Glioblastoma multiforme: evidence-based approach to therapy

References

• Hecht F, Schiel WC Jr. Webster’s New World Medical Dictionary, 2nd Edition. Wiley Publishers, NY, USA (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Kliehues P, Cavanee WK. Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Nervous System. Kliehues P, Cavanee WK (Eds). International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Rao RD, James CD. Altered Molecular pathways in gliomas: an overview of clinically relevant issues. Semin. Oncol.31, 595–604 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mischel PS, Clouhesy TF. Targeted molecular therapy of GBM. Brain Pathol.13, 52–61 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran WJ Jr, Scott CB, Horton J et al. Recursive partitioning analysis of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group malignant glioma trials. J. Natl Cancer Inst.85(9), 704–710 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw EG, Seiferhel W, Scott C et al. Reexamining the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.57(2 Suppl. 1), S135 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Hseih JC, Lesniak MS. Surgical management of high-grade gliomas. Expert Rev. Neurother.5(6 Suppl.) S33–S40 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Walker MD, Alexander E Jr, Hunt WE et al. Evaluation of BCNU and/or radiotherapy in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. J. Neurosurg.49, 333–343 (1978).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen AP. Postoperative irradiation of glioblastomas. Results in a randomized series. Acta Radiol. Oncol. Radiat. Phys. Biol.17(6), 475–484 (1978).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta M, Silverberg W. Role of radiotherapy in the treatment of glioma. Expert Rev. Neurother.5(6 Suppl.), S51–S62 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Phillips C, Guiney M, Smith J, Hughes P, Narayan K, Quong G. A randomized trial comparing 35 Gy in ten fractions with 60 Gy in thirty fractions of cerebral irradiation for glioblastoma multiforme and older patients with anaplastic astrocytoma. Radiother. Oncol.68(1), 23–26 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roa W, Brasher PM, Bauman G et al. Abbreviated course of radiotherapy in older patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a propesctive randomized clinical trial. J. Clin. Oncol.22(9), 1583–1588 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro WR, Young DF. Treatment of malignant glioma. A controlled study of chemotherapy and irradiation. Arch. Neurol.33(7), 494–450 (1976).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levin VA, Silver P, Hannigan J et al. Superiority of post-radiation adjuvant chemotherapy with CCNU, procarbazine and vincristine (PCV) over BCNU for anaplastic gliomas: NCOG 6G61 final report. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.18, 321–324 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellie SJ, Barbaric SD, Koopmans P, Earl J, Carr DJ, DeGraaf SS. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of vincristine after bolus intravenous dosing: a surrogate marker of brain penetration. Cancer94, 815–820 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Boyle FM, Eller SL, Grossman SA. Penetration of intra-arterially administered vincristine in experimental brain tumor. J. Neurooncol.6, 300–305 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Prados M, Scott C, Curran WJ Jr, Nelson DF, Leibel S, Kramer S. Procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy for anaplastic astrocytoma: a retrospective review of radiation therapy oncology group protocols comparing survival with carmustine or PCV adjuvant chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol.17, 3389–3395 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine HA, Dear KB, Loeffler JS, Black PM, Canellos GP. Meta-analysis of radiation therapy with and without adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant gliomas in adults. Cancer71(8), 2585–2597 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens MFG, Newlands ES. From triazines and triazenes to temozolomide. Eur. J. Cancer29A(7), 1045–1047 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newlands ES, Blackledge GRP, Slack JA et al. Phase I study of temozolomide CCRG 81045: M&B39831: NSC 362856). Br. J. Cancer65, 287–291 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung Wk, Albright RE, Olson J et al. A Phase II study of temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma at first relapse. Br. J. Cancer83, 588–593 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung WK, Prados MD, Yaya-Tur R et al. Multicenter Phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma at first relapse. Temodal Brain Tumor Group. J. Clin. Oncol.17, 2763–2861 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Koroones Dn, Benita-Weiss M, Coyle TE et al. Phase I study of temozolomide and escalating doses of oral etoposide for adults with recurrent malignant glioma. Cancer97, 1963–1968 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chang SM, Lamborn KR, Malec M et al. Phase II study of temozolomide and thalidomide with radiation for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.60, 353–367 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrolomei M, Mazzetta C, kandkiewicz-Junak D et al. Combined treatment of glioblastoma patients with locoregional pre-targeted 90Y-biotin radioimmunotherapy and temozolomide. Q. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging40, 220–228 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Gururangan S, Kogjor L, Rich JN et al. Phase I study of Gliadel wafers plus temozolomide in adults with recurrent supratentorial high-grade gliomas. Neurooncology3, 246–250 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groves MD, Puduvalli VK, Hess KR et al. Phase II study of temozolomide plus the metalloprotease inhibitor marimistat in recurrent and progressive glioblastoma multiforme. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 1383–1388 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrie M, Couprie C, DuFour G et al. Temozolomide in combination with BCNU before and after radiotherapy in patients with inoperable newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme. Ann. Oncol.16, 1177–1184 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prados MD, Yung WK, Fine HA et al. Phase 2 study of BCNU and temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study. Neurooncology5, 33–37 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Cha Sl, Rosenthal SL, Wong SS et al. Phase II study of temozolomide and Cealyx in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neurooncology6, 38–43 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brandes AA, Basso U, Reni M et al. First-line chemotherapy with cisplatin plus fractionated temozolomide in recurrent glioblastoma mulitforme: a Phase II study of the Gruppo Italiano Co-operativo di Neuro-Oncologica. J. Clin. Oncol.22, 1598–1604 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stupp R, Dietrich PY, Ostermann S et al. Promising survival for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme treated with concomitant radiation and temozolomide follwed by adjuvant temozolomide. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 3179–3180 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stupp R, Mason WP, van der Bent WJ et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N. Engl. J. Med.352, 987–986 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegi ME, Diserens AC, Gorlia T et al. MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. N. Engl. J. Med.352, 997–1003 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brem H, Piantadosi S, Burger PC et al. Placebo-controlled trial of safety and efficacy of lintraoperative controlled delivery by biodegradable polymers of chemotherapy for recurrent gliomas. The Polymer-Brain Tumor Treatment Group. Lancet345, 1008–1012 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valtonen S, Timonen U, Toivanen P et al. Interstitial chemotherapy with carmustine-loaded polymers for high-grade gliomas: a randomized double-blind study. Neurosurgery41, 44–49 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westphal M, Hilt DC, Bortey E et al. A Phase 3 trial of local chemotherapy with biodegradable carmustine (BCNU) wafers (Gliadel wafers) in patients with primary malignant glioma. Neurooncology5, 79–88 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar