References
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- ••The landmark randomized double-blindedcontrolled trial of the seven-valent PCV which showed the vaccines efficacy against invasive disease. The vaccine's efficacy against otitis media was also indicated in the results.
- Shinefield HR, Black S. Efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in large scale field trials. Pediatr Infect. Dis. j 19(4), 394–397 (2000).
- Eskola J, Kilpi T, Palmu A et al Efficacy of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against acute otitis media. N Engl. I Med. 344, 403–409 (2001).
- ••This trial was specifically designed to lookat the vaccine's efficacy in preventing otitis media and included cultures of middle-ear fluid to determine bacteriologic diagnosis. The trial showed that the vaccine was efficacious in preventing acute otitis media caused by the serotypes.
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- ••Most complete cost-effectiveness study todate of the PCV using efficacy data from the RCT.
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- •Excellent summary of the issues regarding pneumococcal disease in the USA, with a detailed summary of the ACIP recommendations for use of the PCV.
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Websites
- Centers for disease control and prevention. VFC/CDC Vaccine Price List. www.cdc.govinip/vfc/ cdc_vaccine_price_list.htm. Accessed December 6 2001.
- Centers for disease control and prevention. Active bacterial core surveillance (ABCs) report, emerging infections program network, streptococcus pneumoniae, 1999. www.cdc.govincidod/dbmd/abcs/ survreports.htm. Accessed December 18 2001.
- Schrag SJ, Beall B, Dowell S. Resistant pneumococcal infections: the burden of disease and challenges in monitoring and controlling. World Health Organization, Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response. 2001; www.whoindemc-documents/ antimicrobial resistance! whocdscsrdrs20016c.html.
- •A thorough summary of the issues of resistant pneumococcal infection.
- Centers For Disease Control. ACIP votes to temporarily revise recommendations. www.cdc.govinip/news/shortages/pneumo-and-dtap.htm. Accessed December 27 2001.
- American Academy of Family Physicians. Recommendation for pneumococcal conjugate immunization. www.aafp.org/ policy/camp/24.htm. Accessed December 20 2001.
- Doroshow RVV. New Math. Pediatric News, American Academy of Pediatrics California Chapter Newsletter, Qtr 1, 2000. www. aapca2. org/pediatricnews/ql -2000/ presidents_message.htm. Accessed December 21 2001.
- Narramore J. News Flash: VFC Funding for Prevnar. The Tennessee Pediatrician Online. Summer 2000. www.tnaap.org/ tennessee_pediatrician_prevnar_news_flash .htm. Accessed December 10 2001.
- Centers For Disease Control. VFC Brochure. www.cdc.govinip/vfc/provider/ providershomepage.htm. Accessed December 24 2001.
- Centers For Disease Control. Programs in Brief. www.cdc.gov/programs/ immun9.htm. Accessed December 24 2001.
- Texas Pediatric Society. Texas Department of Health Vaccine Funding. www.txpeds.org/immunizations.htm. Accessed December 10 2001.
- New York State Department of Health. State health department launches infant immunization week. Press Release. www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/commish/ 2001/immunpr.htm. Accessed December 10 2001.
- University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine. State Legislative Sessions Update. Northwest Public Health. 2001; Fall/VVinter: 19–19. http://healthlinks.washington.edu/ nwcphp/nph/f2001. Accessed December 27 2001.
- California Children 's Lobby. Child Health and Disability Prevention. The Cryer. www.capartnership4children.org/ cryeR1-201.pdf. Accessed December 27 2001.
- Ruppel C. On the Hill. Every Child By Two, The Carter/Bumpers Campaign for Early Immunization. www.ecbt.org/ hill1201.htm. Accessed December 24 2001.
- Letter to support adequate funding of CDC's National Immunization Program. IAC Express. www.immunize.org/genr.d/ issue253.htm. Accessed December 10 2001.
- Fredrickson K. Prevnar: A Funding Challenge. The Arizona Partnership for Infant Immunization. 2000. www.accessarizona.com/community/ groups/Babyhood/Prevnar_Funding.htm. Accessed December 5 2001.
- Speier. SB 168 Senate Bill. www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/99-00/bill/sen/ sb_0151_0200/ sb_168_bill_20000929_chaptered.html. Accessed December 28 2001.
- Lankerage V. Aetna will pay California doctors for pricey new vaccines, including Prevnar. eHealthInsurance.com. 2000. www.insure.com/states/ca/health/ aetnaprevnar900.htm. Accessed December 52001.
- GAVI Task Force. Activities in research and development necessary to accelerate the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in developing countries. GAVI task force meeting, Bethesda, MD, April 19–20. www.vaccinealliance.org/reference-update_agendas.html#pcv. Accessed December 18 2001.