References
- Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Enright Pl, Manfreda J and the Lung Health Study. Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study. Am. J. Respir. Cat. Care Med 166, 333–339 (2002).
- GOLD: Global Strategy for the diagnosis management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/ WHO workshop report. Executive Summary (1998).
- ERS Consensus statement. Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. .18, 1398–1420 (1995).
- ATS statement. Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ATM j Respir. Grit. Care Med 152(5), s77—s120 (1995).
- Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP etal. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEVi . The Lung Health Study. JAIVIA 272, 1497–1505 (1994).
- Murray RP Gerald LB, Lindgren PG, Connett JE, Rand CS, Anthonisen NR Characteristics of participants who stop smoking and sustain abstinence for 1 and 5 years in the Lung Health Study. Prey Med 30, 392–400 (2000).
- Murray RP Anthonisen NR, Connett JE etal. Effects of multiple attempts to quit smoking and relapses to smoking on pulmonary function. Lung Health Study Research Group.' Gun. 43idemiol. 51, 1317–1326 (1998).
- Kanner RE, Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, for the Lung Health Study Research Group. Lower respiratory illnesses promote FEV1 decline in current smokers but not in ex-smokers with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results from the Lung Health Study. Am. J. Respir. Cat. Care Med. 164, 358–364 (2001).
- Multiple risk factor intervention trial research group. Multiple risk factor intervention trial: risk factor changes and mortality results. JA/VIA 248, 1465–1477 (1982).
- Kuller LH, Ockene JK, Meilhan E, Wentworth DN, Svendson KH, Neaton JD. Cigarette smoking and mortality: MRET Research Group. Prey Med. 20, 638–654 (1991).
- Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Murray RP Smoking and lung function of Lung Health Study participants after 11 years. Am. J. Respir. Grit. Care Med 166,675–679 (2002).
- Seemungal TAR, Donaldson GC, Paul EA, Bestall JC, Jeffries DJ, Wedzicha JA. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An Respir. Gilt. Cam Med. 157, 1418–1422 (1998).
- Osman LM, Godden DJ, Friend JAR, Legge JS, Douglas JG. Quality of life and hospital re-admission in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax52, 67–71 (1997).
- Sin DD, Tu JV. Lack of association between ipratropium bromide and mortality in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease. 7-homx55, 194-197(2000).