Sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous head and neck malignancies

References

• Gould EA, Winship T, Philbin PH, Kerr HH. Observations on a ‘sentinel node’ in cancer of the parotid. Cancer 1960;13:77-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al. Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg 1992;127:392-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton DL, Wen DR, Foshag LJ, et al. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and selective cervical lymphadenectomy for early-stage melanomas of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1751-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grégoire V, Ang K, Budach W, et al. Delineation of the neck node levels for head and neck tumors: a 2013 update. DAHANCA, EORTC, HKNPCSG, NCIC CTG, NCRI, RTOG, TROG consensus guidelines. Radiother Oncol 2014;110(1):172-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mar MV, Miller SA, Kim EE, Macapinlac HA. Evaluation and localization of lymphatic drainage and sentinel lymph nodes in patients with head and neck melanomas by hybrid SPECT/CT lymphoscintigraphic imaging. J Nucl Med Technol 2007;35(1):10-16. quiz 17-20.6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Veenstra HJ, Vermeeren L, Olmos RA, Nieweg OE. The additional value of lymphatic mapping with routine SPECT/CT in unselected patients with clinically localized melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19:1018-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeeren L, Valdes Olmos RA, Klop WM, et al. SPECT/CT for sentinel lymph node mapping in head and neck melanoma. Head Neck 2011;33:1-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bagaria SP, Faries MB, Morton DL. Sentinel node biopsy in melanoma: technical considerations of the procedure as performed at the John Wayne Cancer Institute. J Surg Oncol 2010;101(8):669-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMasters KM, Reintgen DS, Ross MI, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: how many radioactive nodes should be removed? Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8:192-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner T, Buscombe J, Gnanasegaran G, Navalkissoor S. SPECT/CT in sentinel node imaging. Nucl Med Commun 2013;34(3):191-202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Final trial report of sentinel-node biopsy versus nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2014;370(7):599-609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63(1):11-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gershenwald JE, Thompson W, Mansfield PF, et al. Multi-institutional melanoma lymphatic mapping experience: the prognostic value of sentinel lymph node status in 612 stage I or II melanoma patients. J Clin Oncol 1999;17(3):976-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee C, Collichio F, Ollila D, Moschos S. Historical review of melanoma treatment and outcomes. Clin Dermatol 2013;31(2):141-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balch CM, Soong SJ, Gershenwald JE, et al. Prognostic factors analysis of 17,600 melanoma patients: validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system. J Clin Oncol 2001;19(16):3622-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine SM, Shapiro RL. Surgical treatment of malignant melanoma: practical guidelines. Dermatol Clin 2012;30(3):487-501
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morton DL, Cochran AJ, Thompson JF, et al. Sentinel node biopsy for early-stage melanoma: accuracy and morbidity in MSLT-1, an international multicenter trial. Ann Surg 2005;242:302-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton DL. Overview and update of the phase III Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trials (MSLT-I and MSLT-II) in melanoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012;29(7):699-706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Final trial report of sentinel-node biopsy versus nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2014;370(7):599-609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong SL, Balch CM, Hurley P, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Society of Surgical Oncology joint clinical practice guideline. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19(11):3313-24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rondelli F, Vedovati MC, Becattini C, et al. Prognostic role of sentinel node biopsy in patients with thick melanoma: a meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012;26(5):560-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gershenwald JE, Mansfield PF, Lee JE, Ross MI. Role for lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thick (> or = 4 mm) primary melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7(2):160-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scoggins CR, Bowen AL, Martin RC2nd, et al. Prognostic information from sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thick melanoma. Arch Surg 2010;145(7):622-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrone CR, Panageas KS, Busam K, et al. Multivariate prognostic model for patients with thick cutaneous melanoma: importance of sentinel lymph node status. Ann Surg Oncol 2002;9(7):637-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdos C, Griffith KA, Wong SL, et al. Is there a benefit to sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with T4 melanoma. Cancer 2009;115(24):5752-60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green AC, Baade P, Coory M, et al. Population-based 20-year survival among people diagnosed with thin melanomas in Queensland, Australia. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(13):1462-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andtbacka RH, Gershenwald JE. Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thin melanoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2009;7(3):308-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faries MB, Wanek LA, Elashoff D, et al. Predictors of occult nodal metastasis in patients with thin melanoma. Arch Surg 2010;145:137-42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morton DL, Thompson JF, Essner R, et al. Validation of the accuracy of intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for early-stage melanoma: a multicenter trial. Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial Group. Ann Surg 1999;230(4):453-63; discussion 463-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han D, Zager JS, Shyr Y, et al. Clinicopathologic predictors of sentinel lymph node metastasis in thin melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(35):4387-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han D, Yu D, Zhao X, et al. Sentinel node biopsy is indicated for thin melanomas ≥0.76 mm. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19(11):3335-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranieri JM, Wagner JD, Wenck S, et al. The prognostic importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in thin melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:927-32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kesmodel SB, Karakousis GC, Botbyl JD, et al. Mitotic rate as a predictor of sentinel lymph node positivity in patients with thin melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol 2005;12:449-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson JF, Soong SJ, Balch CM, et al. Prognostic significance of mitotic rate in localized primary cutaneous melanoma: an analysis of patients in the multi-institutional American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging database. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(16):2199-205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sondak VK, Taylor JM, Sabel MS, et al. Mitotic rate and younger age are predictors of sentinel lymph node positivity: lessons learned from the generation of a probabilistic model. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11:247-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright BE, Scheri RP, Ye X, et al. Importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thin melanoma. Arch Surg 2008;143:892-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erman AB, Collar RM, Griffith KA, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is accurate and prognostic in head and neck melanoma. Cancer 2012;118(4):1040-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patuzzo R, Maurichi A, Camerini T, et al. Accuracy and prognostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck melanomas. J Surg Res 2014;187(2):518-24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemos B, Nghiem P. Merkel cell carcinoma: more deaths but still no pathway to blame. J Invest Dermatol 2007;127(9):2100-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garneski KM, Warcola AH, Feng Q, et al. Merkel cell polyomavirus is more frequently present in North American than Australian Merkel cell carcinoma tumors. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:246-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassem A, Schopflin A, Diaz C, et al. Frequent detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinomas and identification of a unique deletion in the VP1 gene. Cancer Res 2008;68:5009-50013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker JC, Houben R, Ugurel S, et al. MC polyomavirus is frequently present in Merkel cell carcinoma of European patients. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:248-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popp S, Waltering S, Herbst C, et al. UV-B-type mutations and chromosomal imbalances indicate common pathways for the development of Merkel and skin squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2002;99:352-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study. J Cutan Pathol 2010;37(1):20-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koljonen V, Kukko H, Tukiainen E, et al. Incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:3231-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensaleh H, Perney P, Dereure O, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma in a liver transplant patient. Am J Clin Dermatol 2007;8:239-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• An KP, Ratner D. Merkel cell carcinoma in the setting of HIV infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:309-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calder KB, Smoller BR. New insights into Merkel cell carcinoma. Adv Anat Pathol 2010;17(3):155-61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith VA, Camp ER, Lentsch EJ. Merkel cell carcinoma: identification of prognostic factors unique to tumors located in the head and neck based on analysis of SEER data. Laryngoscope 2012;122(6):1283-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen PJ, Bowne WB, Jaques DP, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: prognosis and treatment of patients from a single institution. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(10):2300-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bichakjian CK, Lowe L, Lao CD, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: critical review with guidelines for multidisciplinary management. Cancer 2007;110(1):1-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemos BD, Storer BE, Iyer JG, et al. Pathologic nodal evaluation improves prognostic accuracy in Merkel cell carcinoma: analysis of 5823 cases as the basis of the first consensus staging system. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63(5):751-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarnaik AA, Lien MH, Nghiem P, Bichakjian CK. Clinical recognition, diagnosis, and staging of Merkel cell carcinoma, and the role of the multidisciplinary management team. Curr Probl Cancer 2010;34:38-46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merkel cell carcinoma. American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7 Springer; New York, NY: 2010. p. 315-19
   Google Scholar
• Lemos BD, Storer BE, Iyer JG, et al. Development of the first American join committee on cancer staging system for Merkel cell carcinoma based upon prognostic factors analysis of 5.823 national cancer database cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63(5):751-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillenwater AM, Hessel AC, Morrison WH, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: effect of surgical excision and radiation on recurrence and survival. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;127(2):149-54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith DE, Bielamowicz S, Kagan AR, et al. Cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma. A report of 35 cases. Am J Clin Oncol 1995;18(3):199-203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawryluk EB, O’Regan KN, Sheehy N, et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in Merkel cell carcinoma: a study of 270 scans in 97 patients at the Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68(4):592-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treglia G, Kakhki VR, Giovanella L, Sadeghi R. Diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2013;14(6):437-47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shibayama Y, Imafuku S, Takahashi A, Nakayama J. Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: statistical analysis of 403 reported cases. Int J Clin Oncol 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howle J, Veness M. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: an emerging role and the Westmead hospital experience. Australas J Dermatol 2012;53(1):26-31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz JL, Griffith KA, Lowe L, et al. Features predicting sentinel lymph node positivity in Merkel cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(8):1036-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta SG, Wang LC, Peñas PF, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for evaluation and treatment of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: the Dana-Farber experience and meta-analysis of the literature. Arch Dermatol 2006;142(6):685-90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santamaria-Barria JA, Boland GM, Yeap BY, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: 30-year experience from a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol 2013;20(4):1365-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields RC, Busam KJ, Chou JF, et al. Recurrence and survival in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy for Merkel cell carcinoma: analysis of 153 patients from a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18(9):2529-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch VA, Camp ER, Lentsch EJ. Sentinel lymph node status in Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: not a predictor of survival. Head Neck 2014;36(4):571-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi R, Adinehpoor Z, Maleki M, et al. Prognostic significance of sentinel lymph node mapping in Merkel cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic studies. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:489536
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jouary T, Leyral C, Dreno B, et al. Adjuvant prophylactic regional radiotherapy versus observation in stage I Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicentric prospective randomized study. Ann Oncol 2012;23(4):1074-80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mojica P, Smith D, Ellenhorn JD. Adjuvant radiation therapy is associated with improved survival in Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(9):1043-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam M, Ratner D. Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2001;344(13):975-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Euvrard S, Kanitakis J, Claudy A. Skin cancers after organ transplantation. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1681-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karia PS, Han J, Schmults CD. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: estimated incidence of disease, nodal metastasis, and deaths from disease in the United States, 2012. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68(6):957-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore BA, Weber RS, Prieto V, et al. Lymph node metastases from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 2005;115:1561-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farasat S, Yu SS, Neel VA, et al. A new American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: creation and rationale for inclusion of tumor (T) characteristics. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;64(6):1051-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmults CD, Karia PS, Carter JB, et al. Factors predictive of recurrence and death from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a 10-year, single-institution cohort study. JAMA Dermatol 2013;149:541-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Kanetsky PA, Karia PS, et al. Evaluation of AJCC tumor staging for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and a proposed alternative tumor staging system. JAMA Dermatol 2013;149:402-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karia PS, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A, Harrington DP, et al. Evaluation of American Joint Committee on Cancer, International Union Against Cancer, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital tumor staging for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:327-34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dinehart S, Pollack S. Metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and lip: an analysis of twenty-seven cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:241-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwon S, Dong ZM, Wu PC. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: clinical experience and review of literature. World J Surg Oncol 2011;9:80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmed MM, Moore BA, Schmalbach CE. Utility of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma sentinel node biopsy: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014;150:180-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takahashi A, Imafuku S, Nakayama J, et al. Sentinel node biopsy for high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014;40(10):1256-62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Demir H, Isken T, Kus E, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy with a gamma probe in patients with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: follow-up results of sentinel lymph node-negative patients. Nucl Med Commun 2011;32:1216-22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reschly MJ, Messina JL, Zaulyanov LL, et al. Utility of sentinel lymphadenectomy in the management of patients with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2003;29:135-40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amato M, Esmaeli B, Ahmadi MA, et al. Feasibility of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for identification of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with conjunctival and periocular skin malignancies. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;19:102-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savar A, Ross MI, Prieto VG, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for ocular adnexal melanoma: experience in 30 patients. Ophthalmology 2009;116:2217-23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coit DG, Andtbacka R, Anker CJ, et al. Melanoma, version 2.2013: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2013;11(4):395-407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong SL, Balch CM, Hurley P, Agarwala SS. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Society of Surgical Oncology joint clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(23):2912-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar