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Editorial

Current challenges in cancer pain management: does the WHO ladder approach still have relevance?

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Pages 1501-1502 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Azevedo F, Kimura M, Jacobson T. The WHO analgesic ladder for cancer pain control, twenty years of use. How much pain relief does one get from using it? Support. Care Cancer14(11), 1086–1093 (2006).
  • Dirks J, Fredensborg BB, Christensen D, Fomsgaard JS, Flyger H, Dahl JB. A randomized study of the effects of single-dose gabapentin versus placebo on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after mastectomy. Anesthesiology97(3), 560–564 (2002).
  • Wong GY, Schroeder DR, Carns PE et al. Effect of neurolytic celiac plexus block on pain relief, quality of life, and survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA291(4), 1092–1099 (2004).
  • Miguel R. Interventional treatment of cancer pain: the fourth step in the World Health Organization analgesic ladder? Cancer Control7(2), 149–156 (2000).
  • Burton AW, Fanciullo GJ, Beasley RD, Fisch MJ. Chronic pain in the cancer survivor: a new frontier. Pain Med.8(2), 189–198 (2007).

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