Improving surgical outcomes in renal cell carcinoma involving the inferior vena cava

References

• Weiser TG, Regenbogen SE, Thompson KD et al. An estimation of the global volume of surgery: a modelling strategy based on available data. Lancet 372, 139–144 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawande AA, Thomas EJ, Zinner MJ, Brennan TA. The incidence and nature of surgical adverse events in Colorado and Utah in 1992. Surgery 126, 66–75 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kable AK, Gibberd RW, Spigelman AD. Adverse events in surgical patients in Australia. Int. J. Qual. Health Care 14, 269–276 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Alliance for Patient Safety. WHO Guidelines for Safe Surgery. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Vincent C, Moorthy K, Sarker SK, Chang A, Darzi AW. Systems approaches for surgical quality and safety: from concept to measurement. Ann. Surg. 239, 475–482 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clavien PA, Dindo D. Surgeon’s intuition: is it enough to assess patients’ surgical risk? World J. Surg. 31, 1909–1911 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Sokol DK, Wilson J. What is a surgical complication? World J. Surg. 32, 942–944 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veen MR, Lardenoye JW, Kastelein GW, Breslau PJ. Recording and classification of complications in a surgical practice. Eur. J. Surg. 165, 421–424, discussion 425 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Kane RL. Approaching the outcomes question. In: Understanding Health Care Outcomes Research. Aspen Publications. Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 1–16 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Mitropoulos D, Artibani W, Graefen M, Remzi M, Rouprêt M, Truss M. Reporting and Trading complications after urological procedures: an ad hoc EAU guidelines panel assessment and recommendations. Eur. Urol. 61, 341–349 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patard, JJ. Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava invasion: an orphan disease? Eur. Urol. 50, 208–210 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• González J, Gorin MA, Ciancio G. Long-term survival after radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma with tumour thrombus. BJU Int. 111, E8–E9 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Bertges DJ, Shackford SR, Cloud AK et al. Toward optimal recording of surgical complications: concurrent tracking compared to the discharge data set. Surgery 141, 19–31 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Dindo D, Hahnloser D, Clavien PA. Quality assessment in surgery: riding a lame horse. Ann. Surg. 251, 766–771 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Fink AS, Campbell DA Jr, Mentzer RM Jr et al. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program in non-veterans administration hospitals: initial demonstration of feasibility. Ann. Surg. 236, 344–353, discussion 353–354 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baniel J, Bihrle R, Wahle GR, Foster RS. Splenic rupture during occlusion of the porta hepatis in resection of tumors with vena caval extension. J. Urol. 151, 992–994 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Sweeney P, Wood CG, Pisters LL et al. Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma associated with complex inferior vena caval thrombi. Urol. Oncol. 21, 327–333 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blute ML, Leibovich BC, Lohse CM, Cheville JC, Zincke H. The Mayo Clinic experience with surgical management, complications and outcome for patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumour thrombus. BJU Int. 94, 33–41 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parra J, Drouin SJ, Hupertan V, Comperat E, Bitker MO, Rouprêt M. Oncological outcomes in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy and vena cava thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma with venous extension: a single-centre experience. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 37, 422–428 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Burt M. Inferior vena caval involvement by renal cell carcinoma. Use of venovenous bypass as adjunct during resection. Urol. Clin. North Am. 18, 347–344 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Staehler G, Brkovic D. The role of radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma with extension into the vena cava. J. Urol. 163, 1671–1675 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tongaonkar HB, Dandekar NP, Dalal AV, Kulkarni JN, Kamat MR. Renal cell carcinoma extending to the renal vein and inferior vena cava: results of surgical treatment and prognostic factors. J. Surg. Oncol. 59, 94–100 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klatte T, Pantuck AJ, Riggs SB et al. Prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extension. J. Urol. 178, 1189–1195 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Salamanca JI, Huang WC, Millán I et al. Prognostic impact of the 2009 UICC/AJCC TNM staging system for renal cell carcinoma with venous extension. Eur. Urol. 59, 120–127 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert EH, Pierorazio PM, Shabsigh A et al. Prognostic risk stratification and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma with vascular tumor thrombus. Urology 69, 1054–1058 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zini L, Destrieux-Garnier L, Leroy X et al. Renal vein ostium wall invasion of renal cell carcinoma with an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus: prediction by renal and vena caval vein diameters and prognostic significance. J. Urol. 179, 450–454, discussion 454 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Sidana A, Goyal J, Aggarwal P, Verma P, Rodriguez R. Determinants of outcomes after resection of renal cell carcinoma with venous involvement. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 44, 1671–1679 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilki D, Nguyen HG, Dall’era MA et al. Impact of histologic subtype on cancer-specific survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus. Eur. Urol. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.048 (2013) ( Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Boorjian SA, Blute ML. Surgery for vena caval tumor extension in renal cancer. Curr. Opin. Urol. 19, 473–477 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Hedderich GS, O’Connor RJ, Reid EC, Mulder DS. Caval tumor thrombus complicating renal cell carcinoma: a surgical challenge. Surgery 102, 614–621 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Guzzo TJ, Pierorazio PM, Schaeffer EM et al. The accuracy of multidetector computerized tomography for evaluating tumor thrombus in patients with renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol. 181, 486–491 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Rigaud J, Hetet JF, Braud G et al. Surgical care, morbidity, mortality and follow-up after nephrectomy for renal cancer with extension of tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava: retrospective study since 1990s. Eur. Urol. 50, 302–310 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margulis V, Master VA, Cost NG et al. International consultation on urologic diseases and the European Association of Urology on locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. Eur. Urol. 60, 673–683 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury UK, Mishra AK, Seth A et al. Novel techniques for tumor thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma with intraatrial tumor thrombus. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83, 1731–1736 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Lubahn JG, Sagalowsky AI, Rosenbaum DH et al. Contemporary techniques and safety of cardiovascular procedures in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 131, 1289–1295 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• González J, Gorin MA, Garcia-Roig M, Ciancio G. Inferior vena cava resection and reconstruction: technical considerations in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus. Urol. Oncol. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.01.004 (2013) ( Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Chao DH et al. Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus: is cytoreductive nephrectomy for advanced disease associated with an increased complication rate? J. Urol. 168, 962–967 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuch B, Larochelle JC, Onyia T et al. Intraoperative thrombus embolization during nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy: critical analysis of the University of California-Los Angeles experience. J. Urol. 181, 492–498, discussion 498–499 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abel EJ, Wood CG, Eickstaedt N et al. Preoperative pulmonary embolism does not predict poor postoperative outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous thrombus. J. Urol. 190, 452–457 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Ayyathurai R, Garcia-Roig M, Gorin MA et al. Bland thrombus association with tumor thrombus: analysis of surgical significance and role of inferior vena cava interruption. BJU Int. 110, E449–E455 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmreich RL, Davies JM. Human factors in the operating room: interpersonal determinants of safety, efficiency and morale. Baillieres Clin. Anaesthesiol. 10, 277–295 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• de Leval MR, Carthey J, Wright DJ et al. Human factors and cardiac surgery: a multicentre study. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 119, 661–672 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carthey J, de Leval MR, Reason JT. The human factor in cardiac surgery: errors and nearmisses in a high technology medical domain. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 72, 300–305 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catchpole KR, Giddings AE, Wilkinson M et al. Improving patient safety by identifying latent failures in successful operations. Surgery 142, 102–110 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy AN, Undre S, Vincent CA. Developing observational measures of performance in surgical teams. Qual. Saf. Health Care 13, i33–i40 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA 287, 226–235 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed K, Ashrafian H, Hanna GB et al. Assessment of specialists in cardiovascular practice. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 6, 659–667 (2009).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter BN. The fruition of Halsted’s concept of surgical training. Surgery 32, 518–527 (1952).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González J. Del carácter y la experiencia en el arte de la cirugía. Arch. Esp. Urol. 64, 153–155 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson KA. Deliberate practice and the acquisition and maintenance of expert performance in medicine and related domains. Acad. Med. 79, S70–S81 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yule S, Flin R, Paterson-Brown S et al. Non-technical skills for surgeons: a review of the literature. Surgery 139, 140–149 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawande AA, Zinner MJ, Studdert DM et al. Analysis of errors reported by surgeons at three teaching hospitals. Surgery 133, 614–621 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers SO Jr, Gawande AA, Kwann M et al. Analysis of surgical errors in closed malpractice claims at 4 liability insurers. Surgery 140, 25–33 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg CC, Regenbogen SE, Studdert DM et al. Patterns of communication breakdowns resulting in injury to surgical patients. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 204, 533–540 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingard L, Espin S, Whyte S et al. Communication failures in the operating room: an observational classification of recurrent types and effects. Qual. Saf. Health Care 13, 330–334 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi S, Gorin MA, Ayyathurai R, Ciancio G. Development of a surgical safety checklist for the performance of radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy. Patient Saf. Surg. 6, 27–31 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Kurpad R, Kim W, Rathmell WK et al. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of urologic malignancies: does it influence diagnostic and treatment decisions? Urol. Oncol. 29, 378–382 (2011).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrowsky H, Demartines N, Rousson V, Clavien PA. Evidence-based value of prophylactic drainage in gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Ann. Surg. 240, 1074–1084 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karliczek A, Jesus EC, Matos D, Castro AA, Atallah AN, Wiggers T. Drainage or nondrainage in elective colorectal anastomosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis. 8, 259–265 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Nelson R, Edwards S, Tse B. Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (1), CD004929 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Basse L, Werner M, Kehlet H. Is urinary drainage necessary during continuous epidural analgesia after colonic resection? Reg. Anesth. Pain Med. 25, 498–501 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Zaouter C, Kaneva P, Carli F. Less urinary tract infection by earlier removal of bladder catheter in surgical patients receiving thoracic epidural analgesia. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med. 34, 542–548 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Rasmussen MS, Jorgensen LN, Wille-Jorgensen P. Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (1), CD004318 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandala M, Falanga A, Roila F; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann. Oncol. 22, vi85–vi92 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould MK, Garcia DA, Wren SM et al.; American College of Chest Physicians. Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 141, e227S–e277S (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Spencer FA et al. Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 141, e326S–e350S (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodruff DY, Velhuizen PV, Muehlebach G, Johnson P, Williamson T, Holzbeierlein JM. The perioperative management of an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urol. Oncol. 31, 517–521 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klipfel J, Jacobson TM, Havel M. Radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomy: implications for post-operative nursing care. Urol. Nurs. 30, 347–352 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Calhoun JB, Merchen TD, Brown JA. Radical nephrectomy and inferior vena caval thrombectomy: outcomes in a lower volume practice. Can. J. Urol. 18, 5537–5541 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Almoudaris AM, Burns EM, Mamidanna R et al. Value of failure to rescue as a marker of the standard of care following reoperation for complications after colorectal resection. Br. J. Surg. 98, 1775–1783 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Ghaferi AA, Osborne NH, Birkmeyer JD et al. Hospital characteristics associated with failure to rescue from complications after pancreatectomy. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 211, 325–330 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves RJ, Zincke H. Surgical treatment of renal cancer with vena cava extension. Br. J. Urol. 59, 390–5 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorin MA, González J, Garcia-Roig M, Ciancio G. Transplantation techniques for the resection of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus: a technical description and review. Urol. Oncol. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.06.013 (2012) ( Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Loffroy R, Rao P, Ota S, Geschwind JF. Renal artery embolisation prior to radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: when, how and why? Br. J. Radiol. 83, 630, author reply 631–632 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian VS, Stephenson AJ, Goldfarb DA, Fergany AF, Novick AC, Krishnamurthi V. Utility of preoperative renal artery embolization for management of renal tumors with inferior vena caval thrombi. Urology 74, 154–159 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellons E, Rosenthal D, Schoborg T, Shuler F, Levitt A. Renal cell carcinoma invading the inferior vena cava: use of a “temporary” vena cava filter to prevent tumor emboli during nephrectomy. Urology 63, 380–382 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Kappa SF, Morgan TM, Keegan KA, Cookson MS. Inferior vena cava filter strut perforation discovered during right robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Urology 79, e49–e50 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Chandra PA, Nwokolo C, Chuprun D, Chandra AB. Cardiac tamponade caused by fracture and migration of inferior vena cava filter. South Med. J. 101, 1163–1164 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 28, 556–569 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady M, Kinn S, Stuart P. Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (4), CD004423 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Noblett SE, Watson DS, Huong H, Davison B, Hainsworth PJ, Horgan AF. Preoperative oral carbohydrate loading in colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis. 8, 563–569 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soop M, Nygren J, Myrenfors P, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O. Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates immediate postoperative insulin resistance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 280, E576–E583 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svanfeldt M, Thorell A, Hausel J et al. Randomized clinical trial of the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment on postoperative whole-body protein and glucose kinetics. Br. J. Surg. 94, 1342–1350 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawlinson A, Kitchingham N, Hart C, McMahon G, Ling OS, Khanna A. Mechanisms of reducing postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of current techniques. Evid. Based Med. 17, 75–80 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• De Oliveira GS Jr, Almeida MD, Benzon HT, McCarthy RJ. Perioperative single dose systemic dexamethasone for postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology 115, 575–588 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen HK, Lewis SJ, Thomas S. Early enteral nutrition within 24 h of colorectal surgery versus later commencement of feeding for postoperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (4), CD004080 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Vlug MS, Bartels SA, Wind J, Ubbink DT, Hollmann MW, Bemelman WA. Which fast track elements predict early recovery after colon cancer surgery? Colorectal Dis. 14, 1001–1008 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis SJ, Andersen HK, Thomas S. Early enteral nutrition within 24 h of intestinal surgery versus later commencement of feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 13, 569–575 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehlet H. Postoperative ileus – an update on preventive techniques. Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5, 552–558 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawindy SM, Kurian T, Kim T et al. Important surgical considerations in the management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumour thrombus. BJU Int. 110, 926–39 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Mythen M. Fit for surgery? Anesth. Analg. 112, 1002–1004 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Galloway M. Insertion and placement of central catheters in the oncology patient. Semin. Oncol. Nurs. 26, 102–112 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Challand C, Struthers R, Sneyd JR et al. Randomized controlled trial of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy in aerobically fit and unfit patients having major colorectal surgery. Br. J. Anaesth. 108, 53–62 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Senagore AJ, Emery T, Luchtefeld MA, Kim D, Dujovny N, Hoedema R. Fluid management for laparoscopic colectomy: a prospective, randomized assessment of goal-directed administration of balanced salt solution or hetastarch coupled with an enhanced recovery program. Dis. Colon Rectum 52, 1935–1940 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Bundgaard-Nielsen M, Secher NH, Kehlet H. ‘Liberal’ vs. ‘restrictive’ perioperative fluid therapy – a critical assessment of the evidence. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 53, 843–851 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Oikawa T, Shimazui T, Johraku A et al. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for inferior vena caval tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma. Int. J. Urol. 11, 189–192 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Ciancio G, Shirodkar SP, Soloway MS, Livingstone AS, Barron M, Salerno TA. Renal carcinoma with supradiaphragmatic tumor thrombus: avoiding sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 89, 505–10 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Gantt CL. Red blood cells for cancer patients. Lancet 2, 363 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson DB, Beck AW, Burdine MS, Brekken R, Silliman CS, Barnett CS Jr. Accumulation of pro-cancer cytokines in the plasma fraction of stored packed red cells. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 16, 460–468 (2012).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber RS, Jabbour N, Martin RC II. Anemia and transfusions in patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 15, 34–45 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Waters JH, Yazer M, Chen YF, Kloke J. Blood salvage and cancer surgery: a meta-analysis of available studies. Transfusion 52(10), 2167–2173 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Bratzler DW, Houck PM. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: an advisory statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38, 1706–1715 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson RL, Glenny AM, Song F. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (1), CD001181 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Grabe M, Botto H, Cek M et al. Preoperative assessment of the patient and risk factors for infectious complications and tentative classification of surgical field contamination of urological procedures. World J. Urol. 30, 39–50 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner J, Norrie P, Melen K. Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (11), CD004122 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner J, Swarbrook S, Stuart J. Surgical hand antisepsis to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (1), CD004288 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidya A, Ciancio G, Soloway M. Surgical techniques for treating a renal neoplasm invading the inferior vena cava. J. Urol. 169, 435–444 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Grantcharov TP, Rosenberg J. Vertical compared with transverse incisions in abdominal surgery. Eur. J. Surg. 167, 260–267 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown SR, Goodfellow PB. Transverse versus midline incisions for abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (4), CD005199 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Ciancio G, Gonzalez J, Shirodkar SP, Angulo JC, Soloway MS. Liver transplantation techniques for the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava: step-by-step description. Eur. Urol. 59, 401–406 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González J, Angulo J, Ciancio G. Surgical management of renal cell cancer with tumor thrombus through an exclusive transabdominal approach. Arch. Esp. Urol. 64, 297–309 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Ciancio G, Vaidya A, Soloway M. Early ligation of the renal artery using the posterior approach: a basic surgical concept reinforced during resection of large hypervascular renal cell carcinoma with or without inferior vena cava thrombus. BJU Int. 92, 488–489 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Gorin MA, Garcia-Roig M, Shirodkar SP, Gonzalez J, Ciancio G. Modified surgical technique for the management of renal cell carcinoma with level I or II tumor thrombus. Urology 79, 478–481 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González J, Shirodkar SP, Ciancio G. Multivisceral organ procurement for transplantation derived mobilization maneouvres: very helpful auxiliary techniques in the excision of large retroperitoneal masses. Arch. Esp. Urol. 64, 257–266 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Ciancio G, Vaidya A, Shirodkar S, Manoharan M, Hakky T, Soloway M. En bloc mobilization of the pancreas and spleen to facilitate resection of large tumors, primarily renal and adrenal, in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen: techniques derived from multivisceral transplantation. Eur. Urol. 55, 1106–1111 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Tzakis A, Todo S, Starzl TE. Orthotopic liver transplantation with preservation of the inferior vena cava. Ann. Surg. 210, 649–652 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann K, Weigand MA, Hillebrand N, Büchler MW, Schmidt J, Schemmer P. Is veno-venous bypass still needed Turing liver transplantation? A review of the literature. Clin. Transplant. 23, 1–8 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Joshi S, Gorin MA, Ciancio G. Release of the inferior vena cava ligament during caval thrombectomy causing tumor thrombus embolization. Urol. Int. 90, 490–492 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Longo WE, Virgo KS, Johnson FE et al. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality after colectomy for colon cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 43, 83–91 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Evidence-based surgical care and the evolution of fast-track surgery. Ann. Surg. 248, 189–198 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang Y. Hemodynamic changes during intra-abdominal organ transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 25, 2583–2587 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffith BP, Shaw BW, Hardesty RL, Iwatsuki S, Bahnson HT, Starzl TE. Veno-venous bypass without systemic anticoagulation for transplantation of the human liver. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 160, 271–272 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Gurusamy KS, Pamecha V, Davidson BR. Veno-venous bypass versus none for liver transplantation. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (3), CD007712 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Ngaage D. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: the myth, the logic and the science. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 24, 557–570 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Schneider M, Hadaschik B, Hallscheidt P et al. Manual repositioning of intra-atrial kidney cancer tumor thrombus: a technique reducing the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. Urology 81, 909–914 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Mazzola A, Gregorini R, Villani C et al. Cavoatrial tumor thrombectomy with systemic circulatory arrest and antegrade cerebral perfusion. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83, 1564–1565 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Wotkowicz C, Libertino JA, Sorcini A, Mourtzinos A. Management of renal cell carcinoma with vena cava and atrial thrombus: minimal access vs median sternotomy with circulatory arrest. BJU Int. 98, 289–297 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Kehlet H, Dahl JB. Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery. Lancet 362, 1921–1628 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuford MD, McDougall EM, Chang SS, La Fleur BJ, Smith JA Jr, Cookson MS. Complications of contemporary radical nephrectomy: comparison open vs. Laparoscopic approach. Urol. Oncol. 22, 121–126 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abaza R. Robotic surgery and minimally invasive management of renal tumors with vena caval extension. Curr. Opin. Urol. 21, 104–109 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• González J. Update on surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with venous extension. Curr. Urol. Rep. 13, 8–15 (2012).
   Google Scholar