843 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamlet , A. F. and Lettenmaier , D. P. 2007 . “ Effects of 20th century warming and climate variability on flood risk in the western U.S ” . In Water Resources Research Vol. 43 , /(6):W06427. DOI:10.1029/2006WR005099
   Google Scholar
• Hanski , I. and Simberloff , D. 1997 . “ The metapopulation approach, its history, conceptual domain, and application to conservation ” . In Metapopulation biology, ecology, genetics, and evolution Edited by: Hanski , I. A. and Gilpin , M. E. 5 – 26 . San Diego , California : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hari , R. E. , Livingstone , D. M. , Siber , R. , Burkhardt-Holm , P. and Guttinger , H. 2006 . Consequences of climatic change for water temperature and brown trout populations in alpine rivers and streams . Global Change Biology , 12 : 10 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoelscher , B. and Bjornn , T. C. 1988 . Habitat, densities of trout and char, and potential production in Pend Oreille Lake tributaries Boise : Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration . Project F-71-R-10
   Google Scholar
• IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) . 2007 . Climate change 2007: The physical science basis Available: www.ipcc.ch. (February 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Isaak , D. J. , Thurow , R. F. , Rieman , B. E. and Dunham , J. B. 2007 . Relative roles of habitat size, connectivity, and quality on Chinook salmon use of spawning patches . Ecological Applications , 17 : 352 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , S. L. 2003 . Stream temperature: Scaling of observations and issues for modeling . Hydrological Processes , 17 : 497 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keleher , C. J. and Rahel , F. J. 1996 . Thermal limits to salmonid distributions in the Rocky Mountain region and potential habitat loss due to global warming: A geographic information system (GIS) approach . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 125 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr , R. A. 1997 . Greenhouse forecasting still cloudy . Science , 276 : 1040 – 1042 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles , N. , Dettinger , M. D. and Cayan , D. R. 2006 . Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United States . Journal of Climate , 19 : 4545 – 4559 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koizumi , I. and Maekawa , K. 2004 . Metapopulation structure of stream-dwelling Dolly Varden charr inferred from patterns of occurrence in the Sorachi River basin, Hokkaido, Japan . Freshwater Biology , 49 : 973 – 981 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary , R. F. , Allendorf , F. W. and Forbes , S. H. 1993 . Conservation genetics of bull trout in the Columbia and Klamath river drainages . Conservation Biology , 7 : 856 – 865 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesica , P. and Allendorf , F. W. 1995 . When are peripheral populations valuable for conservation? . Conservation Biology , 9 : 753 – 760 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lettenmaier , D. P. , Vail , L. W. , Yabusaki , S. B. , Brettmann , K. L. and Scott , M. J. 1992 . Sensitivity of Pacific Northwest water resources to global warming . Northwest Environmental Journal , 8 : 265 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , L. R. , Qian , Y. , Bian , X. , Washington , W. W. , Han , J. and Roads , J. O. 2004 . Midcentury ensemble regional climate change for the western United States . Climatic Change , 62 : 75 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littell , R. C. , Milliken , G. A. , Stroup , W. W. and Wolfinger , R. D. 1996 . SAS system for mixed models Cary , North Carolina : SAS Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Luce , C. H. 2005 . “ Fire effects on runoff generation processes ” . In Encyclopedia of hydrological sciences Edited by: Anderson , M. G. and McDonnell , J. J. Vol. 3 , 1831 – 1838 . Chichester , , UK : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Mattson , K. M. and Angermeier , P. L. 2007 . Integrating human impacts and ecological integrity into a risk-based protocol for conservation planning . Environmental Management , 39 : 125 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauser , G. R. 1986 . Enhancement of trout in large north Idaho lakes Boise : Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration . Project F-73-R-8
   Google Scholar
• Mauser , G. R. , Vogelsang , R. W. and Smith , C. L. 1988 . Enhancement of trout in large north Idaho lakes Boise : Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Federal Aid in Fish Restoration . Study Completion Report, Project F-73-R-10
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie , D. , Gedalof , Z. , Peterson , D. L. and Mote , P. 2004 . Climate change, wildfire, and conservation . Conservation Biology , 18 : 890 – 902 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhail , J. D. and Murray , C. B. 1979 . The early life history and ecology of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) in the upper Arrow Lakes Vancouver : Department of Zoology and Institute of Animal Resource Ecology, University of British Columbia . Manuscript Report
   Google Scholar
• Meisner , J. D. 1990 . Effect of climatic warming on the southern margins of the native range of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 47 : 1065 – 1070 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , V. L. 1976 . The regionalization of climate in the western United States . Journal of Applied Meteorology , 15 : 920 – 927 .
   Google Scholar
• Mohseni , O. and Stefan , H. G. 1999 . Stream temperature-air temperature relationship: A physical interpretation . Journal of Hydrology , 218 : 128 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morita , K. and Yamamoto , S. 2002 . Effect of habitat fragmentation by damming on the persistence of stream-dwelling charr populations . Conservation Biology , 16 : 1318 – 1323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mote , P. W. , Hamlet , A. F. , Clark , M. P. and Lettenmaier , D. P. 2005a . Declining mountain snowpack in western North America . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 86 : 39 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mote , P. W. , Salathe , E. and Peacock , C. 2005b . Scenarios of future climate for the Pacific Northwest Washington Seattle : University of .
   Google Scholar
• Muhlfeld , C. C. and Marotz , B. 2005 . Seasonal movement and habitat use by subadult bull trout in the upper Flathead River system, Montana . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 25 : 797 – 810 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakano , S. , Kitano , F. and Maekawa , K. 1996 . Potential fragmentation and loss of thermal habitats for charrs in the Japanese archipelago due to climatic warming . Freshwater Biology , 36 : 711 – 722 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) . 1993 . Climatological data annual summary, Idaho 96(13) Asheville , North Carolina : NOAA .
   Google Scholar
• Parmesan , C. and Yohe , G. 2003 . A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems . Nature (London) , 421 : 37 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul , A. J. and Post , J. R. 2001 . Spatial distribution of native and nonnative salmonids in streams of the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 130 : 417 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , R. L. and Darling , J. D. S. 1985 . The greenhouse effect and nature reserves . BioScience , 35 : 707 – 717 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platts , W. S. 1974 . Geomorphic and aquatic conditions influencing salmonids and stream classification in the Salmon River drainage, Idaho, 1970-1972 Boise , Idaho : U.S. Forest Service . Progress Report III
   Google Scholar
• Platts , W. S. 1979 . Relationships among stream order, fish populations, and aquatic geomorphology in an Idaho river drainage . Fisheries , 4 (2) : 5 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poff , N. L. , Tokar , S. and Johnson , P. 1996 . Stream hydrological and ecological responses to climate change assessed with an artificial neural network . Limnology and Oceanography , 41 : 857 – 863 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt , K. L. A review of bull trout life history . Proceedings of the Gearhart Mountain Bull Trout Workshop . Edited by: Howell , P. J. and Buchanan , D. V. pp. 5 – 9 . Oregon Chapter , Corvallis : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Rabeni , C. F. and Sowa , S. P. 1996 . Integrating biological realism into habitat restoration and conservation strategies for small streams . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 53 (Supplement 1) : 252 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Rahel , F. J. , Keleher , C. J. and Anderson , J. L. 1996 . Potential habitat loss and population fragmentation for coldwater fish in the North Platte River drainage of the Rocky Mountains: Response to climate warming . Limnology and Oceanography , 41 : 1116 – 1123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rich , C. , McMahon , T. , Rieman , B. and Thompson , W. 2003 . Influence of local habitat, watershed, and biotic features on bull trout occurrence in Montana streams . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 132 : 1053 – 1064 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieman , B. E. , Lee , D. C. and Thurow , R. F. 1997 . Distribution, status, and likely future trends of bull trout within the Columbia River and Klamath River basins . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 17 : 895 – 909 .
   Google Scholar
• Rieman , B. E. and McIntyre , J. D. 1995 . Occurrence of bull trout in naturally fragmented habitat patches of varied size . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 124 : 285 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieman , B. E. , Peterson , J. T. and Myers , D. L. 2006 . Have brook trout displaced bull trout along longitudinal gradients in central Idaho streams? . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 63 : 63 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Root , T. L. , Price , J. T. , Hall , K. R. , Schneider , S. H. , Rosenzweig , C. and Pounds , J. A. 2003 . Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants . Nature (London) , 421 : 57 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seegrist , D. W. and Gard , R. 1972 . Effects of floods on trout in Sagehen Creek, California . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 101 : 478 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selong , J. H. , McMahon , T. E. , Zale , A. V. and Barrows , F. T. 2001 . Effect of temperature on growth and survival of bull trout, with application of an improved method for determining thermal tolerance in fishes . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 130 : 1026 – 1037 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuter , B. J. and Meisner , J. D. 1992 . Tools for assessing the impact of climate change on freshwater fish populations . Geojournal , 28 : 7 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Stephan , H. G. and Preud'homme , E. B. 1993 . Stream temperature estimation from air temperatures . Water Resources Bulletin , 29 : 27 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , I. T. , Cayan , D. R. and Dettinger , M. D. 2005 . Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America . Journal of Climate , 18 : 1136 – 1155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoneman , C. L. and Jones , M. J. 1996 . A simple method to classify stream thermal stability with single observations of daily maximum water and air temperature . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 16 : 728 – 737 .
   Google Scholar
• Swanberg , T. 1997 . Movements of and habitat use by fluvial bull trout in the Blackfoot River, Montana . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 126 : 735 – 746 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarboton , D. G. 1997 . A new method for the determination of flow directions and contributing areas in grid digital elevation models . Water Resources Research , 33 : 309 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , G. and Hillman , T. W. 1997 . Factors contributing to the distribution and abundance of bull trout: An investigation of ecologic hierarchies . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 17 : 237 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Westerling , A. L. , Hidalgo , H. G. , Cayan , D. R. and Swetnam , T. W. 2006 . Warming and earlier spring increases western U.S. forest wildfire activity . Science , 313 : 940 – 943 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar