56
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Vaccination for atherosclerosis: a novel therapeutic paradigm

, , &
Pages 711-716 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • Libby P Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 420,868–874 (2002).
  • •Excellent overview of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
  • Shah PK. Mechanisms of plaque vulnerability and rupture. J Am. Coll. Cardio]. 41 (Suppl. 4) S15-S22 (2003).
  • •Reviews the link between inflammation, plaque rupture and thrombosis.
  • Ross R. Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. N Engl. Med. 340,115–126 (1999).
  • Hansson GK, Libby P, Schonbeck U, Yan ZQ. Innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circ. Res. 91,281–291 (2002).
  • Binder CJ, Chang MK, Shaw PX et al. Innate and acquired immunity in atherogenesis. Nature Med. 8,1218–1226 (2002).
  • •Highlights the immune aspects of atherogenesis.
  • Gordon S. Pattern recognition receptors: doubling up for the innate immuneresponse. Ce11111, 927–930 (2002).
  • Xu XH, Shah PK, Faure E et al. Toll-like receptor-4 is expressed by macrophages in murine and human lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques and unregulated by oxidized LDL. Circulation104, 3103–3108 (2001).
  • Edfeldt K, Swedenborg J, Hansson GK, Yan ZQ. Expression of Toll-like receptors in human atherosclerotic lesions: a possible pathway for plaque activation. Circulation 105,1158–1161 (2002).
  • Michelsen KS, Wong MH, Shah PK et al. Lack of TLR4 or MyD88 reduces atherosclerosis and alters plaque phenotype in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101(29), 10679–10684 (2004).
  • •Key paper demonstrating the involvement of innate immune signaling via the Toll-like receptor in murine atherosclerosis.
  • Shaw PX, Horkko S, Chang MK et al. Natural antibodies with the T15 idiotype may act in atherosclerosis, apoptotic clearance, and protective immunity. J Clin. Invest. 105,1731-1740 (2000).
  • Briles DE, Forman C, Hudak S, Claflin JL. Antiphosphorylcholine antibodies of the T15 idiotype are optimally protective against Streptococcus pneurnoniae. J Exp. Med. 156,1177-1185 (1982).
  • Binder CJ, Horkko S, Dewan A et al. Pneumococcal vaccination decreases atherosclerotic lesion formation: molecular mimicry between Streptococcus pneurnoniae and oxidized LDL. Nature Med. 9, 736–743 (2003).
  • Constant SL, Bottomly K. Induction of Thl and Th2 CDC T-cell responses: the alternative approaches. Ann. Rev Irnmunol. 15,297-322 (1997).
  • Frostegard J, Ulfgren AK, Nyberg P et al. Cytokine expression in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: dominance of pro-inflammatory (Thl) and macrophage-stimulating cytokines. Atherosclerosis 145, 33–43 (1999).
  • Zhou X, Paulsson G, Stemme S, Hansson GK. Hypercholesterolemia is associated with a T-helper (D) 1/Th2 switch of the autoimmune response in atherosclerotic apoE-knockout mice. J Clin. Invest. 101, 1717–1725 (1998).
  • Zhou X, Nicoletti A, Elhage R, Hansson GK. Transfer of CDC T-cells aggravates atherosclerosis in immunodeficient apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Clirulation 102,2919–2922 (2000).
  • Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T-cells: key controllers of immunologic self-tolerance. Ce11101, 455–458 (2000).
  • Groux H, O'Garra A, Bigler M et al. A CDC T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature 389,737–742 (1997).
  • Mallat Z, Gojova A, Brun V et al. Induction of a regulatory T-cell Type 1 response reduces the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation 108, 1232–1237 (2003).
  • Mallat Z, Besnard S, Duriez M et al. Protective role of interleukin-10 in atherosclerosis. Circ. Res. 85, E17-24 (1999).
  • Pinderski Oslund LJ, Hedrick CC, Olvera T et al. Interleukin-10 blocks atherosclerotic events in vitro and in vivo. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vag. Biol. 19, 2847–2853 (1999).
  • Caligiuri G, Rudling M, O11ivier V et al. Interleukin-10 deficiency increases atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and low-density lipoproteins in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Mol. Med. 9,10-17 (2003).
  • Robertson AK, Rudling M, Zhou X et al. Disruption of TGF-13 signalling in T-cells accelerates atherosclerosis. j Clin. Invest. 112,1342-1350 (2003).
  • Kronenberg M, Brossay L, Kurepa Z, Forman J. Conserved lipid and peptide presentation functions of nonclassical class I molecules. Irnmunol. Today20,515–521 (1999).
  • Tupin E, Nicoletti A, Elhage R et al. CD1- dependent activation of NK T-cells aggravates atherosclerosis. J Exp. Med. 199, 417–422 (2004).
  • Nakai Y, Iwabuchi K, Fujii S et al. Natural killer T-cells accelerate atherogenesis in mice. Blood 104 (7), 2051–2059 (2004).
  • Frostegard J. Autoimmunity, oxidized LDL and cardiovascular disease. Autoirnmun. Rev 1,233–237 (2002).
  • Lehtimaki T, Lehtinen S, Solakivi T et al. Autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein in patients with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 19, 23–27 (1999).
  • Hulthe J, Wiklund O, Hurt-Camejo E, Bondjers G. Antibodies to oxidized LDL in relation to carotid atherosclerosis, cell adhesion molecules, and phospholipase A(2). Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 21,269-274 (2001).
  • Hulthe J, Bokemark L, Fagerberg B. Antibodies to oxidized LDL in relation to intima—media thickness in carotid and femoral arteries in 58-year-old subjectively clinically healthy men. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 21, 101–107 (2001).
  • Tornvall P, Waeg G, Nilsson J, Hamsten A, Regnstrom J. Autoantibodies against modified low-density lipoproteins in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis167, 347–353 (2003).
  • Salonen JT, Yla-Herttuala S, Yamamoto R et al. Autoantibody against oxidised LDL and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Lancet 339,883–887 (1992).
  • Perschinka H, Mayr M, Millonig G et al. Crossreactive B-cell epitopes of microbial and human heat shock protein 60/65 in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23,1060-1065 (2003).
  • Afek A, George J, Gilburd B et al. Immunization of low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDL-RD) mice with heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) promotes early atherosclerosis. J Autoirnmun. 14, 115–121 (2000).
  • Xu Q, Dietrich H, Steiner HJ et al. Induction of arteriosclerosis in normocholesterolemic rabbits by immunization with heat shock protein 65. Arterioscler. Thromb. 12,789-799 (1992).
  • Lamb DJ, Ferns GA. The magnitude of the immune response to heat shock protein 65 following BCG immunization is associated with the extent of experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 165, 231–240 (2002).
  • Xu Q, Willeit J, Marosi M et al. Association of serum antibodies to heat shock protein 65 with carotid atherosclerosis. Lancet 341, 255–259 (1993).
  • Stemme S, Faber B, Holm J et al. T-lymphocytes from human atherosclerotic plaques recognize oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci USA 92, 3893–3897 (1995).
  • Ameli S, Hultgardh-Nilsson A, Regnström J et al. Effect of immunization with homologous LDL on early atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 16,1074–1079 (1996).
  • •One of the earliest demonstrations of the atheroprotective role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) immunization.
  • Nilsson J, Calara F, Regnström J et al. Immunization with homologous oxidized low-density lipoprotein reduces neointimal formation after balloon in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Am. Coll. Cardiol. 30,1886–1891 (1997).
  • Palinski W, Miller E, Witztum JL. Immunization of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient rabbits with homologous malondialdehyde-modified LDL reduces atherogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92,821–825 (1995).
  • •One of the earliest demonstrations of the atheroprotective role of oxidized LDL immunization.
  • Freigang S, Horkko S, Miller E, Witztum JL, Palinski W. Immunization of LDL-receptor-deficient mice with homologous malondialdehyde-modified and native LDL reduces progression of atherosclerosis by mechanisms other than induction of high titers of antibodies to oxidative neoepitopes. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 18,1972–1982 (1998).
  • Zhou X, Caligiuri G, Hamsten A, Lefvert AK, Hansson GK. LDL immunization induces T-cell-dependent antibody formation and protection against atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thrornb. Vase. Biol. 21,108–114 (2001).
  • Chyu KY, Reyes OS, Zhao X et al. Timing affects the efficacy of LDL immunization on atherosclerotic lesions in apoE mice. Atherosclerosis 176 (1), 27–35 (2004).
  • Fredrikson GN, Hedblad B, Berglund G et al. Identification of immune responses against aldehyde-modified peptide sequences in ApoB associated with cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler. Thrornb. Vase. Biol. 23,872–878 (2003).
  • Fredrikson GN, Soderberg I, Lindholm M et al. Inhibition of atherosclerosis in ApoE-null mice by immunization with ApoB-100 peptide sequences. Arterioscler. Thrornb. Vase. Biol. 23,879-884 (2003).
  • •Proof-of-concept study demonstrating the atheroprotective effects of immunization with specific apolipoprotein (apo)B-related peptide mixtures as antigens.
  • Reyes OS, Chyu KY, Yano J et al. Immunization with a novel human apoB-100-related peptide reduces atherosclerosis and inflammation in apoE null mice. J. Am. Coll. Cardio]. 39 (Suppl. A), 5 (2002).
  • •Proof-of-concept study demonstrating the atheroprotective effects of immunization with specific apoB-related single peptide as antigens.
  • Schipou A, Bengtsson J, Soderberg I et al. Recombinant human antibodies against aldehyde-modified apolipoprotein B-100 peptide sequences inhibit atherosclerosis. Circulation 110 (14), 2047-2052 (2004).
  • Chen Y, Kuchroo VK, Inobe JI, Hafler DA, Weiner HL. Regulatory T-cell clones induced by oral tolerance: suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Science 265,1237–1240 (1994).
  • Miller A, Lider O, Weiner HL. Antigen- driven bystander suppression following oral administration of antigens. J. Exp. Med. 174, 791–798 (1991).
  • Chen Y, Inobe JI, Marks R et al. Peripheral deletion of antigen-reactive T-cells in oral tolerance. Nature 376,177–180 (1995).
  • Whitacre CC, Gienapp IE, Orosz CG, Bitar D. Oral tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. III. Evidence for clonal anergy. j Irnmunol. 147,2155–2163 (1991).
  • Friedman A, Weiner H. Induction of anergy or active suppression following oral tolerance is determined by antigen dosage. Proc. Nail Acad. Sci. USA 91,6688–6692 (1994).
  • Harats D, Yacov N, Gilburd B et al. Oral tolerance with heat shock protein 65 attenuates Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced and high-fat-diet-driven atherosclerotic lesions. J. Am. Coll. Cardio]. 40(7), 1333–1338 (2002).
  • •Key report demonstrating atheroprotective effects of oral tolerization to heat shock protein.
  • George J, Yacov N, Breitbart E et al. Suppression of early atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor-deficient mice by oral tolerance with 132-glycoprotein I. Cardiovasc. Res. 62(3), 603–609 (2004).
  • Maron R, Sukhova G, Faria AM et al. Mucosal administration of heat shock protein 65 decreases atherosclerosis and inflammation in aortic arch of low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Circulation 106(13), 1708–1715 (2002).
  • Rittershaus CVV, Miller DP, Thomas LJ et al. Vaccine-induced antibodies inhibit CETP activity in vivo and reduce aortic lesions in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thrornb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 2106–2112 (2000).
  • Davidson MH, Maki K, Umporowicz D et al. The safety and immunogenicity of a CETP vaccine in healthy adults. Atherosclerosis 169,113–120 (2003).
  • Naghavi M, Barlas Z, Siadaty S et al. Association of influenza vaccination and reduced risk of recurrent myocardial infarction. Circulation 102,3039–3045 (2000).
  • •First report suggesting cardiovascular risk reduction with influenza vaccination.
  • Siscovick DS, Raghunathan TE, Lin D et al. Influenza vaccination and the risk of primary cardiac arrest. Am. J. Epiderniol. 152,674–677 (2000).
  • Nichol KL, Nordin J, Mullooly J et al. Influenza vaccination and reduction in hospitalizations for cardiac disease and stroke among the elderly. N Engl. J. Med. 348,1322–1332 (2003).
  • Gurfinkel EP, de la Fuente RU, Mendiz O, Mautner B. Influenza vaccine pilot study in acute coronary syndromes and planned percutaneous coronary interventions: the FLU Vaccination Acute Coronary Syndromes (FLUVACS) Study. Circulation 105,2143–2147 (2002).
  • Madjid M, Naghavi M, Litovsky S, Casscells SW. Influenza and cardiovascular disease: a new opportunity for prevention and the need for further studies. Circulation 108,2730–2736 (2003).
  • Jackson LA, Yu O, Heckbert SR et al. Influenza vaccination is not associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrent coronary events. Am. J. Epiderniol. 156,634–640 (2002).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.