Thymidine kinase: diagnostic and prognostic potential

References

• Cancer prevention and early detection facts and figures 2001. American Cancer Society, 25 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Reichard P, Estborn B. Utilization of deoxyribosides in the synthesis of polynucleotides. J. Biol. Chem. 188, 839–846 (1951).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornberg A, Lehman IR, Simms ES. Polydeoxyribosides in the synthesis of polynucleotides. Fed. Proc. 15, 291–292 (1956).
   Google Scholar
• Weissman SM, Smellie RMS, Paul J. Studies on the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid by extracts of mammalian cells. Biochim. Biophy. Acta 45, 101–110 (1960).
   Google Scholar
• Berk AJ, Clayton DA. A genetically distinct thymidine kinase in mammalian mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 248 (8), 2722– 2729 (1973).
   Google Scholar
• Sherley JL, Kelly TJ. Regulation of human thymidine kinase during the cell cycle. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8350–8358 (1988).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitman TR. Pyrimidine metabolism in human leukocytes. 3. The utilization of thymidine for DNA-thymidine synthesis by leukemic leukocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 67 153–155 (1963).
   Google Scholar
• Ellims PH, Van der WeydenMB, Medley G. Thymidine kinase isoenzymes in human malignant lymphoma. Cancer Res. 41, 691–695 (1981).
   Google Scholar
• Karlstrom AR, Neumuller M, Gronowitz JS et al. Molecular forms in human serum of enzymes synthesizing DNA precursors and DNA. Mol. Cell Biol. Chem. 92, 23–35 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudas J, Fridovich-Keil J, Pardee AB. Posttransciptional control of thymidine kinase messenger RNA accumulation in cells released from G0-G1 phase blocks. Cell Growth Differ. 4(5), 421–430 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Gudas JM. Transcription initiation and temporal expression of thymidine kinase mRNA in chinese hamster. Cell. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184(2), 908–914 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Stewart CJ, Ito M, Conrad SE. Evidence for transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of the cellular thymidine kinase gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 7(3), 1156–1163 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• • Identifies the role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of TK gene.
   Google Scholar
• He Qimin, Skog S, Wang N et al. Characterization of a peptide antibody against a C-terminal part of human and mouse cytosolic thymidine kinase, which is a marker for cell proliferation. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 70, 1217–124 (1996).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallek M, Wanders L, Strohmeyer S et al. Thymidine kinase: a tumor marker with prognostic value for non-Hodgkins lymphoma and a broad range of potential clinical applications. Ann. Hematol. 65, 1–5 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garavelli PL. Thymidine kinase in neoplastic haematological diseases: confirmations, doubts and new findings. Haematologica 73, 545–549 (1988).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gronowits JS, Hagberg, Kallander CFR et al. The use of serum deoxythymidine kinase as a prognostic marker and in the monitoring of patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Br. J. Cancer 47, 487–495 (1983).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagber H, Glimelius B, Gronowitz S et al. Biochemical markers in non-Hodgkins lymphoma Stages III and IV and prognosis: a multivariate analysis. Scand. J. Haematol. 33(1), 59–67 (1984).
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson B, Hagber H, Glimelius B et al. Serum thymidine kinase as a prognostic marker in Hodgkins disease. Acta Radiol. Oncol. 24(2), 167–171 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Hallek M, Langenmayer I, Nerl C et al. Elevated serum thymidine kinase levels identify a subgroup at high risk of disease progression in early, nonsmoldering chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 93(5), 1732–1737 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musto P, Bodenizza C, Falcone A et al. Prognostic relevance of serum thymidine kinase in primary myelodysplastic syndromes: relationship to development of acute myeloid leukemia. Br. J. Haematol. 90, 125–130 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadamori N, Ichiba M, Mine M et al. Clinical significance of serum thymidine kinase in adult T-cell leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Br. J. Haematol. 90, 100–105 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Back H, Jagenburg R, Rodjer S et al. Serum deoxythymidine kinase: no help in the diagnosis and prognosis of monoclonal gammopathy. Br. J. Haematol. 84, 746–748 (1993).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown RD, Joshua DE, Ioannidis RA et al. Serum thymidine kinase as a marker of disease activity in patients with multiple myeloma. Aust. NZ J. Med. 19, 226–232 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Gronowitz JS, Seinholtz L, Clas F et al. Serum deoxythymidine kinase in small cell carcinoma of the lung: relation to clinical features, prognosis and other biochemicla markers. Cancer 58, 111–118 (1986).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaast A, van Putten WLJ, Oosterom R et al. Prognostic value of serum thymidine kinase, tissue polypeptide antigen and neurone specific enolase in patients with small cell lung cancer. Br. J. Cancer 64, 369–372 (1991).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewenhaupt A, Ekman P, Eneroth P et al. Tumour markers as prognostic aids in prostatic carcinoma. Br. J. Urol. 66, 182–187 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Letocha H, Eklov S, Gronowitz S et al. Deoxythimidine kinase in the staging of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostate 29, 15–19 (1996).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broet P, Romain S, Daver A et al. Thymidine kinase as a proliferative marker: clinical relevance in 1,692 primary breast cancer patients. J. Clin. Oncol. 19(11), 2778–2787 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• •• Retrospective study on almost 1700 patients strengthening the correlation of TK and prognosis.
   Google Scholar
• Romain S, Martin PM, Klijn J et al. DNAsynthesis enzyme activity: a biological tool useful for predicting antimetabolic drug sensitivity in breast cancer? Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 74, 156–161 (1997).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •• Explores the usefulness of TK, TS and TP as predictive factors.
   Google Scholar
• Foekens J, Romain S, Look M et al. Thymidine kinase and thymidylate synthase in advanced breast cancer: response to tamoxifen and chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 61, 1421–1425 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• • Examines the relationship between high tumor TK levels and tamoxifen effectiveness, as well as the relationship between TS levels and chemotherapy responsiveness.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson JF, ONeill KL, Thomas MW et al. Thymidine kinase in breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer 62, 663–667 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Romain S, Christensen I, Chinot O et al. Prognostic value of cytosolic thymidine kinase activity as a marker of proliferation in breast cancer. Int. J. Cancer 61, 7–12 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoper M, ONeill KL, Sloan JM et al. The value of prognostic indicators in predicting metastic spread of breast cancer. J. Pathol. 163(2), 180 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• •• Gives evidence to the ability of TK levels to predict metastatic spread of breast cancer.
   Google Scholar
• ONeill KL, Hoper M, Odling-Smee GW. Can thymidine kinase levels in breast tumors predict disease recurrence? J. Natl Cancer Inst. 84, 1825–1828 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• •• Proposes the ability of s-TK levels to monitor reoccurrence in breast tumors.
   Google Scholar
• Span P, Heuvel J, Romain S et al. EORTC receptor and biomarker study group report analytical and technical evaluation of a thymidine kinase radio-enzymatic assay in breast cancer cytosols. Anticancer Res. 20, 681–688 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• • Standardizes the reagent concentrations for preserving the TK activity in tissue samples.
   Google Scholar
• Sakamoto S, Iwama T, Tsukada K et al. Increased activity of thymidine kinase isozyme in human colon tumor. Carcinogenesis 183–185 (1984).
   Google Scholar
• Sakamoto S, Murakami S, Sugawara M et al. Increased activities of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase in human thyroid tumors. Thyroid 1, 347–351 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Look KY, Moore DH, Sutton GP et al. Increased thymidine kinase and thymidylate synthase activities in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 17, 2353–2356 (1997).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• • Examines the relationship between TK and TS activity levels in ovarian cancer.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang F, Li H, Pendleton AR et al. Thymidine kinase 1 immunoassay: a potential marker for breast cancer. Cancer Detect. Prev. 25(1), 8–15 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• •• Establishes a monoclonal for TK1, its creation and potential usefulness.
   Google Scholar
• Xavier F, Dassonville O, Neri J et al. Sedimentation rate and serum thymidine kinase activity: prognostic factors in squamous cell head and neck cancer. Head Neck 15, 425–432 (1993).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiwaki R, Hata K, Moriyama M et al. Clinical value of thymidine kinase in patients with cervical carcinoma. Oncology 61, 47–54 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• • Investigates the correlation between mRNA levels of TK and TS in cervical carcinomas.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas WM, Robertson JFR, McKenna PG et al. Serum thymidine kinase in colorectal neoplasia. Eur. J. Sur. Oncol. 21(6), 632–634 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Scanlon KJ, Kashani-Sabet M, Sowers LC. Overexpression of DNA replication and repair enzymes in cisplatin-resistant human colon carcinoma HCT8 cells and circumvention by axidothymidine. Cancer Commun. 1, 269–275 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Al-Nabulshi I, Takamiya Y, Voloshin Y et al. Expression of thymidine kinase is essential to low dose radiation resistance of rat glioma cells. Cancer Res. 54, 5614–5617 (1994).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar