Societal value of generic medicines beyond cost-saving through reduced prices

References

• Simoens S, De Coster S. Sustaining generic medicines markets in Europe. 1-100. 2006. Leuven, Belgium, KU Leuven
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. Directive 2004/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31st March 2004 amending Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use. Official Journal of the European Union L 136/34-57. 2004
   Google Scholar
• Simoens S. International comparison of generic medicine prices. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23(11):2647-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoens S, De Coster S. Sustaining generic medicines markets in Europe. J Gene Med 2006;3(4):257-68
   Google Scholar
• Vogler S. The impact of pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies on generics uptake: implementation of policy options on generics in 29 European countries - an overview. GaBi Journal 2012;1(2):93-100
   Google Scholar
• Godman B, Abuelkhair M, Vitry A, et al. Payers endorse generics to enhance prescribing efficiency: impact and future implications, a case history approach. GaBi Journal 2012;1(2):69-83
   Google Scholar
• van Woerkom M, Piepenbrink H, Godman B, et al. Ongoing measures to enhance the efficiency of prescribing of proton pump inhibitors and statins in The Netherlands: influence and future implications. J Comp Eff Res 2012;1(6):527-38
   Google Scholar
• Godman B, Bennie M, Baumgärtel C, et al. Essential to increase the use of generics in Europe to maintain comprehensive health care. Farmeconomia: Health Economics and Therapeutic Pathways 2012;13(3):5-20
   Google Scholar
• Bennie M, Godman B, Bishop I, Campbell S. Multiple initiatives continue to enhance the prescribing efficiency for the proton pump inhibitors and statins in Scotland. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2012;12(1):125-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Generic Medicines Association. 2011 Market Review. Brussels, Belgium; 2011; European Generic Medicines Association
   Google Scholar
• Dylst P, Vulto A, Simoens S. Analysis of European policy towards generic medicines. GaBi Journal 2014;3(1):34-5
   Google Scholar
• Dylst P, Vulto A, Godman B, Simoens S. Generic medicines: solutions for a sustainable drug market? Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2013;11(5):437-43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gumbs P, Verschuren M, Souverein P, et al. Society already achieves economic benefits from generic substitution but fails to do the same for therapeutic substitution. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;64(5):680-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. Dutch body counts off-patent savings. News@Genericsbulletin 2013
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. German savings exceed EUR2 billion. News@Genericsbulletin 2013
   Google Scholar
• Wettermark B, Godman B, Andersson K, et al. Recent national and regional drug reforms in Sweden - Implication for pharmaceutical companies in Europe. Pharmacoeconomics 2008;26:537-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ubeda A, Cardo E, Sellés N, et al. Antidepressant utilization in primary care in a Spanish region. Impact of generic and reference-based pricing policy (2000-2004). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2007;42:181-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics and Methodology. DDD: definition and general consideration. 2012. Available from: www.whocc.no; Oslo, WHOCC
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics and Methodology. Use of ATC/DDD. 2012. Oslo, WHOCC
   Google Scholar
• Godman B, Shrank W, Andersen M, et al. Comparing policies to enhance prescribing efficiency in Europe through increasing generic utilization: changes seen and global implication. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2010;10(6):707-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard A. Generic medicines: essential contributors to the long-term health of society. Sector sustainability challenges in Europe; 114 2010. London, UK; IMS
   Google Scholar
• Bazargani Y, Ewen M, de Boer A, et al. Essential medicines are more available than other medicines around the globe. PLoS One 2014;9(2):e87576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opening keynote speech. 20th EGA Annual Conference; Madrid, Spain; 2014
   Google Scholar
• Simoens S, Sinnaeve P. Generic atorvastatin, the Belgian statin market and the cost-effectiveness of statin therapy. Cardiovascular Drugs Therapy 2013;27:49-60
   Google Scholar
• Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. Cost-effectiveness of simvastatin in people at different levels of vascular disease risk: economic analysis of a randomised trial in 20536 individuals. The Lancet 2005;365:1779-85
   Google Scholar
• Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. The Lancet 2012;380:581-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yurttutan S, Erdeve O, Oncel MY, et al. The relationship between trough drug concentrations and ductal closure in preterm infants treated with three-dose-oral ibuprofen. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26(13):1306-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoens S. Innovation throug generic medicines: is it time for a pan-European policy? J Generic Medicines 2008;6(1):3-8
   Google Scholar
• Bugeja V. Medicines: mere generic facts. Journal of the Malta College of Pharmacy Practice 2007;13:42-4
   Google Scholar
• Charles River Associates. Innovation in the pharmaceutical sector 2004. Brussels, Belgium; European Commission
   Google Scholar
• Barei F, Le Pen C, Simoens S. The generic pharmaceutical industry: moving beyond incremental innovation towards re-innovation. GaBi Journal 2013;2(1):13-19
   Google Scholar
• Briesacher B, Gurwitz J, Soumerai S. Patients at-risk for cost-related medication nonadherence: a literature review. J Gen Intern Med 2007;22:864-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah N, Hirsch A, Zacker C, et al. Predictors of first-fill adherence for patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2009;22(4):392-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neugut A, Milayna S, Wilde ET, et al. Association between prescription co-payment amount and compliance with adjuvant hormonal therapy in women with early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;2011(29):18-2534
   Google Scholar
• Eaddy M, Cook C, O’Day K, et al. How patient cost-sharing trends affect adherence and outcomes. A literature review. P T 2011;37(1):45-55
   Google Scholar
• Maciejewski M, Farley J, Parker J, Wansink D. Copayment reductions generate greated medication adherence in targeted patients. Health Aff 2010;29(11):2002-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesén E, Andersson Sundell K, Carlsten A, et al. Is the level of patient co-payment for medicines associated with refill adherence in Sweden? Eur J Public Health 2014;24(1):85-90
   Google Scholar
• Ellis J, Erickson S, Stevenson J, et al. Suboptimal statin adherence and discontinuation in primary and secondary prevention populations. Should we target patients with the most to gain? J Gen Intern Med 2004;19:638-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roblin D, Platt R, Goodman M, et al. Effect of increased cost-sharing on oral hypoglycemic use in five managed care organizations. How much is too much? Med Care 2005;43(10):951-9
   Google Scholar
• Goldman D, Geoffrey J, Zheng Y. Prescription drug cost sharing: associations with medication and medical utilization and spending and health. J Am Med Assoc 2007;298(1):61-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babazono A, Miyazaki M, Imatoh T, et al. Effects of the increase in co-payments from 20 to 30 percent on the compliance rate of patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in the employed health insurance system. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2005;21(2):228-33
   Google Scholar
• Doshi J, Zhu J, Lee B, et al. Impact of a prescription copayment increase on lipid lowering medication adherence in veterans. Circulation 2009;119(3):390-7
   Google Scholar
• Goldman D, Joyce G, Escarce J, et al. Pharmacy benefits and the use of drugs by the chronically ill. J Am Med Association 2004;291(19):2344-50
   Google Scholar
• Simoens S, Sinnaeve P. Patient co-payment and adherence to statins: A review and case studies. Card Drugs Therapy 2014;28(1):99-109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briesacher B, Andrade S, Fouayzi H, Chan A. Medication adherence and the use of generic drug therapies. Am J Manag Care 2009;15(7):450-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrank W, Hoang T, Ettner S, et al. The implications of choice: Prescribing generic or preferred pharmaceuticals improves medication adherence for chronic conditions. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:332-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo G, Agabiti-Rosei E, Margonato A, et al. Off-patent generic medicines vs. off-patent brand medicines for six reference drugs: a retrospective claims data study from five local healthcare units in the Lombardy Region of Italy. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e82990
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Wijk B, Klungel O, Heerdink E, de Boer A. Generic substitution of antihypertensive drugs: does it affect adherence? Ann Pharmacother 2005;40:15-20
   Google Scholar
• Hershman D, Tsui J, Meyer J, et al. The change from brand-name to generic aromatase inhibitors and hormone therapy adherence for early stage breast cancer. 2013 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2013
   Google Scholar
• Bao Y, Ryan A, Shao H, et al. Generic initiation and antidepressant therapy adherence under Medicare Part D. Am J Manag Care 2013;19(12):989-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlahiotis A, Devine S, Eichholz J, Kautzner A. Discontinuation rates and health care costs in adult patients starting generic versus brand SSRI or SNRI antidepressants in commercial health plans. J Manag Care Pharm 2011;17(2):123-32
   Google Scholar
• Bello S. Adherence and generic substitution among hypertensive patients in a specialist hospital, Nigeria. Global J Med Res 2012;12:2
   Google Scholar
• Kamerow D. The pros and cons of generic drugs. BMJ 2011;343:d4584
   Google Scholar
• Håkonsen H, Eilertsen M, Borge H, Toverud E-L. Generic substitution: an additional challenge for adherence in hypertensive patients? Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25(10):2515-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Håkonsen H, Toverud E-L. Special challenges for drug adherence following generic substitution in Pakistani immigrants living in Norway. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011;67:193-201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery J, McKenzie A, Bulsara C, Holman D. Confusion caused by generic substitution [electronic response to Ferner et al]. Controversy over generic substitution. British Medical Journal. 2010. Available from: www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c2548.full/reply#bmj_el_237995
   Google Scholar
• van Gelder T, Vulto A. [Het gaat fout met die steeds wisselende geneesmiddelen]. NRC Handelsblad 2014
   Google Scholar
• Dylst P, Vulto A, Simoens S. Demand-side policies to encourage the use of generic medicines: an overview. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2013;13(1):59-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene J, Kesselheim A. Why do the same drugs look different? Pills, trade dress, and public health. N Engl J Med 2011;365(1):83-9
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry: Final Report. 1-533. 2009. Brussels, Belgium; European Commission
   Google Scholar
• Dylst P, Vulto A, Simoens S. Analysis of French generic medicines retail market: Why the use of generic medicines is limited. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014;14(6):795-803; Accepted for publication
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autorité de la concurrence. The Autorité de la concurrence fines Sanofi-Aventis a total of €40.6 million for disparaging the generic versions of Plavix, one of the world’s best selling medicines. Available from: www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/user/standard.php?id_rub=483&id_article=2091. 2013; Paris, France, Autorité de la concurrence
   Google Scholar
• Baumgärtel C, Godman B, Malmström R, et al. What lessons can be learned from the launch of generic clopidogrel. GaBi Journal 2012;1(2):58-68
   Google Scholar
• GaBi Online. Generic makers to be penalized for huge price hikes. GaBi Online 09/01/2015. Available from: www.gabionline.net/Policies-Legislation/Generics-makers-to-be-penalized-for-huge-price-hikes
   Google Scholar
• Dylst P, Vulto A, Simoens S. Analysis of Spanish generic medicines retail market: recommendations to enhance long-term sustainability. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014;14(3):345-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dylst P, Simoens S. Does the market share of generic medicines influence the price level? A European analysis. Pharmacoeconomics 2011;29(10):875-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar