Rapid antigen detection testing in diagnosing group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis

References

• Leung AK, Kellner JD. Group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in children. Adv. Ther.21, 277–287 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder BM. Diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Am. Fam. Physician67, 880–884 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin MH, Fong WK, Chang PF et al. Predictive value of clinical features in differentiating group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in children. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect.36, 21–25 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung AK, Pinto-Rajas A. Infectious mononucleosis. Consultant40, 134–136 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Centor RM, Witherspoon JM, Dalton HP et al. The diagnosis of strept throat in adults in the emergency room. Med. Decis. Making1, 239–246 (1981).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McIsaac WJ, White D, Tannenbaum D et al. A clinical score to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in patients with sore throat. Can. Med. Assoc. J.158, 75–83 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber MA. Diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Pediatr. Ann.27, 269–273 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawaz H, Smith DS, Mazhari R et al. Concordance of clinical findings and clinical judgment in the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. Acad. Emerg. Med.7, 1104–1109 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis.35(2), 113–125 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichichero ME. Culture and antigen detection tests for streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Am. Fam. Physician45, 199–205 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shulman ST. Streptococcal pharyngitis: diagnostic considerations. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.13, 567–571 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White CB, Harris R, Weir MR et al. Streptococcal pharyngitis: comparison of latex agglutination and throat swab. Clin. Pediatr.27, 431–434 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Group A streptococcal infection. In: Red Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Pickering LK (Ed.). American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA,573–584 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn S, Davies HD, Katzko G, Jadavji T, Church T. Evaluation of the Strep A OIA assay versus culture methods: ability to detect different quantities of group A Streptococcus. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.34(4), 275–280 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobkin D, Shulman ST. Evaluation of an ELISA for group A streptococcal antigen for diagnosis of pharyngitis. J. Pediatr.110, 566–569 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwabe LD, Gobbo AF, Gottschall RL et al. Comparison of TestPack Strept A with selective and nonselective culture media for detection of group A streptococci. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.14, 367–372 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Badgett JT, Hesterberg LK. Management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis with a second-generation rapid strept screen: Strept A 01A®. Microbiol. Drug Resistance2, 371–376 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale JC, Vetter EA, Contezac JM et al. Evaluation of two rapid antigen assays, BioStar Strep A 01A and Pacific Biotech CARD 0.S., and culture for detection of group A streptococci in throat swabs. J. Clin. Microbiol.32, 2698–2701 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joslyn SA, Hoekstra GL, Sutherland JE. Rapid antigen detection testing in diagnosing group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. J. Am. Board Fam. Pract.8, 177–182 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reed BD, Huck W, French T. Diagnosis of group A β-hemolytic streptococcus using clinical scoring criteria, Directigen 1–2-3 group A streptococcal test, and culture. Arch. Int. Med.150, 1727–1732 (1990).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baker DM, Cooper RM, Rhodes C et al. Superiority of conventional culture technique over rapid detection of group A streptococcus by optical immunoassay. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.21, 61–64 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fries SM. Diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in a private clinic: comparative evaluation of an optical immunoassay method and culture. J. Pediatr.126, 933–936 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris R, Paine D, Wittler R et al. Impact on empiric treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis using an optical immunoassay. Clin. Pediatr.34, 122–127 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chapin KC, Blake P, Wilson CD. Performance characteristics and utilization of rapid antigen test, DNA probe, and culture for detection of group A streptococci in an acute care clinic. J. Clin. Microbiol.40, 4207–4210 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corneli HM. Rapid detection and diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep.6, 181–186 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uhl JR, Adamson SC, Vetter EA et al. Comparison of LightCycler PCR, rapid antigen immunoassay, and culture for detection of group A streptococci from throat swabs. J. Clin. Microbiol.41, 242–249 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitali LA, Zampaloni C, Prenna M et al. PCR M typing: a new method for rapid typing of group A streptococci. J. Clin. Microbiol.40, 679–681 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heiter BJ, Bourbeau PP. Comparison of the Gen-Probe Group A Streptococcus Direct Test with culture and a rapid streptococcal antigen detection assay for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. J. Clin. Microbiol.31, 2070–2073 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pokorski SJ, Vetter EA, Wollan PC et al. Comparison of Gen-Probe Group A Streptococcus Direct Test with culture for diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis. J. Clin. Microbiol.32, 1440–1443 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaltwasser G, Diego J, Welby-Sellenriek PL et al. Polymerase chain reaction for Streptococcus pyogenes used to evaluate an optical immunoassay for the detection of group A streptococci in children with pharyngitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.16, 748–753 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davignon L, Walter EA, Mueller KM. Use of resequencing oligonucleotide microarrays for identification of Streptococcus pyogenes and associated antibiotic resistance determinants. J. Clin. Microbiol.43, 5690–5695 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezike EN, Rongkavilit C, Fairfax MR et al. Effect of using 2 throat swabs vs 1 throat swab on detection of group A Streptococcus by a rapid antigen detection test. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.159, 486–490 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Della-Latta P, Whittier S, Hosmer M et al. Rapid detection of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in a pediatric population with optical immunoassay. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.13, 742–743 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Supon PA, Tunnell S, Greene M et al. Rapid detection of group A streptococcal antigen with a new optical immunoassay. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.17, 349–351 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pichichero ME, Disney FA, Talpey WB et al. Adverse and beneficial effects of immediate treatment of Group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis with penicillin. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.6(7), 635–643 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton DB, D’Amico F, Merenstein JH. Standardized symptomatic treatment versus penicillin as initial therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis. J. Pediatr.113(6), 1089–1094 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber MA, Randolph MF, DeMeo KK, Kaplan EL. Lack of impact of early antibiotic therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis on recurrence rates. J. Pediatr.117(6), 853–858 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheeler RD, Houston MS, Radke S et al. Accuracy of rapid strep testing in patients who have had recent streptococcal pharyngitis. J. Am. Board Fam. Pract.15, 261–265 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clegg HW, Dallas SD, Roddey OF et al. Extrapharyngeal group A Streptococcus infection: diagnostic accuracy and utility of rapid antigen testing. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.22, 726–731 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaplan EL, Reid HF, Johnson DR et al. Rapid antigen detection in the diagnosis of group A streptococcal pyoderma: influence of a ‘learning curve effect’ on sensitivity and specificity. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.8, 591–593 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall MC, Kieke B, Gonzales R et al. Spectrum bias of a rapid antigen detection test for group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in a pediatric population. Pediatrics114, 182–186 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson DR, Kaplan EL. False-positive rapid antigen detection test results: reduced specificity in the absence of group A streptococci in the upper respiratory tract. J. Infect. Dis.183, 1135–1137 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubin LG, Kahn RA, Vellozzi EM et al. False positive detection of group A streptococcus antigen resulting from cross-reacting Streptococcus intermedius (Streptococcus milleri group). Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.15, 715–717 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linbæk M, Høiby EA, Lermark G, et al. Which is the best method to trace group A streptococci in sore throat patients: culture or GAS antigen test? Scand. J. Prim. Health Care22, 233–238 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schlager TA, Hayden GA, Woods WA, et al. Optical immunoassay for rapid detection of group A β-ηεμολψτιχ streptococci. Should culture be replaced? Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.150, 245–248 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dagnelie CF, Bartelink ML, Van der Graaf Y et al. Towards a better diagnosis of throat infections (with group A β-haemolytic Streptococcus) in general practice. Br. J. Gen. Pract.48, 959–962 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMatteo LA, Lowenstein SR, Brimhall B et al. The relationship between the clinical features of pharyngitis and the sensitivity of a rapid antigen test: evidence of spectrum bias. Ann. Emerg. Med.38, 648–652 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edmonson MB, Farwell KR. Relationship between the clinical likelihood of group A streptococcal pharyngitis and the sensitivity of a rapid antigen-detection test in a pediatric practice. Pediatrics115, 280–285 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pitetti RD, Drenning SD, Wald ER. Evaluation of a new rapid antigen detection kit for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Pediatr. Emerg. Care14, 396–398 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerber MA, Randolph MF, Chanatry J et al. Antigen detection test for streptococcal pharyngitis: evaluation of sensitivity with respect to true infections. J. Pediatr.108, 654–658 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armengol CE, Schlager TA, Hendley JO. Sensitivity of a rapid antigen detection test for group A streptococci in a private pediatric office setting: answering the Red Book’s request for validation. Pediatrics111, 924–926 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Park SY, Gerber MA, Tanz RR et al. Clinicians management of children and adolescents with acute pharyngitis. Pediatrics117, 1871–1878 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar