32
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Impact of disseminated tumor cells in gastrointestinal cancer

, , , , &
Pages 333-343 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • Law SYK, Fok M, Wong J. Pattern of recurrence after esophageal resection for cancer: clinical implications. Br. J. Surg.83, 107–111 (1996).
  • Ajani JA. Therapy of carcinoma of the esophagus: either attempt it not or succeed. Eur. J. Cancer31A, 790–793 (1995).
  • Pantel K, Woelfle U. Detection and molecular characterisation of disseminated tumor cells: implications for anti-cancer therapy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1756, 53–64 (2005).
  • Schüler F, Dölken G. Detction and monitoring of minimal residual disease by quantitative real-time PCR. Clin. Chim. Acta363, 147–156 (2006).
  • Kienle P, Koch M. Are ‘micrometastases’ of the peritoneum equivalent to distant metastases? Dig. Surg.19, 453–458 (2002).
  • Borgen E, Beiske K, Trachsel S et al. Immunocytochemical detection of isolated epithelial cells in bone marrow: non-specific staining and contribution by plasma cells directly reactive to alkaline phosphatase. J. Pathol.185, 427–434 (1998).
  • Pantel K, Schlimok G, Angstwurm M et al. Methodological aspects of immunocytochemical screening for disseminated epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow. J. Hematother.3, 165–173 (1994).
  • Wittekind Ch, Hutter R, Greene FL et al. TNM-Atlas: illustrated guide to the TNM classification of malignant tumors. 5th Edition, Springer-Verlag, Germany, 13 (2006).
  • Sloane JP, Ormond MG, Neville AM. Potential pathological application of immunocytochemical methods to the detection of micrometastases. Cancer Res.40, 3079–3082 (1980).
  • Klein CA, Blankenstein TJF, Schmidt-Kittler O et al. Genetic heterogenity of single disseminated tumor cells in minimal residual cancer. Lancet360, 683–689 (2002).
  • O’Sullivan GC, Sheehan D, Clarke A et al. Micrometastases in esophgogastric cancer: high detection rate in resected rib segments. Gastroenterology116, 543–548 (1999).
  • Bonavina L, Soligo D, Quirici N et al. Bone marrow-disseminated tumor cells in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or cardia. Surgery129, 15–22 (2001).
  • Cote RJ, Beattie EJ, Chaiwun B et al. Detection of occult bone marrow micrometastases in patients with operable lung carcinoma. Ann. Surg.222, 415–423 (1995).
  • O’Sullivan GC, Collins JK, O’Brien F et al. Micrometastases in bone marrow of patients undergoing ‘curative’ surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenerology109, 1535–1540 (1995).
  • Maguire D, O’Sullivan GC, Collins Jk et al. Bone marrow micrometastases and gastrointestinal cancer detection and significance. Am. J. Gastroenterol.90, 1644–1650 (2000).
  • Funke I, Schraut W. Meta-analyses of studies on bone marow micrometastases: an independent prognostic factor impact remains to be substantiated. J. Clin. Oncol.16, 557–566 (1998).
  • Thorban S, Roder JD, Nekarda H et al. Disseminated epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with esophageal cancer: detection and profnostic significance. World J. Surg.20, 567–573 (1996).
  • O’Sullivan GC, Collins JK, Kelly J et al. Micrometastases: marker of metastatic potential or evidence of residual disease? Gut40, 512–515 (1997).
  • Pantel K, Cote R, Fodstad C. Detection and clinical importance of micrometastatic disease. J. Natl Cancer Inst.91, 1113–1124 (1999).
  • Thorban S, Roder JD, Nekarda H et al. Immunocytochemical detection of disseminated tumor cells in patients with esophageal carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst.88, 1222–1227 (1996).
  • Ryan P, McCarthy S, Kelly J et al. Prevalence of bone marrow micrometastases in esophagogastric cancer patients with and without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. J. Surg. Res.117, 121–126 (2004).
  • Noack F, Schmitt M, Bauer J et al. A new approach in phenotyping disseminated tumor cells: methodological advances and clinical implications. Int. J. Biol. Markers15, 100–104 (2000).
  • Noack F, Helmecke D, Rosenberg R et al. CD87-positive tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates identified by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Int. J. Oncol.15, 617–623 (1999).
  • Nakamura T, Matsunami K, Hayashi K et al. Detection of bone marrow micrometastasis in esophageal cancer patients by immunomagnetic separation. Oncol. Rep.11, 999–1003 (2004).
  • Izbicki J, Hosch SB, Pichlmeier U et al. Prognostic value of immunohistochemically identifiable tumor cells in lymph nodes of patients with completely resected esophageal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.337, 1188–1194 (1997).
  • Natsugoe S, Mueller JD, Stein HJ et al. Micrometastasis and tumor cell microinvolvement of lymph nodes from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer83, 858–866 (1998).
  • Mueller JD, Stein HJ, Oyang T et al. Frequency abd clinicl impact of lymph node micrometastasis and tumor cell microinvolvement in patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric junction. Cancer89, 1874–1882 (2000).
  • Hosch S, Stoecklein N, Pichlmeier U et al. Esophageal cancer: the mode of lymphatic tumor cell spread and its prognostic significance. J. Clin. Oncol.19, 1970–1975 (2001).
  • Jauch KW, Heiss MM, Gruetzner KU et al. Prognostic significance of bone marrow micrometastases in patients with gastric cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.14, 1810–1817 (1996).
  • Heiss MM, Simon EH, Beyer BC et al. Minimal residual disease in gastric cancer: evidence of an independent prognostic relevance of urokinase receptor expression by disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 2005–2016 (2002).
  • Lee E, Chae Y, Kim I et al. Prognostic relevance of immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastasis in patients with gastric carcinoma. Cancer94, 2867–2873 (2002).
  • Morgagni P, Saragoni L, Scarpi E et al. Lymph node micrometastases in early gastric cancer and their impact on prognosis. World J. Surg.27, 558–561 (2003).
  • Horstmann O, Füzesi L, Markus PM et al. Significance of isolated tumor cells in lymph nodes among gastric cancer patients. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol.130, 730–740 (2004).
  • Maehara Y, Yamamoto M, Oda S et al. Cytokeratin-positive cells in bone marrow for identifying distant micrometastases of gastric cancer. Br. J. Cancer7, 83–87 (1996).
  • Manzoni G, Pelosi G, Pavanel F et al. The presence of bone marrow cytokeratin–immnuoreactive cells does not predict outcome in gastric cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer86, 1047–1051 (2002).
  • Illert B, Fein M, Otto C et al. Disseminated tumor cells in the blood of patients with gastric cancer are an independent predictive marker of poor prognosis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol.40, 843–849 (2005).
  • Seeliger H, Spatz H, Jauch KW. Minimal residual disease in gastric cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res.162, 79–87 (2003).
  • Ishida K, Katsuyama T, Sugiyama A et al. Immunhistochemical evaluation of lymph node micrometastases from gastric carcinomas. Cancer79, 1069–1076 (1997).
  • Doekhie FS, Mesker WB, Krieken JHJM et al. Clinical relevance of occult tumor cells in lymph nodes from gastric cancer patients. Am. J. Surg. Pathol.29, 1135–1144 (2005).
  • Manzoni G, Pelosi G, Pavanel F et al. The presence of bone marrow cytokeratin-immunoreactive cells does not predict outcome in gastric cancer patients. Br. J. Surg.86, 1047–1051 (2002).
  • Matsunami K, Nakamura T, Oguma H et al. Detection of bone marrow micrometastasis in gastric cancer patients by immunomagnetic separation. Ann. Surg. Oncol.10, 171–175 (2003).
  • Nekarda H, Geß C, Strak M et al. Immunocytochemical detected free peritoneal tumor cells (FPTC) are a strong prognostic factor in gastric carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer79, 611–619 (1999).
  • Oyama K, Terashima M, Takagane A et al. Prognostic significance of peritoneal minimal residual disease in gastric cancer detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Br. J. Surg.91, 435–443 (2004).
  • Juhl H, Stritzel M, Wrobleski et al. Immunocytological detection of micrometastatic cells: comparative evaluation of findings in the peritoneal cavity and the bone marrow of gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer57, 1–6 (1994).
  • Schott A, Vogel I, Krueger U et al. Isolated tumor cells are frequently detectable in the peritonela cavity of gastric and colorectal cancer patients and serve as a new prognostic marker. Ann. Surg.227, 372–379 (1998).
  • Thorban S, Roder JD, Pantel K et al. Immunocytochemical detection of isolated epithelial tumor cells in bone marrow of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Am. J. Surg.172, 297–298 (1996).
  • Vogel I, Krüger U, Marxsen J et al. Disseminated tumor cells in pancreatic cancer patients detected by immnuocytology: a new prognostic factor. Clin. Cancer Res.5, 593–596 (1999).
  • Piva MG, Navaglia F, Basso D et al. CEA mRNA identification in peripheral blood is feasible for colorectal, but not for gastric or pancreatic cancer staging. Oncology59, 323–328 (2000).
  • Chausovsky G, Luchansky M, Figer A et al. Expression of cytokeratin 20 in the blood of patients with disseminated carcinoma of the pancreas, colon, stoach, and lung. Cancer86, 2398–2405 (1999).
  • Z’graggen K, Centeano BA, Fernandez-del Castillo C et al. Biological implications of tumor cells in blood and bone marrow of pancreatic cancer patients. Surgery129, 537–546 (2000).
  • Yamaguchi K, Chijiiwa K, Torato N et al. Ki-ras codon 12 piont and p53 mutations: a molecular examination of the main tumor, liver, portal vein, peripheral blood and para-aortic lymph node in pancreatic cancer. Am. J. Gastroenterol.95, 1939–1945 (2000).
  • Hosch S, Knoefel W, Metz S et al. Early lymphatic tumor cell dissemination in pancreatic cancer: frequency and prognostic significance. Pancreas2, 154–159 (1997).
  • Ridwelski K, Meyer F, Fahlke J et al. Value of cytokeratin and CA19-9 antigen in immunohistological detection of disseminated tumor cells in lymph nodes in pancreatic carcinoma. Chirurg72, 920–926 (2001).
  • Demeure MJ, Doffek KM, Komorowski RA et al. Detection of occult metastases in regional lymph nodes by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Cancer83, 1238–1334 (1998).
  • Ando N, Nakao A, Nomoto S et al. Detection of mutant K-ras in dissected paraaortic lymph nodes of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreas15, 374–378 (1997).
  • Zhang YL, Feng JG, Gou JM et al. Detection of CK20mRNA in peripheral blood of pancreatic cancer and its clinical significance. World J. Gastroenterol.11, 1023–1027 (2005).
  • Niedergethmann M, Rexin M, Hildenbrand R et al. Prognostic impact of routine, immunohistochemical, and molecular staging in resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol.26, 1578–1587 (2002).
  • Koch M,Weitz J, Kienle P et al. Comparative analysis of tumor cell dissemination in mesenteric, central, and peripheral venous blood in patients with colorectal cancer. Arch. Surg.136, 85–89 (2001).
  • Mori M, Mimori K, Ueo H et al. Clinical significance of molecular detection of carcinoma cells in lymph nodes and peripheral blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in patients with gastrointestinal or breast carcinomas. J. Clin. Oncol.16, 128–132 (1998).
  • Tanaguchi T, Makino M, Suzuki K et al. Significance of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA levels in tumor drainage blood andperipheral blood of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer89, 970–976 (2000).
  • Yamaguchi K, Takagi Y, Aoki S et al. Significant detection of circulating cancer cellls in blood by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction during colorectal cancer resection. Ann. Surg.232, 58–65 (2000).
  • Bustin SA, Gyselman VG, Williams NS et al. Detection of cytokeratins 19/20 and guanylyl cyclase C in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer79, 1813–1820 (1999).
  • Wyld D, Selby P, Perren TJ et al. Detection of colorectal cancer cells in peripheral blood by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for cytokeratin. Int. J. Cancer79, 288–293 (1998).
  • Weitz J, Kienle P, Magener A et al. Detection of disseminated colorectal cancer in lymph nodes, blood and bone marrow. Clin. Cancer Res.5, 1830–1836 (1999).
  • Hardingham JE, Hewett PJ, Sage RE et al. Molecular detection of blood-borne epithelial cells in colorectal cancer patients and patients with benign bowel disease. Int. J. Cancer89, 8–13 (2000).
  • Iinuma H, Okinaga K, Adachi M et al. Detection of tumor cells in blood using CD45 magnetic cell separation followed by nested mutant allele-specific amplification of p53 and K-ras genes in patients with colorectal cancer. Int. J. Cancer89, 337–344 (2000).
  • Gauthier LR, Granotier C, Soria JC et al. Detection of circulating carcinoma cells by telomerase activity. Br. J. Cancer84, 631–635 (2001).
  • Tsavellas G, Patel H, Allen-Mersh TG. Detection and clinical significance of occult tumour cells in colorectal cancer. Br. J. Surg.88, 1307–1320 (2001).
  • Guller U, Zajac P, Schnider A et al. Disseminated single tumor cells as detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction represent a profnostic factor in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann. Surg.236, 768–775 (2002).
  • Leinung S, Wurl P, Schönfelder A et al. Detection of cytokeratin-positive cells in bone marrow in breast cancer and colorectal carcinoma in comparison with other factors of prognosis. J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res.9, 905–911 (2000).
  • Liefers GJ, Cleton-Jansen AM, van de Velde CJ et al. Micrometastases and survival in Stage II colorectal cancer. N. Eng. J. Med.339, 223–228 (1998).
  • Lindemann F, Schlimok G, Dirschedl P et al. Prognostic significance of micrmetastatic tumour cells in bone marrow of colorectal cancer patients. Lancet340, 685–689 (1992).
  • Greenson JK, Isenhart CE, Rice R et al. identification of occult micrometastases in pericolic lymph nodes of Dukes B colorectal cancer patients using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and CC49. Cancer73, 563–569 (1994).
  • Sasaki M, Watanabe H, Jass JR et al. Occult lymph node metastases detected by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry predict recurrence in ‘node-negative’ colorectal cancer. J. Gastroenterol.32, 758–764 (1997).
  • Rosenberg R, Hoos A, Mueller J et al. The prognostic significance of cytokeratin-20 RT-PCR in lymph nodes of of node negative (pN0) colorectal cancer patients. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 1049–1055 (2002).
  • Yasuda k, Adachi Y, Shiraishi N et al. Pattern of lymph node micrometastasis and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol.8, 300–304 (2001).
  • Clarke G, Ryan E, O’Keane JC et al. The detection of cytokeratins in lymph nodes of Duke’s B colorectal cancer subjects predicts a poor outcome. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.12, 549–552 (2000).
  • Merrie AE, van Rij Am, Dennett ER et al. prognostic significance of occult metastases in colon cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum46, 221–231 (2003).
  • De Noo ME, Liefers JG, Tollenaar RA. Translational research in prognostic profiling in colorectal cancer. Dig. Surg.22, 276–281 (2005).
  • Kong SL, Salto-Tellez M, Leong APK et al. Discordant quantitative detection of putative biomarkers in nodal micrometastases of colorectal cancer: biological and clinical implications. J. Clin. Pathol.58, 839–844 (2005).
  • Cote RJ, Houchens DP, Hitchcock CL et al. Intraoperative detection of occult colon cancer micrometastases using 125I-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody CC49. Cancer77, 613–620 (1996).
  • Bilchik AJ, Saha S, Wiese D et al. Molecular staging of early colon cancer on the basis of sentinel lymph nose analysis: a multicenter Phase II trial. J. Clin. Oncol.19, 1128–1136 (2001).
  • Vogel P, Ruschoff J, Kummel S et al. Prognostic value of microscopic peritoneal dissemination. Comparison between colon and gastric cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum43, 92–100 (2000).
  • Guller U, Zajac P, Schnider A et al. Disseminated single tumor cells as detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction represent a prognostic factor in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Ann. Surg.236, 768–775 (2002).
  • Friederichs J, Gertler R, Rosenberg R et al. Prognostic impact of CK-20 positive cells in peripheral venous blood of patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma. World J. Surg.29, 422–428 (2005).
  • Murphy J, O’Sullivan GC, Lee G et al. The inflammatory response within Dukes’ B colorectal cancers: implications for progression of micrometastases and patient survival. Am. J. Gastroenterol.95, 3607–3614 (2000).
  • Pages F, Berger A, Camus M et al. Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.353, 2640–2641 (2005).
  • Rosenberg R, Friederichs J, Gertler R et al. Prognostic evaluation and review of immunohistochemically detected disseminated tumor cells in peritumoral lymph nodes of patients with pN0 colorectal cancer. Int. J. Colorectal Dis.19, 430–437 (2004).
  • Doekhie FS, Peeters KC, Tolenaar RC et al. Minimal residual disease assessement in sentinel lymph nodes of breast and gastrointestinal cancer: a plea for standardization. Ann. Surg. Oncol.11(Suppl.), 236–241 (2004).
  • Mosolits S, Ullenhag G, Mellstedt H. Therapeutic vaccination in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. A review of immunological and clinical results. Ann. Oncol.16, 847–862 (2005).
  • Klein CA, Blankenstein TJF, Schmidt-Kittler O et al. Genetic heterogenity of single disseminated tumor cells in minimal residual cancer. Lancet360, 683–689 (2002).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.