111
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli virulence factors and vaccine approaches

, &
Pages 585-595 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • DuPont HL, Formal SB, Hornick RB et al Pathogenesis of Escherichia coil diarrhoea. N Engl. J Med. 295,1–9 (1971).
  • Steinsland H, Valentiner-Branth P, Gjessing HK et al. Protection from natural infections with enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt. longitudinal study. The Lancet 362, 286–291 (2003).
  • Dubreuil JD. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil heat-stable toxins. The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins. Alouf JE, Freer JH (Eds). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 545–556 (1999).
  • •Provides an in-depth description of the biology of heat-stable enterotoxins (ST).
  • Bing X, Zhang Z-S, Shu-Qin L et al. Simultaneous expression of C53 colonization factor antigen and LT-B/ST fusion enterotoxin antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 29,370–376 (2002).
  • Bing X, Zhaoshan Z, Shu-Qin L et al. Construction of the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing Escherichia coil ST-B/ST fusion antigens. Bull. Acad. Mil. Med. Sci. 23 (3), 172–175, (1999).
  • Bing X, Zhaoshan Z, Shuqin L et al. Gene fusion and expression of heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coll. Chin. J BiotechnoL 15(4) 225–230 (1999).
  • Tauschek M, Gorrell R, Strugnell R et al. Identification of a protein secretory pathway for the secretion of heat-labile enterotoxin by an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99(10), 7066–7071 (2002).
  • Lencer W, Constable C, Moe S et al. Proteolytic activation of cholera toxin and Escherichia coil labile toxin by entry into host epithelial cells: signal transduction by a protease-resistant toxin variant. J Biol. Chem. 272, 15562–15568 (1997).
  • Hirst TR. Cholera toxin and Escherichia coil heat-labile enterotoxin. The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins. Alouf JE, Freer JF (Eds). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 104–129 (1999).
  • •Excellent discussion of the biology of heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) and how it relates to cholera toxin.
  • Pichel M, Binsztein N, Viboud GI. CS22, a novel human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adhesin, is related to C515. Infect. Immun. 68,3280-3285 (2000).
  • Wolf MK. Occurrence, distribution, and associations of O and H serogroups, colonization factor antigens, and toxins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coll. Clin. MicrobioL Rev 10(4), 569–584 (1997).
  • •• Outlines world distribution of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC) antigens using a database of 988 strains isolated from around the world.
  • Gaastra W, Svennerholm AM. Colonization factors of human enterotoxigenic Ercherichia coil (ETEC). Trends MicrobioL 4(11), 444–452 (1996).
  • Clemens JD, Sack DA, Harris JR et al. Cross protection by B subunit whole-cell cholera vaccine against diarrhea associated with heat-labile toxin-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia colt. results of a large-scale field trial. I Infect. Dis. 158(2), 372–377 (1988).
  • Wiedermann G, Kollaritsch H, Kundi M et al. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study evaluating efficacy and reactogenicity of an oral ETEC B-subunit-inactivated whole-cell vaccine against travelers' diarrhea (preliminary report). J Travel Med. 7(1), 27–29 (2000).
  • Svennerholm A-M, Steele D. Progress in enteric vaccine development. Bert Pract. Res. Clin. GastroenteroL 18(2), 421–445 (2004).
  • ••Excellent review of current ETEC, choleraand typhoid vaccines.
  • Hall ER, Wierzba TF, Ahrén C et al. Induction of systemic antifimbria and antitoxin antibody responses in Egyptian children and adults by an oral, killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine. Infect. Immun. 69(5), 2853–2857 (2001).
  • Jertborn M, Ahrén C, Holmgren J et al. Dose-dependent circulating immunoglobulin A antibody-secreting cell and serum antibody responses in Swedish volunteers to an oral inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil vaccine. Clin. Diagn. Lab. ImmunoL 8,424–428 (2001).
  • Jertborn M, Ahrén C, Svennerholm A. Safety and immunogenicity of an oral inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil vaccine. Vaccine 16,255–260 (1998).
  • Wennefas C, Qadri F, Bardhan PK etal. Intestinal immune responses in patients infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil and in vaccinees. Infect. Immun. 67(12), 6234–6241 (1999).
  • Qadri F, Wenneras C, Ahmed F etal. Safety and immunogenicity of an oral, inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Bangladeshi adults and children. Vaccine 18(24), 2704–2712 (2000).
  • Savarino SJ, Hall ER, Bassily S etal. Introductory evaluation of an oral, killed whole-cell enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Egyptian infants. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 21(4), 322–330 (2002).
  • Savarino SJ, Hall ER, Bassily S etal. Oral, inactivated whole-cell enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine: results of the initial evaluation in children. J. Infect. Dis. 179,107-114 (1999).
  • Cohen D, Orr N, Haim M et al. Safety and immunogenicity of two different lots of the oral killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil-cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Israeli young adults. Infect. Immun. 68, 4492–4497 (2000).
  • Clemens JD, Savarino SJ, Abu-Elyazeed R et al. Development of pathogenicity-driven definitions of outcomes for a field trial of a killed oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil in Egypt: application of an evidence-based method. J Infect. Dis. 189, 2299–2307 (2004).
  • United States Army Medical Material Development Activity, USAMMDA. Information paper on enterotoxigenic Escherichia call vaccine, USAMMDA (2004).
  • Cohen M, Giannella RA, Bean J et al. Randomized, controlled human challenge study of the safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a single dose of Peru-15, a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine. Infect. Immun. 70,1965-1970 (2002).
  • Hohmann EL, Oletta CA, Killeen KP et al. phoP/phoQ-deleted Salmonella typhi (Ty800) is a safe and immunogenic single-dose typhoid fever vaccine in volunteers. J Infect. Dis. 173,1408-1414 (1996).
  • Angelakopoulos H, Hohmann EL. Pilot study of phoP/phoQ-deleted Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing Helicobacter pylori urease in adult volunteers. Infect. Immun. 68(4), 2135–2141 (2000).
  • Roland K, Karaca K, Sizemore D. Evaluation of an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium expressing Escherichia coil antigens as a poultry vaccine. Avian Dis. In Press (2004).
  • Roland, K, Curtiss III, R and Sizemore, D. Construction and evaluation of a Acya Acrp Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing avian pathogenic Escherichia coil 078 LPS as a vaccine to prevent airsacculitis in chickens. Avian Dis. 43, 429–441 (1999).
  • Hindle Z, Chatfield SN, Phillimore J et al Characterization of Salmonella enterica derivatives harboring defined aroC and Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 Type II secretion system (mall mutations by immunization of healthy volunteers. Infect. Immun. 70,3457-3467 (2002).
  • Wu S, Pascual DW, VanCott JL et al. Immune responses to novel Escherichia coil and Salmonella typhimurium vectors that express colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) of enteratoxigenic E. coil in the absence of the CFA/I positive regulator cfaR. Infect. Immun. 63,4933–4938 (1995).
  • Koprowsli II, Levine, H., MM, Anderson, RJ et al. Attenuated Shigella Ilexneri 2a vaccine strain CVD 1204 expressing colonization factor antigen I and mutant heat-labile enteratoxin of enteratoxigenic Ercherichia coli Infect. Immun. 68, 4884–4892 (2000).
  • Altboum Z, Barry EM, Losonsky G et al Attenuated Shigella Ilexneri 2a AguaBA strain CVD 1204 expressing enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC) C52 and C53 fimbriae as a live mucosal vaccine against Shigella and ETEC infection. Infect. Immun. 69,3150-3158 (2001).
  • Barry EM, Altboum Z, Losonsky G et al Immune responses elicited against multiple enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil fimbriae and mutant LT expressed in attenuated Shigella vaccine strains. Vaccine 21, 333–340 (2003).
  • •Some of the most promising data we have seen using the live vaccine vectors expressing multiple ETEC colonization factors.
  • Tacket CO, Mason HS, Livia S et al. Lack of prophylactic efficacy of an enteric-coated bovine hyperimmune milk product against enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil challenge administered during a standard meal. J Infect. Dis. 180,2056–2059 (1999).
  • Freedman DJ, Tacket CO, Delehanty A et al. Milk immunaglobulin with specific activity against purified colonization factor antigens can protect against oral challenge with enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil. J Infect. Dis. 177(3), 662–667 (1998).
  • Marquardt RR, Jin LZ, Kim JW et al. Passive protective effect of egg-yolk antibodies against enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil K88+ infection in neonatal and early-weaned piglets. FEMS ImmunoL Med. MicrobioL 23(4), 283–288 (1999).
  • O'Farrelly C, Brandton D, Wanke CA. Oral ingestion of egg-yolk immunaglobin from hens immunized with an enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil strain prevents diarrhea in rabbits challenged with the same strain. Infect. Immun. 60, 2593–2597 (1992).
  • Alves A, Lásaro M, Almeida D et al. Epitope specificity of antibodies raised against enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil CFA/I fimbriae in mice immunized with naked DNA. Vaccine 16,9–15 (1998).
  • Alves A, Lásaro M, Almeida D et al. DNA immunization against CFA/I fimbriae of enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC). Vaccine 19,788–795 (2001).
  • Tacket CO, Mason HS, Losonsky G et al Immunogenicity in humans of a recombinant bacterial antigen delivered in a transgenic plant. Nature Med. 4,607–609 (1998).
  • Yu J, Langridge WHR. A plant-based multicomponent vaccine protects mice from enteric diseases. Nature Biotech. 19, 548–552 (2001).
  • Huang Y, Wanqi L, Pan A et al Production of FaeG, the major subunit of K88 fimbriae, in transgenic tobacco plants and its immunogenicity in mice. Infect. Immun. 71,5436-5439 (2003).
  • Streatfield S, Mayor J, Barker D et al Development of an edible subunit vaccine in corn against enteratoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 38,11–17 (2002).
  • Streatfield S, Lane J, Brooks C et al Corn as a production system for human and animal vaccines. Vaccine 21,812–815 (2003).
  • Webster DE, Cooney ML, Huang Z et al Successful boosting of a DNA measles immunization with an oral plant-derived measles virus vaccine. J Virol 76, 7910–7912 (2002).
  • Turner AK, Terry TD, Sack DA et al. Construction and characterization of genetically defined am omp mutants of enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil and preliminary studies of safety and immunogenicity in humans. Infect. Immun. 69,4969-4979 poly.
  • Gaerefia-Burguefio F, Hall ER, Taylor DN et al. Safety and immunogenicity of prototype enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil vaccine administered transcutaneously. Infect. Immun. 70,1874–1880 (2002).
  • Yu J, Cassels FJ, Scharton-Kersten T et al Transcutaneous immunization using colonization factor and heat-labile enteratoxin induces correlates of protective immunity for enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil. Infect. Immun. 70, 1056–1068 (2002).
  • Tacket CO, Reid RH, Baedeker EC et al Enteral immunization and challenge of volunteers given enteratoxigenic E. coil CFA/II encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres. Vaccine 12 (1994).
  • Felder CB, Vorlander N, Gander B et al Microencapsulated enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil and detached fimbriae for peroral vaccination of pigs. Vaccine 19, 706–715 (2001).
  • Katz D, DeLorimier A, Wolf M et al Oral immunization of adult volunteers with microencapsulated enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC) C56 antigen. Vaccine 21,341–346 (2003).
  • Giannella, RA. Suckling mouse model for detection of heat-stable Escherichia coil enteratoxin. Infect. Immun. 14,95–99 (1976).
  • Spira WM, Sack RB, Froelich JL. Simple adult rabbit model for Vibrio cholerae and enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil diarrhea. Infect. Immun. 32,739–747 (1981).
  • Byrd W, Mog S, Cassels FJ. Pathogenicity and immune response measured in mice following intranasal challenge with enteratoxigenic Escherichia coil strains H10407 and B7A. Infect. Immun. 71, 13–21 (2003).
  • Sanchez J, Johansson S, Lowenadler B et al. Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit and gene fusion proteins for oral vaccination. Res. MicrobioL 141 (7-8), 971–979 (1990).
  • Clements JD, Cardenas L. Vaccines against enteratoxigenic bacterial pathogens based on hybrid Salmonella that express heterologous antigens. Res. Microbiol 141(7-8), 981–993 (1990).
  • Rolfe R. The role of probiotic cultures in the control of gastrointestinal health. J Nutr. 130(Suppl. 2S), S396—S402 (2000).
  • Sullivan A, Nord C. Probiotics in human infections. J Antimicrobial. Chem. 50, 625–627 (2002).

Websites

  • Chiron Corporation www.chiron.com Accessed September, 2004.
  • The US Army Medical Materiel Development Activity www.usammda.army.mil Accessed September, 2004.
  • AVANT Immunotherapeutics, Inc. www.avantimmune.com Accessed September, 2004.
  • Microscience www.microscience.com Accessed September, 2004.
  • ImmunCell Corporation www.immucell.com Accessed September, 2004.
  • Prodigene www.prodigene.com Accessed September, 2004.
  • Bioport www.bioport.com Accessed September, 2004.
  • Acambis www.acambis.com Accessed September, 2004.
  • IOMAI Corporation www.iomai.com Accessed September, 2004.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.