Progress in biomarker discovery for diagnostic testing in epithelial ovarian cancer

References

• Hoskins WJ. Principles and Practice of Gynecologic Oncology. 4th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, PA, USA, (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Ries L, Eisner M, Kosary C et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1973–1999. National Cancer Istitute, MD, USA (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Anderson NL, Anderson NG. The human plasma proteome: history, character, and diagnostic prospects. Mol. Cell. Proteomics1(11), 845–867 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaswamy S, Tamayo P, Rifkin R et al. Multiclass cancer diagnosis using tumor gene expression signatures. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA98(26), 15149–15154 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright G, Tan B, Rosenwald A, Hurt EH, Wiestner A, Staudt LM. A gene expression-based method to diagnose clinically distinct subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA100(17), 9991–9996 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulfkuhle JD, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF. Proteomic applications for the early detection of cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer3(4), 267–275 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bast RC Jr, Klug TL, St John E et al. A radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.309(15), 883–887 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy MJ, Bonfrer JM, Kulpa J et al. CA125 in ovarian cancer: European Group on Tumor Markers guidelines for clinical use. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer15(5), 679–691 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover SR, Quinn MA. Is there any value in bimanual pelvic examination as a screening test. Med. J. Aust.162(8), 408–410 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• DePriest PD, Shenson D, Fried A et al. A morphology index based on sonographic findings in ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol.51(1), 7–11 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman DA, Cohen L, Blank SV et al. The role of ultrasound evaluation in the detection of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.192(4), 1214–1221; discussion 1221–1222 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Nagell JR Jr, DePriest PD, Reedy MB et al. The efficacy of transvaginal sonographic screening in asymptomatic women at risk for ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol.77(3), 350–356 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittemore AS, Harris R, Itnyre J. Characteristics relating to ovarian cancer risk: collaborative analysis of 12 US case–control studies. II. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group. Am. J. Epidemiol.136(10), 1184–1203 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• No authors listed. The reduction in risk of ovarian cancer associated with oral-contraceptive use. The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. N. Engl. J. Med.316(11), 650–655 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Collaborative Study. Epithelial ovarian cancer and combined oral contraceptives. The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives. Int. J. Epidemiol.18(3), 538–545 (1989).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO Collaborative Study. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives. Int. J. Cancer49(2), 191–195 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fathalla MF. Incessant ovulation – a factor in ovarian neoplasia? Lancet2(7716), 163 (1971).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratton JF, Pharoah P, Smith SK, Easton D, Ponder BA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of family history and risk of ovarian cancer. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.105(5), 493–499 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pharoah PD, Ponder BA. The genetics of ovarian cancer. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol.16(4), 449–468 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Struewing JP, Hartge P, Wacholder S et al. The risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Ashkenazi Jews. N. Engl. J. Med.336(20), 1401–1408 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moslehi R, Chu W, Karlan B et al. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation analysis of 208 Ashkenazi Jewish women with ovarian cancer. Am. J. Hum. Genet.66(4), 1259–1272 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniou A, Pharoah PD, Narod S et al. Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case Series unselected for family history: a combined analysis of 22 studies. Am. J. Hum. Genet.72(5), 1117–1130 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford D, Easton DF, Stratton M et al. Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in breast cancer families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Am. J. Hum. Genet.62(3), 676–689 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowenthal MS, Mehta AI, Frogale K et al. Analysis of albuminHassociated peptides and proteins from ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Chem.51(10), 1933–1945 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun J, Goetzl EJ, Hla T et al. International Union of Pharmacology. XXXIV. Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature. Pharmacol. Rev.54(2), 265–269 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Fang XJ, Casey G, Mills GB. Lysophospholipids activate ovarian and breast cancer cells. Biochem. J.309(Pt 3), 933–940 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Gaudette DC, Boynton JD et al. Characterization of an ovarian cancer activating factor in ascites from ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Cancer Res.1(10), 1223–1232 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Shen Z, Wiper DW et al. Lysophosphatidic acid as a potential biomarker for ovarian and other gynecologic cancers. JAMA280(8), 719–723 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman DA, Liu Y, Ellerbroek SM, Stack MS. Lysophosphatidic acid promotes matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation and MMP-dependent invasion in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res.61(7), 3194–3199 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• So J, Navari J, Wang FQ, Fishman DA. Lysophosphatidic acid enhances epithelial ovarian carcinoma invasion through the increased expression of interleukin-8. Gynecol. Oncol.95(2), 314–322 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• So J, Wang FQ, Navari J, Schreher J, Fishman DA. LPA-induced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in vitro invasion and migration are mediated by VEGF receptor-2 (VEGF-R2). Gynecol. Oncol.97(3), 870–878 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutphen R, Xu Y, Wilbanks GD et al. Lysophospholipids are potential biomarkers of ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.13(7), 1185–1191 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Y, Kaushal A, Bui L et al. Human kallikrein 4 (KLK4) is highly expressed in serous ovarian carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res.7(8), 2363–2371 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obiezu CV, Scorilas A, Katsaros D et al. Higher human kallikrein gene 4 (KLK4) expression indicates poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Cancer Res.7(8), 2380–2386 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xi Z, Kaern J, Davidson B et al. Kallikrein 4 is associated with paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol.94(1), 80–85 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shigemasa K, Tian X, Gu L et al. Human kallikrein 8 (hK8/TADG-14) expression is associated with an early clinical stage and favorable prognosis in ovarian cancer. Oncol. Rep.11(6), 1153–1159 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen DG, Wang L, Atkinson JN et al. Potential markers that complement expression of CA125 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol.99(2), 267–277 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamandis EP, Yousef GM. Human tissue kallikreins: a family of new cancer biomarkers. Clin. Chem.48(8), 1198–1205 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorklund M, Koivunen E. Gelatinase-mediated migration and invasion of cancer cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1755(1), 37–69 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handsley MM, Edwards DR. Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumor angiogenesis. Int. J. Cancer115(6), 849–860 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demeter A, Szirmai K, Olah J, Papp Z, Jeney A. [Elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, and fibronectin concentration in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer]. Orv. Hetil.145(31), 1617–1624 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Wang FQ, So J, Reierstad S, Fishman DA. Matrilysin (MMP-7) promotes invasion of ovarian cancer cells by activation of progelatinase. Int. J. Cancer114(1), 19–31 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poon RT, Fan ST, Wong J. Clinical implications of circulating angiogenic factors in cancer patients. J. Clin. Oncol.19(4), 1207–1225 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft A, Weindel K, Ochs A et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in the sera and effusions of patients with malignant and nonmalignant disease. Cancer85(1), 178–187 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto J, Sakaguchi H, Hirose R, Ichigo S, Tamaya T. Biologic implications of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor subtypes in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer83(12), 2528–2533 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagy JA, Masse EM, Herzberg KT et al. Pathogenesis of ascites tumor growth: vascular permeability factor, vascular hyperpermeability, and ascites fluid accumulation. Cancer Res.55(2), 360–368 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu L, Yoneda J, Herrera C, Wood J, Killion JJ, Fidler IJ. Inhibition of malignant ascites and growth of human ovarian carcinoma by oral administration of a potent inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. Int. J. Oncol.16(3), 445–454 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto S, Konishi I, Mandai M et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in epithelial ovarian neoplasms: correlation with clinicopathology and patient survival, and analysis of serum VEGF levels. Br. J. Cancer76(9), 1221–1227 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obermair A, Tempfer C, Hefler L et al. Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of patients with suspected ovarian cancer. Br. J. Cancer77(11), 1870–1874 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron AT, Cora EM, Lafky JM et al. Soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR/sErbB1) as a potential risk, screening, and diagnostic serum biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.12(2), 103–113 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron AT, Boardman CH, Lafky JM et al. Soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR) [corrected] and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) as screening and diagnostic tests for epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.14(2), 306–318 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke FE, Von Georgi R, Zygmunt M, Munstedt K. Association between fibronectin expression and prognosis in ovarian carcinoma. Anticancer Res.23(5b), 4261–4267 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Schummer M, Ng WV, Bumgarner RE et al. Comparative hybridization of an array of 21,500 ovarian cDNAs for the discovery of genes overexpressed in ovarian carcinomas. Gene238(2), 375–385 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellström I, Raycraft J, Hayden-Ledbetter M et al. The HE4 (WFDC2) protein is a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res.63(13), 3695–3700 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mok SC, Chao J, Skates S et al. Prostasin, a potential serum marker for ovarian cancer: identification through microarray technology. J. Natl Cancer Inst.93(19), 1458–1464 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman DA, Bozorgi K. The scientific basis of early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer: the National Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Program (NOCEDP). Cancer Treat. Res.107, 3–28 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu KH, Patterson AP, Wang L et al. Selection of potential markers for epithelial ovarian cancer with gene expression arrays and recursive descent partition analysis. Clin. Cancer Res.10(10), 3291–3300 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petricoin EF, Ardekani AM, Hitt BA et al. Use of proteomic patterns in serum to identify ovarian cancer. Lancet359(9306), 572–577 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis MS, Zhang M, Meng YG et al. Albumin binding as a general strategy for improving the pharmacokinetics of proteins. J. Biol. Chem.277(38), 35035–35043 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta AI, Ross S, Lowenthal MS et al. Biomarker amplification by serum carrier protein binding. Dis. Markers19(1), 1–10 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs IJ, Menon U. Progress and challenges in screening for early detection of ovarian cancer. Mol. Cell. Proteomics3(4), 355–366 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyce EA, Kohn EC. Ovarian cancer in the proteomics era: diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics targets. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer15(Suppl. 3), 266–273 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan KM, Calvert VS, Kay EW et al. Use of reverse phase protein microarrays and reference standard development for molecular network analysis of metastatic ovarian carcinoma. Mol. Cell. Proteomics4(4), 346–355 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih IeM, Kurman RJ. Ovarian tumorigenesis: a proposed model based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Am. J. Pathol.164(5), 1511–1518 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly DC, Bao R, Nikitin AY et al. Female mice chimeric for expression of the simian virus 40 TAg under control of the MISIIR promoter develop epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res.63(6), 1389–1397 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoeckli M, Chaurand P, Hallahan DE, Caprioli RM. Imaging mass spectrometry: a new technology for the analysis of protein expression in mammalian tissues. Nat. Med.7(4), 493–496 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamandis EP. Point: proteomic patterns in biological fluids: do they represent the future of cancer diagnostics? Clin. Chem.49(8), 1272–1275 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scambia G, Testa U, Panici PB et al. Interleukin-6 serum levels in patients with gynecological tumors. Int. J. Cancer57(3), 318–323 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belotti D, Paganoni P, Manenti L et al. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP2) induce the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ovarian carcinoma cells: implications for ascites formation. Cancer Res.63(17), 5224–5229 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Skates SJ, Uede T et al. Osteopontin as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer. JAMA287(13), 1671–1679 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opala T, Drews K, Rzymski P, Wozniak J, Sajdak S. Evaluation of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in benign and malignant ovarian masses. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol.24(3–4), 255–257 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Callet N, Delaunay J, Pichon MF. Serum sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and M-CSF (macrophage colony-stimulating growth factor) throughout monitoring of 34 non-serous ovarian cancers. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol.21(2), 135–140 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Gillan L, Matei D, Fishman DA, Gerbin CS, Karlan BY, Chang DD. Periostin secreted by epithelial ovarian carcinoma is a ligand for αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins and promotes cell motility. Cancer Res.62(18), 5358–5364 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Verri E, Guglielmini P, Puntoni M et al. HER2/neu oncoprotein overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer: evaluation of its prevalence and prognostic significance. Clinical study. Oncology68(2–3), 154–161 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki M, Ohwada M, Sato I, Nagatomo M. Serum level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor as a marker for gynecologic malignancies. Oncology52(2), 128–133 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Tamakoshi K, Kikkawa F, Shibata K et al. Clinical value of CA125, CA19-9, CEA, CA72-4, and TPA in borderline ovarian tumor. Gynecol. Oncol.62(1), 67–72 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Woolas RP, Xu FJ, Jacobs IJ et al. Elevation of multiple serum markers in patients with Stage I ovarian cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst.85(21), 1748–1751 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Diamandis EP, Borgono CA, Scorilas A et al. Immunofluorometric quantification of human kallikrein 5 expression in ovarian cancer cytosols and its association with unfavorable patient prognosis. Tumour Biol.24(6), 299–309 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman BR, Katsaros D, Scorilas A et al. Immunofluorometric quantitation and histochemical localisation of kallikrein 6 protein in ovarian cancer tissue: a new independent unfavourable prognostic biomarker. Br. J. Cancer87(7), 763–771 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh MC, Grass L, Soosaipillai A, Sotiropoulou G, Diamandis EP. Human kallikrein 6 degrades extracellular matrix proteins and may enhance the metastatic potential of tumour cells. Tumour Biol.25(4), 193–199 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Kyriakopoulou LG, Yousef GM, Scorilas A et al. Prognostic value of quantitatively assessed KLK7 expression in ovarian cancer. Clin. Biochem.36(2), 135–143 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Magklara A, Scorilas A, Katsaros D et al. The human KLK8 (neuropsin/ovasin) gene: identification of two novel splice variants and its prognostic value in ovarian cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.7(4), 806–811 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Kishi T, Grass L, Soosaipillai A et al. Human kallikrein 8, a novel biomarker for ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res.63(11), 2771–2774 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Yousef GM, Kyriakopoulou LG, Scorilas A et al. Quantitative expression of the human kallikrein gene 9 (KLK9) in ovarian cancer: a new independent and favorable prognostic marker. Cancer Res.61(21), 7811–7818 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Luo LY, Katsaros D, Scorilas A et al. The serum concentration of human kallikrein 10 represents a novel biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Res.63(4), 807–811 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Borgono CA, Fracchioli S, Yousef GM et al. Favorable prognostic value of tissue human kallikrein 11 (hK11) in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer106(4), 605–610 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Shigemasa K, Gu L, Tanimoto H, O’Brien TJ, Ohama K. Human kallikrein gene 11 (KLK11) mRNA overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.10(8), 2766–2770 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Diamandis EP, Borgono CA, Scorilas A, Harbeck N, Dorn J, Schmitt M. Human kallikrein 11: an indicator of favorable prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Biochem.37(9), 823–829 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Scorilas A, Borgono CA, Harbeck N et al. Human kallikrein 13 protein in ovarian cancer cytosols: a new favorable prognostic marker. J. Clin. Oncol.22(4), 678–685 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Borgono CA, Grass L, Soosaipillai A et al. Human kallikrein 14: a new potential biomarker for ovarian and breast cancer. Cancer Res.63(24), 9032–9041 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Yousef GM, Scorilas A, Katsaros D et al. Prognostic value of the human kallikrein gene 15 expression in ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.21(16), 3119–3126 (2003).
   Google Scholar