Treatment of brain metastases in uncommon tumors

REFERENCE

• Gaspar L. Scott C, Rotman M etaleta].etal Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastases trials. etalInt. Racliat. Oncol Biol.etal etalPhyc.etal 37, 745–751 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• ••Analysis etalof etaltumor/patient etalcharacteristics and treatment variables in previous Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastasis studies was considered necessary to fully evaluate the benefit of new interventions.
   Google Scholar
• Patchell RA. The treatment of brain metastases. etalCancer Invest.etal 14 (2), 169–177 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Arnold SM, Patchell RA. Diagnosis and management of brain metastases. etalIlematoletal etalOncol Gun. North Am.etal 15, 1085–1107 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Wen PY, Loeffler JS. Management of brain metastases. etalOncology (Huntingt)13,etal 941–954 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Carter JH Jr, Friedman AH, Seigler HE Demographics, prognosis, and therapy in 702 patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma.j etalNeurosurg.etal 88, 11–20 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Schouten LJ, Rutten J, Huveneers HA, Twijnstra A. Incidence of brain metastases in a cohort of patients with carcinoma of the breast, colon, kidney, lung and melanoma. etalCancer94,etal 2698–2705 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• •Updated epidemiologic analysis of trends in the incidence of brain metastases.
   Google Scholar
• Maesawa S, Kondziolka D, Thompson TP, Flickinger JC, Dade L. Brain metastases in patients with no known primary tumor. etalCancer89,etal 1095–1101 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Fidler IJ, Yano S, Zhang RD, Fujimaki T, Bucana CD. The seed and soil hypothesis: vascularisation and brain metastases. etalLancet Oncoletal 3(1), 53–57 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Development of a relevant mouse modelfor the establishment and growth of brain metastases is essential for study of the biology and therapy of brain metastases.
   Google Scholar
• Puduvalli VK, Sawaya R. Anti-angiogenesis: therapeutic strategies and clinical implications for brain tumors. etalNeumoncoletal 50(1-2), 189–200 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Hwang TL, Close TP, Grego JM, Brannon WL, Gonzales E Predilection of brain metastasis in gray and white matter junction and vascular border zones. etalCanceretal 77,1551–1555 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Sze G, Milano E, Johnson C, Heier L. Detection of brain metastases: comparison of contrast-enhanced MR with unenhanced MR and enhanced CT etalAJNR Arn. Neuroradial 11,etal 785–791 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Riva M, Landonio G, Arena 0 etalet aletal Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and supportive care of metastatic brain cancer. etalForum (Genova)11,4-26etal (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Weaver S, Rosenblum MK, De Angelis LD. Herpes varicella zoster encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. etalNeumlogyetal 52,193–195 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Posner JB. Management of brain metastases. etalRev Neuraletal 148,477–487 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Jeong HJ, Chung JK, Kim YK etalet aletal Usefulness of whole-body (18)F-FDG PET in patients with suspected metastatic brain tumors. etalj Nucl. Med.etal 43,1432–1437 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Chiang IC, Kuo YT, Lu CY etalet al.etal Distinction between high-grade gliomas and solitary metastases using peritumoral 3-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion, and perfusion imaging. etalNeuroradiology 46(8), etal 619–627 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Lagerwaard FJ, Levendag PC, Nowak PJ etalet aletal Identification of prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases: a review of 1292 patients. etalInt. j Radiat. Oncoletal etalPhys.etal 434,795–803 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Walsh JW etaleta].etal A randomized trial of surgery in the treatment of single metastases to the brain. etalN. Engl. Medetal 322,494–500 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Vecht CJ, Haaxrna-Reiche H, Noordijk EM etalet aletal Treatment of single brain metastasis: radiotherapy alone or combined with neurosurgery? etalAnn. Neuraletal 33,583–590 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Mintz AH, Kestle J, Rathbone MP etalet aletal A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of surgery in addition to radiotherapy in patients with a single cerebral metastasis. etalCancer78,etal 1470–1476 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Bindal RK, Savaya R, Leavens ME etalet aletal Surgical treatment of multiple brain metastases. etalJ. Neurasurg:etal 79,210–216 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patchell RA, Tibbs PA, Regine WF etalet aletal Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of single metastases to the brain: a randomized trial. etalJAIVIAetal 280,1485–1489 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Berk L. An overview of radiotherapy trials Radiation therapy for brain metastases. etalAnn. Neuraletal 7(6), 529–541 (1980).
   Google Scholar
• Berry HC, Parker RG, Gerdes AJ. Irradiation of brain metastases. Acta Radiol. Ther. Phys. Biol. 13(6), 535–544 (1974).
   Google Scholar
• Cairncross JG, Kim JH, Posner JB. Radiation therapy for brain metastases. Ann. Neurol. 7(6), 529–541 (1980)
   Google Scholar
• Horton J, Baxter DH, Olson KB. The management of metastases to the brain by irradiation and corticosteroids. etalAm. jetal Roentgenol Radium Ther. Nucl. Med. 111(2), 334–336 (1971).
   Google Scholar
• Order SE, Hellman S, Von Essen CF, Hazra T, Young HF. Kligerman MM. Improvement in quality of survival following whole-brain irradiation for brain metastasis. Radiology 91(1), 149–153 (1968).
   Google Scholar
• Zimm S, Wampler GL, Stablein D, Hazra T, Young HF. Intracerebral metastases in solid-tumor patients: natural history and results of treatment. Cancer 48(2), 384–394 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutterbach J, Bartelt S, Ostertag C. Long-term survival in patients with brain metastases. etalj Cancer Res. Clin. Oncoletal 128, 417–425 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgelt B, Gelber R, Kramer S etalet aletal The palliation of brain metastases: final results of the first two studies by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. etalInt. j Radiat. Oncol Biol.etal etalfiyc.etal 96,1–9 (1980).
   Google Scholar
• Gelber RD, Larson M, Borgelt BB, Kramer S. Equivalence of radiation schedules for the palliative treatment of brain metastases in patients with favorable prognosis. etalCanceretal 48,1749–1753 (1981).
   Google Scholar
• Kurtz JM, Gelber R, Brady LW Carella RJ, Cooper JS. The palliation of brain metastases in a favorable patient population: a randomized clinical trial by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. etalInt. Radiat. Oncol Biol. Phys.etal 7,891–895 (1981).
   Google Scholar
• Hoskins PJ, Crow J, Ford HT The influence of extent and local management on the outcome of radiotherapy of brain metastases. etalInt. J. Radiat. Oncol Biol.etal etalPhys.etal 19,111–115 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Murray KJ, Scott C, Greenberg HM etalet al.etal A randomized Phase III study of accelerated hyperfractionation versus standard in patients with unresected brain metastases: a report of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9104. etalInt. Radiat. Oiled Biol. Phys.etal 39,571–574 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Komarnicky LT, Phillips TL, Martz K, Asbell S, Isaacson S, Urtasun R. A randomized Phase III protocol for the evaluation of misonidazole combined with radiation in the treatment of patients with brain metastases (RTOG-7916). etalInt. Radiat. Oncol Biol.etal etalPhys.etal 20,53–58 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Mehta MP, Rodrigus P, Terhaard CH etalet aletal Survival and neurologic outcomes in a randomized trial of motexafin gadolinium and whole-brain radiation therapy in brain metastases.j etalClin. Oncoletal 21,2529–2536 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers CA, Smith JA, Bezjak A etalet aletal Neurocognitive function and progression in patients with brain metastases treated with whole-brain radiation and motexafin gadolinium: results of a randomized Phase III trial. etalj Clin. Oncoletal 22,157–165 (2004).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoegler D. Radiotherapy for palliation of symptoms in incurable cancer. etalCurl: Probl Cancer21,etal 129–183 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• De Angelis LM, Delatore J-Y, Poster JB. Radiation-induced dementia in patients cured of brain metastases. etalNeumlogy39,etal 789–796 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Arriagada R, Le Chevalier T, Bode F etalet aletal Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. etalNatl Cancer Inst.etal 87,183–190 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeffler JS, Kooy HM, Wen PY etalet aletal The treatment of recurrent brain metastases with stereotactic radiosurgery. I etalClin. Oncoletal 8,576–582 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw E, Scott C, Souhami L etalet aletal Single dose radiosurgical treatment of recurrent previously irradiated primary brain tumors and brain metastases: final report of RTOG protocol 90–05. etalInt. J. Racliat. Oncol Biol.etal etalPhyc.etal 47,291–298 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Noel G, Proudhom MA, Valery CA etalet aletal Radiosurgery for re-irradiation of brain metastasis: results in 54 patients. etalRacliother. Oncoletal 60,61–67 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Petrovich Z, Yu C, Giannotta SL, O'Day S, Apuzzo ML. Survival and pattern of failure in brain metastasis treated with stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery. I etalNeurosurg:etal 97, 499–506 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Joseph J, Adler JR, Cox RS, Hancock SL. Linear accelerator-based stereotaxic radiosurgery for brain metastases: the influence of number of lesions on survival. etalGun. Onto]:etal 14,1085–1092 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Sneed PK, Lamborn KR, Forstner JM etalet al.etal Radiosurgery for brain metastases: is whole brain radiotherapy necessary? etalint. J. Racliat. Oncol Biol.etal etalPhys.etal 43,549–558 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• O'Neil BP, Iturria NJ, Link MJ etaleta].etal A comparison of surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of solitary brain metastases. etalInt. J. Racliat. Oncol Biol. Phys.etal 55,1169–1176 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Auchter RM, Lamond JP, Alexander E etalet aletal A multi-institutional outcome and prognostic factor analysis of radiosurgery for resectable single brain metastasis. etalint. J. Racliat. Oncol Biol. Phys.etal 35,27–35 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondziolka D, Patel A, Lunsford LD, Kassam A, Flickinger JC. Stereotactic radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for patients with multiple brain metastases. etalint. J. Racliat. Oncol Biol. Phys.etal 45,427–434 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Sperduto PW, Scott C, Andreaws D etalet al.etal Preliminary report of RTOG-9508: a Phase III trial comparing whole brain radiotherapy alone versus whole brain radiotherapy plus stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with two or three brain metastases. etalInt. J. Racliat. Oncol Biol. Ph).etal 48,113 (2000). hole-brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost? etalPhase RI RTOG 9508 etalrandomized etaltrial.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews DW, Scott CB, Sperduto PW etalet aletal Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: Phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial. etalLancetetal 363(9422), 1665–1672 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Buckner JC. The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. etalCancer Metastasis Revetal 10(4), 335–341 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crino L, Scagliotti GV, Ricci S etalet aletal Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus mitomycin, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized Phase III study of the Italian Lung Cancer Project. etalJ. Clin. Oncoletal 17, 3522–3530 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JJ, Carter JH, Friedman AH etalet aletal Demographics prognosis and therapy in 702 patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma. etalJ. Neumsurg:etal 88, 11–20 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Buchsbaum JC, Suh JH, Lee SY, Chidel MA, Greskovich JF, Barnett GH. Survival by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis class and treatment modality in patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma. etalCanceretal 94,2265–2272 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Manon RR, O'Neill A, Mehta M etalet aletal Phase II trial of radiosurgery (RS) for 1 to 3 newly diagnosed brain metastases from renal cell, melanoma, and sarcoma: an Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group Study (E6397). etalProc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncoletal (2004) (Abstract 1507).
   Google Scholar
• Atkins MB, Lotze MT, Dutcher JP etalet aletal High-dose recombinant interleukin 2* therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: analysis of 270 patients treated between 1985 and 1993. etalClin. Oncoletal 17, 2105–2116 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Legha SS, Ring S, Bedikian A etalet al.etal Treatment of metastatic melanoma with combined chemotherapy containing cisplatin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (CVD) and biotherapy using interleukin-2 and interferon-a. etalAnn. Oncoletal 7,827–835 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Bleehen NM, Newlands ES, Lee SM etalet aletal Cancer Research Campaign Phase II trial of temozolomide in metastatic melanoma. etalClin. Oncoletal 13,910–913 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biasco G, Pantaleo MA, Casadei S. Treatment of brain metastases of malignant melanoma with temozolomide. etalN Engl Merletal 345,621–622 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Middleton MR, Grob JJ, Aaronson N etalet al.etal Randomized Phase III study of temozolomide versus dacarbazine in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic malignant melanoma. etalJ. Clin. Oncoletal 18(1), 158–166 (2000). Erratum in:I etalClin. Oncoletal 18,2351 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Paul MJ, Summers etalY,etal Calvert AH etalet aletal Effect of temozolomide on central nervous system relapse in patients with advanced melanoma. etalMelanoma Res.etal 12,175–178 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Siena S, Landonio G, Baietta E etalet aletal Multicenter Phase II study of temozolomide therapy for brain metastasis in patients with malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. etalProc. Am Soc. Clin. Oncoletal 22,102 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Margolin K, Atkins MB, Thompson JA etalet aletal Temozolomide and whole brain irradiation in melanoma metastatic to the brain: a Phase II trial of the Cytokine Working Group. etalJ. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncoletal 128,214–218 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss SJ, Marples M, Napier MP, Meyer T, Boxall J, Rustin GJ. A Phase I (tumour site-specific) study of carboplatin and temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma. etalBr. J. Canceretal 89, 1901–1905 (2003).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bafaloukos D, Gogas H, Georgoulias V etalet aletal Temozolomide in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced melanoma: a Phase II study of the Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group. etalJ. Clin. Oncoletal 20,420–425 (2002).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mornex F, Thomas L, Mohr P etalet aletal Randomised Phase III trial of fotemustine versus fotemustine plus whole brain irradiation in cerebral metastases of melanoma. etalCancer Radiotheretal 7,1–8 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson RS, el-Mahdi AM, Kuban DA, Higgins EM. Brain metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. etalUrology39,17-20etal (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Mahmoud-Ahmed AS, Suh JH, Kupelian PA etalet aletal Brain metastases from bladder carcinoma: presentation, treatment and survival.j etalUraletal 167,2419–2422 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Protzel C, Zimmermann U, Asse E, Kallwellis G, Klebingat KJ. Gemcitabine and radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a case report. etalJ. Neurooncoletal 57,141–145 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Seaman EK, Ross S, Sawczuk High incidence of asymptomatic brain lesions in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. etalNeurooncoletal 23,253–256 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culine S, Bekradda M, Kramar A, Rey A, Escudier B, Droz JR Prognostic factors for survival in patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma. etalCanceretal 83, 2548–2553 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Siebels M, Oberneder R, Buchner A etalet aletal Ambulatory radiosurgery in cerebral metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 5-year outcome in 58 patients. etalUrologe Aetal 41(5), 482–488 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Wronski M, Maor MH, Davis BJ, Sawaya R, Levin VA. External radiation of brain metastases from renal carcinoma: a retrospective study of 119 patients from the MD Anderson Cancer Center. etalInt. J. Radial. Oncol Biol.etal etalfij.etal 37(4), 753–759 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Cannady SB, Cavanaugh IKA, Lee SY etalet aletal Results of whole brain radiotherapy and recursive partitioning analysis in patients with brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective study. etalint. J. Radial. Oncol Biol.etal etalfiyc.etal 58(1), 253–258 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Wronski M, Arbit E, Russo P, Galicich JH. Surgical treatment of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma in 50 patients. etalUrologyetal 47(2), 187–193 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Badalament RA, Gluck RVV, Wong GY etalet aletal Surgical treatment of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma. etalUrology36(2),etal 112–117 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Godley PA, Ataga KI. Renal cell carcinoma. etalCurr Opin. Oncoletal 12(3), 260–264 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker G, Duffner F, Kortmann R, Weinmann M, Grote EH, Bamberg M. Radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases in renal cell carcinoma. etalAnticancer Res.etal 19(2C), 1611–1617 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan JP, Sun MET, Kondziolka D, Flickinger J, Lunsford LD. Radiosurgery in patients with renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the brain: long-term outcomes and prognostic factors influencing survival and local tumor control. j etalNeurosurg:etal 98(2), 342–349 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Hoshi S, Jokura H, Nakamura H etalet al.etal Gamma-knife radiosurgery for brain metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: results in 42 patients. etalInt.j Uraletal 9(11), 618–625 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Wowra B, Siebels M, Muacevic A,Kreth FVV, Mack A, Hofstetter A. Repeated gamma knife surgery for multiple brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma. etalI Neurosurg.etal 97(4), 785–793 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Amendola BE, Wolf AL, Coy SR, Amendola M, Bloch L. Brain metastases in renal cell carcinoma: management with gamma knife radiosurgery. etalCancer 1etal 6(6), 372–376 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez L, Zamorano L, Sloan A etalet aletal Gamma knife radiosurgery for renal cell carcinoma brain metastases. I etalNeurosurg.etal 97\(Suppl. 5), 489–493 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Mori etalY,etal Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Logan T, Lunsford LD. Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. etalCancer83(2),etal 344–353 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Kolomainen DF, Larkin JM, Badran M etalet aletal Epithelial ovarian cancer metastasizing to the brain: a late manifestation of the disease with an increasing incidence. etalClin. Oncoletal 20,982–986 (2002).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atallah D, Chahine G, Voutsadakis IA. Brain metastasis from ovarian cancer. etalClin. Oncoletal 21,2996–2998 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Rustin GJ, Newlands ES, Lutz JM. Combination but not single-agent methotrexate chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors increases the incidence of second tumors. etalJ. Clin. Oncoletal 14,2769–2773 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Christodoulou C, Bafaloukos D, Kosmidis P etalet aletal Phase II study of temozolomide in heavily pretreated cancer patients with brain metastases. etalAnn. Oncoletal 12,249–254 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Friedman HS, Evans B, Reardon D etaleta].etal Phase II trial of temozolomide for patients with progressive brain metastases. etalProc. Am Soc. Clin. Oncoletal 22,102 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Abrey LE, Olson JD, Raizer JJ etalet aletal A Phase II trial of temozolomide for patients with recurrent or progressive brain metastases. etalNeurooncoletal 53,259–265 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg JS, Suki D, Hanbali F, Cohen ZR, Lenzi R, Sawaya R. Metastasis of esophageal carcinoma to the brain. etalCancer98,etal 1925–1933 (2003).
   Google Scholar