Prostate-sparing cystectomy: has Pandora’s box been opened?

References

• Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E et al. Cancer statistics 2006. CA Cancer J. Clin.56, 106–130 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinney CP. Therapy of invasive bladder cancer. Urology67, 56–59 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein JP, Skinner DG. Radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: long-term results of a standard procedure. World J. Urol.24, 296–304 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parekh DJ, Bochner BH, Dalbagni G. Superficial and muscle-invasive bladder cancer: principles of management for outcomes assessments. J. Clin. Oncol.35, 5519–5527 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Hautmann RE, Gschwend JE, de Petriconi RC, Kron MK, Volkmer B. Cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: results of a surgery-only series in the neobladder era. J. Urol.176, 486–492 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madersbacher S, Hochreiter W, Burkhard F et al. Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer today – a homogenous series without neoadjuvant therapy. J. Clin. Oncol.21, 690–686 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montie JE. Against bladder sparing surgery. J. Urol.162, 452–455 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr HW, Sogani PC. Does early cystectomy improve the survival of patients with high risk superficial bladder tumors? J. Urol.166, 1296–1299 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein JP. Indications for early cystectomy. Urology62, 591–595 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd SD, Feinberg SM, Skinner DG, Lieskovsky G, Baron D, Richardson J. Quality of life survey of urinary diversion patients: comparison of ileal conduits versus continent Kock ileal reservoirs. J. Urol.138, 1386–1389 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordstrom GM, Nyman CR. Male and female sexual function and activity following ileal conduit urinary diversion. Br. J. Urol.70, 33–39 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schover LR, Evans R, von Eschembach AC. Sexual rehabilitation and male radical cystectomy. J. Urol.136, 1015–1017 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart S, Skinner EC, Meyerowitz BE, Boyd S, Lieskovsky G, Skinner DG. Quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in patients with an ileal conduit, or cutaneous or urethral Kock pouch. J. Urol.162, 77–81 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zippe CD, Raina R, Massanyi EZ et al. Sexual function after male radical cystectomy in a sexually active population. Urology64, 682–685 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautmann RE, De Petriconi R, Gottfried H-W, Kleinschmidt K, Mattes R, Paiss T. The ileal neobladder. Complications and functional results in 363 patients after 11 years of follow-up. J. Urol.161, 422–428 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maderbascher S, Möhrle K, Burkhard F, Studer UE. Long-term voiding pattern of patients with ileal orthotopic bladder substitutes. J. Urol.197, 2052–2057 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Henningsohn L, Wijkström H, Pedersen J et al. Time after surgery, symptoms and well-being in survivors of urinary bladder cancer. BJU Int.91, 325–330 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebret T, Hervé JM, Yonneau L et al. Study of survival after cystectomy for bladder cancer. Report of 504 cases. Prog. Urol.10, 551–60 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Schlegel PN, Walsh PC. Neuroanatomical approach to radical cystectomy with preservation of sexual function. J. Urol.138, 1402–1406 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossetti SR, Terrone C, Ceratti G, Favro M. Supra-ampullar cystoprostatectomy: indications and technique. Eur. Urol.30, 266–267 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Schilling A. Transprostatic selective cystectomy with an ileal bladder. Eur. Urol.18, 253–257 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitz A, Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Skinner DG. Orthotopic urinary diversion with preservation of erectile and ejaculatory function in men requiring radical cystectomy for nonurothelial malignancy: a new technique. J. Urol.161, 1761–1764 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horenblas S, Meinhardt W, Ijzerman W, Moonen LF. Sexuality preserving cystectomy and neobladder: initial results. J. Urol.166, 837–840 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo R, Bertini R, Salonia A et al. Nerve and seminal sparing radical cystectomy with orthotopic urinary diversion for select patients with superficial bladder cancer: an innovative surgical approach. J. Urol.165, 51–55 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallancien G, Abou EF, Cathelineau X, Baumert H, Fromont G, Guillonneau B. Cystectomy with prostate sparing for bladder cancer in 100 patients: 10-year experience. J. Urol.168, 2413–2417 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meinhardt W, Horenblas S. Sexuality preserving cystectomy and neobladder (SPCN): functional results of a neobladder anastomosed to the prostate. Eur. Urol.43, 646–650 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo R, Bertini R, Salonia A et al. Overall clinical outcomes after nerve and seminal sparing radical cystectomy for the treatment of organ confined bladder cancer. J. Urol.171, 1819–1822 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrone C, Cracco C, Scarpa RM, Scarpa RM, Rossetti SR. Supraampullar cystectomy with preservation of sexual function and ileal orthotopic reservoir for bladder tumor: twenty years of experience. Eur. Urol.46, 264–270 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muto G, Bardari F, D’Urso L, Giona C. Seminal sparing cystectomy and ileocapsuloplasty: long-term follow-up results. J. Urol.172, 76–80 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botto H, Sebe P, Molinie V, Herve JM, Yonneau L, Lebret T. Prostatic capsule and seminal-sparing cystectomy for bladder carcinoma: initial results for selected patients. BJU Int.94, 1021–1025 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martis GD, Elia G, Diana M, Ombres M, Mastrangeli B. Prostatic capsule- and nerve-sparing cystectomy in organ confined bladder cancer: preliminary results. World J. Surg.29, 1277–1281 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuijzen JA, Meinhardt W, Horenblas S. Clinical outcomes after sexuality preserving cystectomy and neobladder (prostate sparing cystectomy) in 44 patients. J. Urol.173, 1314–1317 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arroyo C, Andrews H, Rozet F, Cathelineu X, Vallencien G. Laparoscopic prostate-sparing radical cystectomy: the Montsouris technique and preliminary results. J. Endourol.19, 424–428 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wunderlich H, Wolf M, Reichelt O, Frober R, Schubert J. Radical cystectomy with ultrasound-guided partial prostatectomy for bladder cancer: a complication-preventing concept. Urology68, 554–559 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abuzeid AM, Saleem MD, Badawy AA, Abdelhafez AA. Genital sparing radical cystectomy for organ confined bladder carcinoma. Impact on tumor control and quality of life. J. Urol.173(Suppl. 4), 79 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min Y, Wei-ming W, Ying-jian Z. Clinical outcomes of nerve and seminal sparing cystectomy for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant bladder disease. J. Urol.173A, 05-AB-4392-AUA (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Revelo MP, Cookson MS, Chang SS, Shook MF, Smith JA, Shappell SB. Incidence and location of prostate and urothelial carcinoma in prostates from cystoprostatectomies: implications for possible apical sparing surgery. J. Urol.171, 646–649 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood DP Jr, Montie JE, Pontes JE, Levin HS. Incidence of TCC in the prostate of radical cystectomy specimens: a prospective study. J. Urol.142, 83–85 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reese JH, Freiha FS, Gelb AB et al. Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy. J. Urol.147, 92–95 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettus JA, Al-Ahmadie H, Barocas DA et al. Prostate involvement by urothelial and prostatic carcinomas in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens J. Urol.175(Suppl. 4) 397 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Shen SS, Lerner SP, Muezzinoglu B, Truong LD, Amiel G, Wheeler TM. Prostatic involvement by transitional cell carcinoma in patients with bladder cancer and its prognostic significance. Hum. Pathol.37, 726–734 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donat SM, Wei DC, McGuire MS, Herr HW. The efficacy of transurethral biopsy for predicting the long-term clinical impact of prostatic invasive bladder cancer. J. Urol.165, 1580–1584 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R et al. Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients. J. Clin. Oncol.19, 666–675 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghoneim MA, El-Mekresh MM, El-Baz MA et al. Radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder: critical evaluation of the results in 1,026 cases. J. Urol.158, 393–399 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabalin JN, McNeal JE, Price HM, Freiha FS, Stamey TA. Unsuspected adenocarcinoma of the prostate in patients undergoing cystoprostatectomy for other causes: incidence, histology and morphometric observations. J. Urol.141, 1091–1094 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montie JE, Wood DP Jr, Pontes JE, Boyett JM, Levin HS. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate in cystoprostatectomy specimens removed for bladder cancer. Cancer63, 381–385 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiezer AZ, Shah RB, Gilbert SB et al. Presence, location and significance of prostate cancer in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy: feasibility of prostate-capsule sparing cystectomy. J. Urol.175(Suppl. 4), 397 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Hassan JM, Cookson MS, Smith JA, Chang SS. Patterns of initial transitional cell recurrence in patients after cystectomy. J. Urol.175, 2054–2057 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greven KM, Spera JA, Solin LJ et al. Local recurrence after cystectomy alone for bladder carcinoma. Cancer69, 2767–2770 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser D, Niewenhuijzen JA, Horenblas J. Local recurrence after cystectomy and survival of patients with bladder cancer: a population based study in greater Amsterdam. J. Urol.174, 97–102 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakiewicz PI, Shahrokh FS, Ganesh SP et al. Nomogram for predicting disease recurrence after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J. Urol.176, 1354–1362 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautmann RE, Stein JP. Neobladder with prostatic capsule and seminal-sparing cystectomy for bladder cancer: a step in the wrong direction. Urol. Clin. N. Am.32, 177–185, (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansson A, Davidson A, Hunt S, Mansson W. The quality of life in men after radical cystectomy with a continent cutaneous diversion or orthotopic bladder substitution: is there a difference? BJU Int.90, 386–390 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steers WD. Orthotopic neobladder: functional outcomes. World J. Urol.18, 330–337 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ficarra V, Dalpiaz O, Alrabi N, Novara G, Galfano A, Artibani W. Correlation between clinical and pathological staging in a series of radical cystectomies for bladder carcinoma. BJU Int.95, 786–790 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagano F, Bassi P, Galetti TP et al. Results of contemporary radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: a clinicopathological study with an emphasis on the inadequacy of the tumor, nodes and metastases classification. J. Urol.145, 45–50 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr HW, Bochner BH, Dalbagni G, Donat MS, Reuter VE, Bajorin DF. Impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. J. Urol.167, 1295–1298 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leissner J, Hohenfellner R, Thuroff JW, Wolf HK. Lymphadenectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: significance for staging and prognosis. BJU Int.85, 817–823 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leissner J, Ghoneim MA, Abol-Enein H et al. Extended radical lymphadenectomy in patients with urothelial bladder cancer: results of a prospective multicenter study. J. Urol.171, 139–144 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amling CL, Trasher JB, Frazier HA et al. Radical cystectomy for stages Ta, Tis and T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J. Urol.151, 31–35 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman JA, Esrig D, Stein JP et al. Radical cystectomy for high risk patients with superficial bladder cancer in the era of orthotopic urinary reconstruction. Cancer76, 833–839 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Soloway MS, Lopez AE, Patel J et al. Results of radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and the effect of chemotherapy. Cancer73, 1926–1931 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CT, Madii R, Daignault S et al. Cystectomy delay more than 3 months from initial bladder cancer diagnosis results in decreased disease specific and overall survival. J. Urol.175, 1262–1267 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cookson MS, Herr HW, Zhang ZF. The treated natural history of high risk superficial bladder cancer: 15-year outcome. J. Urol.158, 62–67 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell MA. Use of intravesical BCG in treatment of superficial bladder cancer. In: Bladder Cancer: Current Diagnosis and Treatment. Droller MJ (Ed.). Humana Press, NJ, USA 225–266 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Terrone C, Porpiglia F, Cracco C et al. Supra-ampullar cystectomy and ileal neobladder. Eur. Urol.50, 1223–1233 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guazzoni G, Cestari A, Colombo R et al. Laparoscopic nerve- and seminal-sparing cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder: the first three cases. Eur. Urol.44, 567–572 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nixon RG, Chang SS, Lafleur BJ, Smith JA, Cookson MS. Carcinoma in situ and tumor multifocality predict the risk of prostatic urethral involvement at radical cystectomy in men with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J. Urol.167, 502–505 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kefer JC, Voelzke BB, Flanigan RC, Wojcik EM, Waters WB, Campbell SC. Risk assessment for occult malignancy in the prostate before radical cystectomy. Urology66, 1251–1255 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kefer JC, Liu L, Klein EA, Campbell SC. Predicting occult malignancy in the prostate prior to radical cystectomy. J. Urol.177(Suppl. 4), 362 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Tal R, Baniel J. Sexual function-preserving cystectomy. Urology66, 235–241 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebe P, Traxer O, Cussenot O, Haab F, Thibault P, Gattegno B. Cystectomy with preservation of the prostate in the treatment of bladder tumors; anatomical basis, surgical techniques, indications and results. Prog. Urol.13, 1279–1285 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda-Sousa AJ, Davila HH, Lockhart JL, Ordorica RC, Carrion RE. Sexual function after surgery for prostate or bladder cancer. Cancer Control13, 179–187 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henningsohn L, Wijkstrom H, Dickman PW, Bergmark K, Steineck G. Distressful symptoms after radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for urinary bladder cancer: a Swedish population based study. Eur. Urol.40, 151–162 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herr HW, Faulkner JR, Grossman HB et al. Surgical factors influence bladder cancer outcomes: a cooperative group report J. Clin. Oncol.22, 2781–2789 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar