Management of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex

References

• van Slegtenhorst M, de Hoogt R, Hermans C et al. Identification of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 on chromosome 9q34. Science277(5327), 805–808 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consortium ECTS. Identification and characterization of the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 16. Cell75(7), 1305–1315 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabora SL, Jozwiak S, Franz DN et al. Mutational analysis in a cohort of 224 tuberous sclerosis patients indicates increased severity of TSC2, compared with TSC1, disease in multiple organs. Am. J. Hum. Genet.68(1), 64–80 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones AC, Shyamsundar MM, Thomas MW et al. Comprehensive mutation analysis of TSC1 and TSC2-and phenotypic correlations in 150 families with tuberous sclerosis. Am. J. Hum. Genet.64(5), 1305–1315 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi JE, Chae JH, Hwang YS, Kim KJ. Mutational analysis of TSC1 and TSC2 in Korean patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Brain Dev.28(7), 440–446 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung CC, Su YN, Chien SC et al. Molecular and clinical analyses of 84 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. BMC Med. Genet.7, 72 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langkau N, Martin N, Brandt R et al. TSC1 and TSC2 mutations in tuberous sclerosis, the associated phenotypes and a model to explain observed TSC1/TSC2 frequency ratios. Eur. J. Pediatr.161(7), 393–402 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sancak O, Nellist M, Goedbloed M et al. Mutational analysis of the TSC1 and TSC2 genes in a diagnostic setting: genotype–phenotype correlations and comparison of diagnostic DNA techniques in tuberous sclerosis complex. Eur. J. Hum. Genet.13(6), 731–741 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devlin LA, Shepherd CH, Crawford H, Morrison PJ. Tuberous sclerosis complex: clinical features, diagnosis, and prevalence within Northern Ireland. Dev. Med. Child. Neurol.48(6), 495–499 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lendvay TS, Marshall FF. The tuberous sclerosis complex and its highly variable manifestations. J. Urol.169(5), 1635–1642 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Callaghan FJ, Shiell AW, Osborne JP, Martyn CN. Prevalence of tuberous sclerosis estimated by capture-recapture analysis. Lancet351(9114), 1490 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd CW, Beard CM, Gomez MR, Kurland LT, Whisnant JP. Tuberous sclerosis complex in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950–1989. Arch. Neurol.48(4), 400–401 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb DW, Thomas RD, Osborne JP. Cardiac rhabdomyomas and their association with tuberous sclerosis. Arch. Dis. Child.68(3), 367–370 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne JP, Fryer A, Webb D. Epidemiology of tuberous sclerosis. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.615, 125–127 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curatolo P. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: From Basic Science To Clinical Phenotypes. Mac Keith Press for the International Child Neurology Association, London, UK (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Curatolo P, Verdecchia M, Bombardieri R. Tuberous sclerosis complex: a review of neurological aspects. Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol.6(1), 15–23 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crino PB, Nathanson KL, Henske EP. The tuberous sclerosis complex. N. Engl. J. Med.355(13), 1345–1356 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curatolo P, Bombardieri R, Verdecchia M, Seri S. Intractable seizures in tuberous sclerosis complex: from molecular pathogenesis to the rationale for treatment. J. Child Neurol.20(4), 318–325 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan JA, Zhang H, Roberts PS et al. Pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis subependymal giant cell astrocytomas: biallelic inactivation of TSC1 or TSC2 leads to mTOR activation. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.63(12), 1236–1242 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crino PB. Molecular pathogenesis of tuber formation in tuberous sclerosis complex. J. Child Neurol.19(9), 716–725 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheidenhelm DK, Gutmann DH. Mouse models of tuberous sclerosis complex. J. Child Neurol.19(9), 726–733 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries PJ, Howe CJ. The tuberous sclerosis complex proteins – a GRIPP on cognition and neurodevelopment. Trends Mol. Med.13(8), 319–326 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMario FJ Jr. Brain abnormalities in tuberous sclerosis complex. J. Child Neurol.19(9), 650–657 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakuma H, Iwata O, Sasaki M. Longitudinal MR findings in a patient with hemimegalencephaly associated with tuberous sclerosis. Brain Dev.27(6), 458–461 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarnat HB, Flores-Sarnat L. Integrative classification of morphology and molecular genetics in central nervous system malformations. Am. J. Med. Genet. A126(4), 386–392 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Ridler K, Suckling J, Higgins N, Bolton P, Bullmore E. Standardized whole brain mapping of tubers and subependymal nodules in tuberous sclerosis complex. J. Child Neurol.19(9), 658–665 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong M. Mechanisms of epileptogenesis in tuberous sclerosis complex and related malformations of cortical development with abnormal glioneuronal proliferation. Epilepsia49(1), 8–21 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luat AF, Makki M, Chugani HT. Neuroimaging in tuberous sclerosis complex. Curr. Opin. Neurol.20(2), 142–150 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garaci FG, Floris R, Bozzao A et al. Increased brain apparent diffusion coefficient in tuberous sclerosis. Radiology232(2), 461–465 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curatolo P, Cusmai R, Cortesi F, Chiron C, Jambaque I, Dulac O. Neuropsychiatric aspects of tuberous sclerosis. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.615, 8–16 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cusmai R, Chiron C, Curatolo P, Dulac O, Tran-Dinh S. Topographic comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography in 34 children with tuberous sclerosis. Epilepsia31(6), 747–755 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seri S, Cerquiglini A, Pisani F, Michel CM, Pascual Marqui RD, Curatolo P. Frontal lobe epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis: electroencephalographic-magnetic resonance image fusioning. J. Child Neurol.13(1), 33–38 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Callaghan FJ, Harris T, Joinson C et al. The relation of infantile spasms, tubers, and intelligence in tuberous sclerosis complex. Arch. Dis. Child.89(6), 530–533 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jambaque I, Chiron C, Dumas C, Mumford J, Dulac O. Mental and behavioural outcome of infantile epilepsy treated by vigabatrin in tuberous sclerosis patients. Epilepsy Res.38(23), 151–160 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curatolo P, Bombardieri R, Cerminara C. Current management for epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Curr. Opin. Neurol.19(2), 119–123 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruni O, Cortesi F, Giannotti F, Curatolo P. Sleep disorders in tuberous sclerosis: a polysomnographic study. Brain Dev.17(1), 52–56 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White R, Hua Y, Scheithauer B, Lynch DR, Henske EP, Crino PB. Selective alterations in glutamate and GABA receptor subunit mRNA expression in dysplastic neurons and giant cells of cortical tubers. Ann. Neurol.49(1), 67–78 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf HK, Birkholz T, Wellmer J, Blumcke I, Pietsch T, Wiestler OD. Neurochemical profile of glioneuronal lesions from patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies. J. Exp. Neurol.54(5), 689–697 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calcagnotto ME, Paredes MF, Tihan T, Barbaro NM, Baraban SC. Dysfunction of synaptic inhibition in epilepsy associated with focal cortical dysplasia. J. Neurosci.25(42), 9649–9657 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valencia I, Legido A, Yelin K, Khurana D, Kothare SV, Katsetos CD. Anomalous inhibitory circuits in cortical tubers of human tuberous sclerosis complex associated with refractory epilepsy: aberrant expression of parvalbumin and calbindin-D28k in dysplastic cortex. J. Child Neurol.21(12), 1058–1063 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt P. Disruption of interneuron development. Epilepsia,46(Suppl. 7), 22–28 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt P, Eagleson KL, Powell EM. Regulation of neocortical interneuron development and the implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Trends Neurosci.27(7), 400–406 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Concas A, Follesa P, Barbaccia ML, Purdy RH, Biggio G. Physiological modulation of GABA(A) receptor plasticity by progesterone metabolites. Eur. J. Pharmacol.375(1–3), 225–235 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• di Michele F, Verdecchia M, Dorofeeva M et al. GABA(A) receptor active steroids are altered in epilepsy patients with tuberous sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg Psychiatry74(5), 667–670 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock E, Osborne JP. Vigabatrin in the treatment of infantile spasms in tuberous sclerosis: literature review. J. Child Neurol.14(2), 71–74 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parisi P, Bombardieri R, Curatolo P. Current role of vigabatrin in infantile spasms. Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol.11(6), 331–336 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong M, Ess KC, Uhlmann EJ et al. Impaired glial glutamate transport in a mouse tuberous sclerosis epilepsy model. Ann. Neurol.54(2), 251–256 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Greenwood JS, Calcagnotto ME, Kirsch HE, Barbaro NM, Baraban SC. Neocortical hyperexcitability in a human case of tuberous sclerosis complex and mice lacking neuronal expression of TSC1. Ann. Neurol.61(2), 139–152 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong R, Park CS, Abbassi NR, Tang SJ. Roles of glutamate receptors and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in activity-dependent dendritic protein synthesis in hippocampal neurons. J. Biol. Chem.281(27), 18802–18815 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Barbaro MF, Baraban SC. A role for the mTOR pathway in surface expression of AMPA receptors. Neurosci. Lett.401(1–2), 35–39 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lortie A, Plouin P, Chiron C, Delalande O, Dulac O. Characteristics of epilepsy in focal cortical dysplasia in infancy. Epilepsy Res.51(1–2), 133–145 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eltze CM, Chong WK, Bhate S, Harding B, Neville BG, Cross JH. Taylor-type focal cortical dysplasia in infants: some MRI lesions almost disappear with maturation of myelination. Epilepsia46(12), 1988–1992 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tassi L, Colombo N, Garbelli R et al. Focal cortical dysplasia: neuropathological subtypes, EEG, neuroimaging and surgical outcome. Brain125(Pt 8), 1719–1732 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier M, Bento MS, Pereira DP, De Almeida JM. Acute psychotic disorder associated with vigabatrin. Acta. Med. Port.13(3), 111–114 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ascaso FJ, Lopez MJ, Mauri JA, Cristobal JA. Visual field defects in pediatric patients on vigabatrin monotherapy. Doc. Ophthalmol.107(2), 127–130 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eke T, Talbot JF, Lawden MC. Severe persistent visual field constriction associated with vigabatrin. Br. Med. J.314(7075), 180–181 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaily E, Jonsson H, Lippi M. Visual fields in children treated with vigabatrin in infancy. Epilepsia47(S4), 179–180 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Giordano L, Valseriati D, Vignoli A, Morescalchi F, Gandolfo E. Another case of reversibility of visual-field defect induced by vigabatrin monotherapy: is young age a favorable factor? Neurol. Sci.21(3), 185–186 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross-Tsur V, Banin E, Shahar E, Shalev RS, Lahat E. Visual impairment in children with epilepsy treated with vigabatrin. Ann. Neurol.48(1), 60–64 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iannetti P, Spalice A, Perla FM, Conicella E, Raucci U, Bizzarri B. Visual field constriction in children with epilepsy on vigabatrin treatment. Pediatrics106(4), 838–842 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luchetti A, Amadi A, Gobbi G. Visual field defects associated with vigabatrin monotherapy in children. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.67(6), 716–722 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelosse B, Momtchilova M, Roubergue A, Doummar D, Billette de Villemeur T, Laroche L. Study of visual field and vigabatrin treatment in children. J. Fr. Ophtalmol.24(10), 1075–1080 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell-Eggitt IM, Mackey DA, Taylor DS, Timms C, Walker JW. Vigabatrin-associated visual field defects in children. Eye14(Pt 3A), 334–339 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer EL, Harding GF. Examining visual field defects in the paediatric population exposed to vigabatrin. Doc. Ophthalmol.107(3), 281–287 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhatalo S, Nousiainen I, Eriksson K et al. Visual field constriction in 91 Finnish children treated with vigabatrin. Epilepsia43(7), 748–756 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versino M, Veggiotti P. Reversibility of vigabratin-induced visual-field defect. Lancet354(9177), 486 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanhatalo S, Alen R, Riikonen R et al. Reversed visual field constrictions in children after vigabatrin withdrawal – true retinal recovery or improved test performance only? Seizure10(7), 508–511 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisen L, Malmgren K. Characterization of vigabatrin-associated optic atrophy. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand.81(5), 466–473 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wild JM, Martinez C, Reinshagen G, Harding GF. Characteristics of a unique visual field defect attributed to vigabatrin. Epilepsia40(12), 1784–1794 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindran J, Blumbergs P, Crompton J, Pietris G, Waddy H. Visual field loss associated with vigabatrin: pathological correlations. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr.70(6), 787–789 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisen L. Vigabatrin-associated loss of vision: rarebit perimetry illuminates the dose-damage relationship. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand.82(1), 54–58 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krauss GL, Johnson MA, Miller NR. Vigabatrin-associated retinal cone system dysfunction: electroretinogram and ophthalmologic findings. Neurology50(3), 614–618 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields D, Collins SD, Elterman RD, Nakagawa J, Karen A. AES and safety of Vigabatrin in subject with infantile spasms. Epilepsia46(S8), 161 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinirons P, Cavalleri GL, O’Rourke D et al. Vigabatrin retinopathy in an Irish cohort: lack of correlation with dose. Epilepsia47(2), 311–317 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Best JL, Acheson JF. The natural history of Vigabatrin associated visual field defects in patients electing to continue their medication. Eye19(1), 41–44 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller NR, Johnson MA, Paul SR et al. Visual dysfunction in patients receiving vigabatrin: clinical and electrophysiologic findings. Neurology53(9), 2082–2087 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buncic JR, Westall CA, Panton CM, Munn JR, MacKeen LD, Logan WJ. Characteristic retinal atrophy with secondary “inverse” optic atrophy identifies vigabatrin toxicity in children. Ophthalmology111(10), 1935–1942 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding GF, Spencer EL, Wild JM, Conway M, Bohn RL. Field-specific visual-evoked potentials: identifying field defects in vigabatrin-treated children. Neurology58(8), 1261–1265 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding GF, Wild JM, Robertson KA et al. Electro-oculography, electroretinography, visual evoked potentials, and multifocal electroretinography in patients with vigabatrin-attributed visual field constriction. Epilepsia41(11), 1420–1431 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding GF, Wild JM, Robertson KA, Rietbrock S, Martinez C. Separating the retinal electrophysiologic effects of vigabatrin: treatment versus field loss. Neurology55(3), 347–352 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponjavic V, Granse L, Kjellstrom S, Andreasson S, Bruun A. Alterations in electroretinograms and retinal morphology in rabbits treated with vigabatrin. Doc. Ophthalmol.108(2), 125–133 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parisi P, Tommasini P, Piazza G, Manfredi M. Scotopic threshold response changes after vigabatrin therapy in a child without visual field defects: a new electroretinographic marker of early damage? Neurobiol. Dis.15(3), 573–579 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele EA. Managing epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. J. Child Neurol.19(9), 680–686 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen FE, van Huffelen AC, Bourez-Swart M, van Nieuwenhuizen O. Consistent localization of interictal epileptiform activity on EEGs of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia46(3), 415–419 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachhwani DK, Pestana E, Gupta A, Kotagal P, Bingaman W, Wyllie E. Identification of candidates for epilepsy surgery in patients with tuberous sclerosis. Neurology64(9), 1651–1654 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iida K, Otsubo H, Mohamed IS et al. Characterizing magnetoencephalographic spike sources in children with tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia46(9), 1510–1517 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chugani DC, Chugani HT, Muzik O et al. Imaging epileptogenic tubers in children with tuberous sclerosis complex using a-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan positron emission tomography. Ann. Neurol.44(6), 858–866 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagawa K, Chugani DC, Asano E et al. Epilepsy surgery outcome in children with tuberous sclerosis complex evaluated with a-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan positron emission tomography (PET). J. Child Neurol.20(5), 429–438 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yapici Z, Dincer A, Eraksoy M. Proton spectroscopic findings in children with epilepsy owing to tuberous sclerosis complex. J. Child Neurol.20(6), 517–522 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarrar RG, Buchhalter JR, Raffel C. Long-term outcome of epilepsy surgery in patients with tuberous sclerosis. Neurology62(3), 479–481 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanelli P, Verdecchia M, Rodas R, Seri S, Curatolo P. Epilepsy surgery for tuberous sclerosis. Pediatr. Neurol.31(4), 239–247 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner HL, Ferraris N, LaJoie J, Miles D, Devinsky O. Epilepsy surgery for children with tuberous sclerosis complex. J. Child Neurol.19(9), 687–689 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanelli P, Najjar S, Weiner HL, Devinsky O. Epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis: multistage procedures with bilateral or multilobar foci. J. Child Neurol.17(9), 689–692 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner HL. Tuberous sclerosis and multiple tubers: localizing the epileptogenic zone. Epilepsia45(Suppl. 4), 41–42 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen FE, van Huffelen AC, Algra A, van Nieuwenhuizen O. Epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis: a systematic review. Epilepsia48(8), 1477–1484 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossoff EH, Thiele EA, Pfeifer HH, McGrogan JR, Freeman JM. Tuberous sclerosis complex and the ketogenic diet. Epilepsia46(10), 1684–1686 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rychlicki F, Zamponi N, Trignani R, Ricciuti RA, Iacoangeli M, Scerrati M. Vagus nerve stimulation: clinical experience in drug-resistant pediatric epileptic patients. Seizure15(7), 483–490 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parain D, Penniello MJ, Berquen P, Delangre T, Billard C, Murphy JV. Vagal nerve stimulation in tuberous sclerosis complex patients. Pediatr. Neurol.25(3), 213–216 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossoff EH, Pyzik PL, Rubenstein JE et al. Combined ketogenic diet and vagus nerve stimulation: rational polytherapy? Epilepsia48(1), 77–81 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herry I, Neukirch C, Debray MP, Mignon F, Crestani B. Dramatic effect of sirolimus on renal angiomyolipomas in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex. Eur. J. Intern. Med.18(1), 76–77 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wienecke R, Fackler I, Linsenmaier U, Mayer K, Licht T, Kretzler M. Antitumoral activity of rapamycin in renal angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Am. J. Kidney Dis.48(3), E27–E29 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franz DN, Leonard J, Tudor C et al. Rapamycin causes regression of astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann. Neurol.59(3), 490–498 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar