Health-related quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a comprehensive review

References

• Dougados M, van der Linden S, Juhlin R, et al. The European Spondylarthropathy Study Group preliminary criteria for the classification of spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34(10):1218-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klippel JH. Primer on the rheumatic diseases. Springer; New York, NY, USA: 2008
   Google Scholar
• Alamanos Y, Papadopoulos NG, Voulgari PV, et al. Epidemiology of ankylosing spondylitis in Northwest Greece, 1983-2002. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43(5):615-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amor B, Santos RS, Nahal R, et al. Predictive factors for the longterm outcome of spondyloarthropathies. J Rheumatol 1994;21(10):1883-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carette S, Graham D, Little H, et al. The natural disease course of ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 1983;26(2):186-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gran JT, Skomsvoll JF. The outcome of ankylosing spondylitis: a study of 100 patients. Br J Rheumatol 1997;36(7):766-71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braun J, Sieper J. Ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet 2007;369(9570):1379-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papagoras C, Markatseli TE, Saougou I, et al. Cardiovascular risk profile in patients with spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2014;81(1):57-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chorus AM, Boonen A, Miedema HS, van der Linden S. Employment perspectives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61(8):693-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonen A, Chorus A, Miedema H, et al. Employment, work disability, and work days lost in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a cross sectional study of Dutch patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60(4):353-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunaydin R, Goksel Karatepe A, Cesmeli N, Kaya T. Fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: relationships with disease-specific variables, depression, and sleep disturbance. Clin Rheumatol 2009;28(9):1045-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow JH, Macey SJ, Struthers GR. Gender, depression, and ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res 1993;6(1):45-51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hyphantis T, Kotsis K, Tsifetaki N, et al. The relationship between depressive symptoms, illness perceptions and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis in comparison to rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2013;32(5):635-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis JC, van der Heijde D, Dougados M, Woolley JM. Reductions in health-related quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and improvements with etanercept therapy. Arthritis Rheum 2005;53(4):494-501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salaffi F, Carotti M, Gasparini S, et al. The health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis: a comparison with a selected sample of healthy people. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2009;7:25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haywood KL, Garratt AM, Jordan KP, et al. Evaluation of ankylosing spondylitis quality of life (EASi-QoL): reliability and validity of a new patient-reported outcome measure. J Rheumatol 2010;37(10):2100-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O’Connell KA, Group W. The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Qual Life Res 2004;13(2):299-310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992;30(6):473-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doward LC, Spoorenberg A, Cook SA, et al. Development of the ASQoL: a quality of life instrument specific to ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62(1):20-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemin F, Challier B, Urlacher F, et al. Quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis: validation of the ankylosing spondylitis Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2, a modified Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales Questionnaire. Arthritis Care Res 1999;12(3):157-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haywood KL, Garratt AM, Dziedzic K, Dawes PT. Patient centered assessment of ankylosing spondylitis-specific health related quality of life: evaluation of the Patient Generated Index. J Rheumatol 2003;30(4):764-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward MM. Health-related quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis: a survey of 175 patients. Arthritis Care Res 1999;12(4):247-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodur H, Ataman S, Rezvani A, et al. Quality of life and related variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Qual Life Res 2011;20(4):543-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baysal O, Durmus B, Ersoy Y, et al. Relationship between psychological status and disease activity and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2011;31(6):795-800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiberg MS, Nordvag BY, Mikkelsen K, et al. The comparative effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor-blocking agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a six-month, longitudinal, observational, multicenter study. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52(8):2506-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis JC Jr, Mease PJ. Insights into the pathology and treatment of spondyloarthritis: from the bench to the clinic. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008;38(2):83-100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijde DM, Revicki DA, Gooch KL, et al. Physical function, disease activity, and health-related quality-of-life outcomes after 3 years of adalimumab treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009;11(4):R124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudwaleit M, Claudepierre P, Kron M, et al. Effectiveness of adalimumab in treating patients with ankylosing spondylitis associated with enthesitis and peripheral arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010;12(2):R43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gossec L, Berenbaum F, Chauvin P, et al. Reporting of patient-perceived impact of rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis over 10 years: a systematic literature review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014;53(7):1274-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiltz U, Baraliakos X, Karakostas P, et al. Do patients with non-radiographic axial spondylarthritis differ from patients with ankylosing spondylitis? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012;64(9):1415-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Onna M, Jurik AG, van der Heijde D, et al. HLA-B27 and gender independently determine the likelihood of a positive MRI of the sacroiliac joints in patients with early inflammatory back pain: a 2-year MRI follow-up study. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70(11):1981-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wafa H, Azzouz D, Ghannouchi MM, et al. Health-related Quality of Life Assessment on 100 Tunisian Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis using the SF-36 Survey. Oman Med J 2012;27(6):455-60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ovayolu N, Ovayolu O, Karadag G. Health-related quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with a selected sample of healthy individuals. Clin Rheumatol 2011;30(5):655-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chorus AM, Miedema HS, Boonen A, Van Der Linden S. Quality of life and work in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis of working age. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62(12):1178-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martindale J, Smith J, Sutton CJ, et al. Disease and psychological status in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45(10):1288-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healey EL, Haywood KL, Jordan KP, et al. Patients with well-established ankylosing spondylitis show limited deterioration in a ten-year prospective cohort study. Clin Rheumatol 2013;32(1):67-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younes M, Jalled A, Aydi Z, et al. [Quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis]. Tunis Med 2011;89(4):374-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• David C, Lloyd J. Rheumatological physiotherapy. Mosby; London, UK: 1999
   Google Scholar
• Golder V, Schachna L. Ankylosing spondylitis: an update. Aust Fam Physician 2013;42(11):780-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown MA, Wordsworth BP, Reveille JD. Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002;20(6 Suppl 28):S43-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linssen A. B27+ disease versus B27- disease. Scand J Rheumatol 1990;87:111-18
   Google Scholar
• Freeston J, Barkham N, Hensor E, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 positivity and the need for biologic therapies. Joint Bone Spine 2007;74(2):140-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lolkema MP, Gadellaa-van Hooijdonk CG, Bredenoord AL, et al. Ethical, legal, and counseling challenges surrounding the return of genetic results in oncology. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(15):1842-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano H. [The announcement of a serious diagnosis]. Rev Med Interne 2010;31(9):626-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper NJ. Economic burden of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000;39(1):28-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonen A, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, et al. Direct costs of ankylosing spondylitis and its determinants: an analysis among three European countries. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62(8):732-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonen A, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, et al. Work status and productivity costs due to ankylosing spondylitis: comparison of three European countries. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61(5):429-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonen A, Mau W. The economic burden of disease: comparison between rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009;27(4 Suppl 55):S112-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison DJ, Huang X, Globe D. Dosing patterns and costs of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor use for rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010;67(15):1281-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Remus C MM, Suarez-Almazor ME, Prieto RE, Gutierrez-Urenam S. Labor status and working-days lost in a consecutive sample of 103 patients with anlylosing spondylitis (AS). Arthritis Rheum Suppl 1997;1392
   Google Scholar
• Kaarela K, Lehtinen K, Luukkainen R. Work capacity of patients with inflammatory joint diseases. An eight-year follow-up study. Scand J Rheumatol 1987;16(6):403-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roussou E, Kennedy LG, Garrett S, Calin A. Socioeconomic status in ankylosing spondylitis: relationship between occupation and disease activity. J Rheumatol 1997;24(5):908-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillemin F, Briancon S, Pourel J, Gaucher A. Long-term disability and prolonged sick leaves as outcome measurements in ankylosing spondylitis. Possible predictive factors. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33(7):1001-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cakar E, Taskaynatan MA, Dincer U, et al. Work disability in ankylosing spondylitis: differences among working and work-disabled patients. Clin Rheumatol 2009;28(11):1309-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonen A, Brinkhuizen T, Landewe R, et al. Impact of ankylosing spondylitis on sick leave, presenteeism and unpaid productivity, and estimation of the societal cost. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69(6):1123-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakland G, Gran JT, Becker-Merok A, et al. Work disability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in Norway. J Rheumatol 2011;38(3):479-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabreguet I, Koumakis E, Burki V, et al. Assessment of work instability in spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study using the ankylosing spondylitis work instability scale. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012;51(2):333-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward MM, Reveille JD, Learch TJ, et al. Impact of ankylosing spondylitis on work and family life: comparisons with the US population. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59(4):497-503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant MI, Foster NE, Wright CC, et al. Being a parent or grandparent with back pain, ankylosing spondylitis or rheumatoid arthritis: a descriptive postal survey. Musculoskelet Care 2004;2(1):17-28
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panush RS, Mihailescu GD, Gornisiewicz MT, et al. Sex and arthritis. Bull Rheum Dis 2000;49(7):1-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Healey EL, Haywood KL, Jordan KP, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis and its impact on sexual relationships. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009;48(11):1378-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon D, Beastall GH, Thomson JA, Sturrock RD. Androgenic status and sexual function in males with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Q J Med 1986;60(231):671-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rkain H, Allali F, Bentalha A, et al. Socioeconomic impact of ankylosing spondylitis in Morocco. Clin Rheumatol 2007;26(12):2081-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett S, Jenkinson T, Kennedy LG, et al. A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. J Rheumatol 1994;21(12):2286-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calin A, Garrett S, Whitelock H, et al. A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index. J Rheumatol 1994;21(12):2281-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Feldtkeller E. Proposal of a linear definition of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) and comparison with the 2-step and 10-step definitions. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67(4):489-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daltroy LH, Larson MG, Roberts NW, Liang MH. A modification of the Health Assessment Questionnaire for the spondyloarthropathies. J Rheumatol 1990;17(7):946-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukas C, Landewe R, Sieper J, et al. Development of an ASAS-endorsed disease activity score (ASDAS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68(1):18-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dougados M, Gueguen A, Nakache JP, et al. Evaluation of a functional index and an articular index in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1988;15(2):302-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibn Yacoub Y, Amine B, Laatiris A, et al. Health-related quality of life in Moroccan patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol 2011;30(5):673-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao LK, Liao ZT, Li CH, et al. Evaluation of quality of life using ASQoL questionnaire in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in a Chinese population. Rheumatol Int 2007;27(7):605-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ariza-Ariza R, Hernandez-Cruz B, Navarro-Sarabia F. Physical function and health-related quality of life of Spanish patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 2003;49(4):483-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heuft-Dorenbosch L, Spoorenberg A, van Tubergen A, et al. Assessment of enthesitis in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62(2):127-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mander M, Simpson JM, McLellan A, et al. Studies with an enthesis index as a method of clinical assessment in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 1987;46(3):197-202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maksymowych WP, Mallon C, Morrow S, et al. Development and validation of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Enthesitis Index. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68(6):948-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahiroglu Y, Ulus Y, Akyol Y, et al. Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) enthesitis index in Turkish patients with ankylosing spondylitis: relationship with disease activity and quality of life. Int J Rheum Dis 2014;17(2):173-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya T, Bal S, Gunaydin R. Relationship between the severity of enthesitis and clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2007;27(4):323-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carneiro S, Bortoluzzo A, Goncalves C, et al. Effect of enthesitis on 1505 Brazilian patients with spondyloarthritis. J Rheumatol 2013;40(10):1719-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aissaoui N, Rostom S, Hakkou J, et al. Fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: prevalence and relationships with disease-specific variables, psychological status, and sleep disturbance. Rheumatol Int 2012;32(7):2117-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkan BM, Fidan F, Erten S, et al. Fatigue and correlation with disease-specific variables, spinal mobility measures, and health-related quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis. Mod Rheumatol 2013;23(6):1101-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain MG. Fatigue in chronic disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2000;99(1):1-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belza B. The impact of fatigue on exercise performance. Arthritis Care Res 1994;7(4):176-80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stebbings SM, Treharne GJ, Jenks K, Highton J. Fatigue in patients with spondyloarthritis associates with disease activity, quality of life and inflammatory bowel symptoms. Clin Rheumatol 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Tubergen A, Coenen J, Landewe R, et al. Assessment of fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a psychometric analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2002;47(1):8-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huibers MJ, Leone SS, van Amelsvoort LG, et al. Associations of fatigue and depression among fatigued employees over time: a 4-year follow-up study. J Psychosom Res 2007;63(2):137-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brophy S, Davies H, Dennis MS, et al. Fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis: treatment should focus on pain management. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013;42(4):361-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farren W, Goodacre L, Stigant M. Fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis: causes, consequences and self-management. Musculoskelet Care 2013;11(1):39-50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Da Costa D, Zummer M, Fitzcharles MA. Determinants of sleep problems in patients with spondyloarthropathy. Musculoskelet Care 2009;7(3):143-61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abad VC, Sarinas PS, Guilleminault C. Sleep and rheumatologic disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2008;12(3):211-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudwaleit M, Metter A, Listing J, et al. Inflammatory back pain in ankylosing spondylitis: a reassessment of the clinical history for application as classification and diagnostic criteria. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54(2):569-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakkou J, Rostom S, Mengat M, et al. Sleep disturbance in Moroccan patients with ankylosing spondylitis: prevalence and relationships with disease-specific variables, psychological status and quality of life. Rheumatol Int 2013;33(2):285-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deodhar A, Braun J, Inman RD, et al. Golimumab reduces sleep disturbance in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010;62(9):1266-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batmaz I, Sariyildiz MA, Dilek B, et al. Sleep quality and associated factors in ankylosing spondylitis: relationship with disease parameters, psychological status and quality of life. Rheumatol Int 2013;33(4):1039-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh L, Samanta A. A systematic MEDLINE analysis of therapeutic approaches in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2009;29(10):1123-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikas SN, Alamanos Y, Voulgari PV, et al. Infliximab treatment in ankylosing spondylitis: an observational study. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64(6):940-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saougou I, Markatseli TE, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Maintained clinical response of infliximab treatment in ankylosing spondylitis: a 6-year long-term study. Joint Bone Spine 2010;77(4):325-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt J, Listing J, Haibel H, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of etanercept after readministration in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44(3):342-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun J, Baraliakos X, Brandt J, et al. Persistent clinical response to the anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis over 3 years. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44(5):670-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JS, Makovey J, Lassere M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs on health-related quality of life among patients with inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014;66(3):464-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Zuo D, Sun M, et al. Randomized, placebo controlled and double-blind trials of efficacy and safety of adalimumab for treating ankylosing spondylitis: a meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014;17(2):142-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon S. Certolizumab pegol: a review of its use in patients with axial spondyloarthritis or psoriatic arthritis. Drugs 2014;74(9):999-1016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song IH, Hermann KG, Haibel H, et al. Consistently Good Clinical Response in Patients with Early Axial Spondyloarthritis After 3 Years of Continuous Treatment with Etanercept: longterm Data of the ESTHER Trial. J Rheumatol 2014. [ Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Baji P, Pentek M, Szanto S, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab and other biological treatments in ankylosing spondylitis: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Eur J Health Econ 2014;15(Suppl 1):S45-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baraliakos X, Braun J. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy with infliximab in spondyloarthritides. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010;6(1):9-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay J, Fleischmann R, Keystone E, et al. Golimumab 3-year safety update: an analysis of pooled data from the long-term extensions of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials conducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [ Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• van der Heijde D, Deodhar A, Braun J, et al. The effect of golimumab therapy on disease activity and health-related quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: 2-year results of the GO-RAISE trial. J Rheumatol 2014;41(6):1095-103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun J, van den Berg R, Baraliakos X, et al. 2010 update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70(6):896-904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagfinrud H, Kvien TK, Hagen KB. Physiotherapy interventions for ankylosing spondylitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;23(1):CD002822
   Google Scholar
• van den Berg R, Baraliakos X, Braun J, van der Heijde D. First update of the current evidence for the management of ankylosing spondylitis with non-pharmacological treatment and non-biologic drugs: a systematic literature review for the ASAS/EULAR management recommendations in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012;51(8):1388-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durmus D, Alayli G, Cil E, Canturk F. Effects of a home-based exercise program on quality of life, fatigue, and depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2009;29(6):673-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altan L, Korkmaz N, Dizdar M, Yurtkuran M. Effect of Pilates training on people with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2012;32(7):2093-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karapolat H, Akkoc Y, Sari I, et al. Comparison of group-based exercise versus home-based exercise in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: effects on Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Indices, quality of life and depression. Clin Rheumatol 2008;27(6):695-700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Dwyer T, O’Shea F, Wilson F. Exercise therapy for spondyloarthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 2014;34(7):887-902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow JH, Barefoot J. Group education for people with arthritis. Patient Educ Couns 1996;27(3):257-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya T, Goksel Karatepe A, Atici Ozturk P, Gunaydin R. Impact of peer-led group education on the quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheum Dis 2013. [ Epub ahead of print]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sweeney S, Gupta R, Taylor G, Calin A. Total hip arthroplasty in ankylosing spondylitis: outcome in 340 patients. J Rheumatol 2001;28(8):1862-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldtkeller E. [Age at disease onset and delayed diagnosis of spondyloarthropathies]. Z Rheumatol 1999;58(1):21-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward MM. Predictors of the progression of functional disability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2002;29(7):1420-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulia P, Voulgari PV, Tsifetaki N, et al. Comparison of health-related quality of life and associated psychological factors between younger and older patients with established rheumatic disorders. Aging Ment Health 2010;14(7):819-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exarchou S, Redlund-Johnell I, Karlsson M, et al. The prevalence of moderate to severe radiographic sacroiliitis and the correlation with health status in elderly Swedish men–the MrOS study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013;14:352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagfinrud H, Mengshoel AM, Hagen KB, et al. Health status of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a comparison with the general population. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63(12):1605-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahlaee A, Mahmoudi M, Nicknam MH, et al. Gender differences in Iranian patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol 2013 [ Epub ahead of print]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barsky AJ, Peekna HM, Borus JF. Somatic symptom reporting in women and men. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16(4):266-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler NE, Boyce WT, Chesney MA, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in health. No easy solution. JAMA 1993;269(24):3140-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mielck A, Vogelmann M, Leidl R. Health-related quality of life and socioeconomic status: inequalities among adults with a chronic disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2014;12(1):58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hidding A, de Witte L, van der Linden S. Determinants of self-reported health status in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1994;21(2):275-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson M, Thombs BD, Steele R, et al. Health-related quality of life in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61(8):1112-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawada T. The prevalence of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014;53(3):578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baubet T, Ranque B, Taieb O, et al. Mood and anxiety disorders in systemic sclerosis patients. Presse Med 2011;40(2):e111-19
   Google Scholar
• Bachen EA, Chesney MA, Criswell LA. Prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61(6):822-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zung WW. A Self-Rating Depression Scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965(12):63-70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale. a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1977;1(3):385-401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67(6):361-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakkou J, Rostom S, Aissaoui N, et al. Psychological status in Moroccan patients with ankylosing spondylitis and its relationships with disease parameters and quality of life. J Clin Rheumatol 2011;17(8):424-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke K, Spitzer R.L. The PHQ-9: a new depression and diagnostic severity measure. Psychiatr Ann 2002;32:509-21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe B, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, et al. Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: syndrome overlap and functional impairment. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2008;30(3):191-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehmet EIŞ, Erkan C, Çivi II, et al. Interactions between psychiatric symptoms and disability and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2007;44(1):1-9
   Google Scholar
• Katon W, Ciechanowski P. Impact of major depression on chronic medical illness. J Psychosom Res 2002;53(4):859-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brionez TF, Assassi S, Reveille JD, et al. Psychological correlates of self-reported disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2010;37(4):829-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortancil O, Konuk N, May H, et al. Psychological status and patient-assessed health instruments in ankylosing spondylitis. J Clin Rheumatol 2010;16(7):313-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlucchi G, Aglioti SM. The body in the brain revisited. Exp Brain Res 2010;200(1):25-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guenther V, Locher E, Falkenbach A, et al. Body image in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010;28(3):341-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen B, Zhang A, Liu J, et al. Body image disturbance and quality of life in Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Psychol Psychother 2014;87(3):324-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NerenzL H, DR, Steele DJ. Illness representation and coping with health threats. In: Baum A, Taylor SE, Singer JE, editors. Handbook of psychology and health. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale; NJ, USA: 1984. p. 9-252
   Google Scholar
• Kotsis K, Voulgari PV, Tsifetaki N, et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms and illness perceptions in psoriatic arthritis and associations with physical health-related quality of life. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012;64(10):1593-601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijde D, Calin A, Dougados M, et al. Selection of instruments in the core set for DC-ART, SMARD, physical therapy, and clinical record keeping in ankylosing spondylitis. Progress report of the ASAS Working Group. Assessments in Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1999;26(4):951-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zochling J, Braun J. Assessment of ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005;23(5 Suppl 39):S133-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K. Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med 2003;163(20):2433-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbody S, Sheldon T, House A. Screening and case-finding instruments for depression: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2008;178(8):997-1003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton S, Sacker A, Young A, Done J. Distinct psychological distress trajectories in rheumatoid arthritis: findings from an inception cohort. J Psychosom Res 2011;71:290-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/desktop/en/opportunities/h2020/topics/2281-phc-22-2015.html [Last accessed on 16 August 2014]
   Google Scholar