Myxomatous mitral valve disease bench to bedside: LDL-density-pressure regulates Lrp5

References

• Iung B, Vahanian A. Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in the adult. Nat Rev Cardiol 2011;8:162-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Rourke RA, Bailey SR. Mitral valve prolapse syndrome. In: The Heart (Chapter 68); 2004; p. 1695-706
   Google Scholar
• Reid JV. Mid-systolic clicks. S Afr Med J 1961;35:353-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barlow JB, Pocock WA, Marchand P, Denny M. The significance of late systolic murmurs. Am Heart J 1963;66:443-52
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freed LA, Acierno JS Jr, Dai D, et al. A locus for autosomal dominant mitral valve prolapse on chromosome 11p15.4. Am J Human Genet 2003;72:1551-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou HT, Shi YR, Hsu Y, Tsai FJ. Association between fibrillin-1 gene exon 15 and 27 polymorphisms and risk of mitral valve prolapse. J Heart Valve Dis 2003;12:475-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease) developed in collaboration with the society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists endorsed by the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions and the society of thoracic surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:e1-148
   Google Scholar
• Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC Jr. Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary. A report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee on management of patients with valvular heart disease). Circulation 1998;98:1949-
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahanian A, Baumgartner H, Bax J, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: the task force on the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2007;28:230-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caira FC, Stock SR, Gleason TG, et al. Human degenerative valve disease is associated with up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 receptor-mediated bone formation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1707-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grande-Allen KJ, Borowski AG, Troughton RW, et al. Apparently normal mitral valves in patients with heart failure demonstrate biochemical and structural derangements: an extracellular matrix and echocardiographic study.[see comment]. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45(1):54-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grande-Allen KJ, Calabro A, Gupta V, et al. Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in normal mitral valve leaflets and chordae: association with regions of tensile and compressive loading. Glycobiology 2004;14(7):621-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grande-Allen KJ, Griffin BP, Calabro A, et al. Myxomatous mitral valve chordae. Ii: selective elevation of glycosaminoglycan content. J Heart Valve Dis 2001;10:325-32. discussion 332-323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazaros G, Toutouzas K, Drakopoulou M, et al. Aortic sclerosis and mitral annulus calcification: a window to vascular atherosclerosis? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013;11:863-77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Kanu C, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease): Developed in collaboration with the society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists: Endorsed by the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions and the society of thoracic surgeons. Circulation 2006;114:e84-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease) developed in collaboration with the society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists endorsed by the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions and the society of thoracic surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:e1-148
   Google Scholar
• Suri RM, Vanoverschelde JL, Grigioni F, et al. Association between early surgical intervention vs watchful waiting and outcomes for mitral regurgitation due to flail mitral valve leaflets. JAMA 2013;310:609-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling LH, Enriquez-Sarano M, Seward JB, et al. Early surgery in patients with mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets: a long-term outcome study. Circulation 1997;96:1819-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling LH, Enriquez-Sarano M, Seward JB, et al. Clinical outcome of mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1417-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenhek R, Rader F, Klaar U, et al. Outcome of watchful waiting in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2006;113:2238-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, et al. Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med 2005;352:875-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren JF, Panidis IP, Kotler MN, et al. Flail mitral valve syndrome: comparison with chronic mitral regurgitation of other etiologies. Am Heart J 1985;109:435-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabkin E, Aikawa M, Stone JR, et al. Activated interstitial myofibroblasts express catabolic enzymes and mediate matrix remodeling in myxomatous heart valves. Circulation 2001;104:2525-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM, Spelsberg TC, Moura LM. Mitral valve disease in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia. Rev Port Cardiol 2010;29:841-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Makkena B, Salti H, Subramaniam M, et al. Atorvastatin decreases cellular proliferation and bone matrix expression in the hypercholesterolemic mitral valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:631-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM. The role of lrp5/6 in cardiac valve disease: experimental hypercholesterolemia in the apoe-/-/lrp5-/- mice. J Cell Biochem 2011;112:2987-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM. The role of lrp5/6 in cardiac valve disease: LDL-density-pressure theory. J Cell Biochem 2011;112:2222-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM. Bicuspid aortic valve disease: the role of oxidative stress in lrp5 bone formation. Cardiovasc Pathol 2011;20:168-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM, Subramaniam M, Caira F, et al. Atorvastatin inhibits hypercholesterolemia-induced calcification in the aortic valves via the lrp5 receptor pathway. Circulation 2005;112:I229-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM, Rosenhek RA, Rahimtoola SH. Atorvastatin attenuates severe myxomatous mitral regurgitation via lrp5/sox9 formation, European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2009;30(Suppl):Abstract 997
   Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM, Subramaniam M, et al. Atorvastatin inhibits hypercholesterolemia-induced cellular proliferation and bone matrix production in the rabbit aortic valve. Circulation 2002;105:2660-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Icardo JM, Colvee E, Revuelta JM. Structural analysis of chordae tendineae in degenerative disease of the mitral valve. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:1603-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM, Edwards WD, Spelsberg TC. Hypercholesterolemic aortic-valve disease. N Engl J Med 2003;349:717-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM, Sangiorgi G, Springett M, et al. Experimental hypercholesterolemia induces apoptosis in the aortic valve. J Heart Valve Dis 2001;10:371-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makkena B, Salti H, Subramaniam M, et al. Atorvastatin decreases cellular proliferation and bone matrix expression in the hypercholesterolemic mitral valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:631-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM, Subramaniam M et al. Atorvastatin inhibits calcification and enhances nitric oxide synthase production in the hypercholesterolaemic aortic valve. Heart 2005;91:806-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson ML, Summerfield DT. Parameters of lrp5 from a structural and molecular perspective. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2005;15:229-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caira FC, Stock SR, Gleason TG, et al. Human degenerative valve disease is associated with up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 receptor-mediated bone formation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1707-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon A, Lodder J, Cheriex E, Kessels F. Mitral annulus calcification is not an independent risk factor for stroke: a cohort study of 657 patients. J Neurol 1997;244:535-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I. Association of mitral annular calcium with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in older persons. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:333-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tietge WJ, de Heer LM, van Hessen MW, et al. Early mitral valve repair versus watchful waiting in patients with severe asymptomatic organic mitral regurgitation; rationale and design of the Dutch AMR trial, a multicenter, randomised trial. Neth Heart J 2012;20:94-101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tietge WJ, de Heer LM, van Hessen MW, et al. Early mitral valve repair versus watchful waiting in patients with severe asymptomatic organic mitral regurgitation; rationale and design of the Dutch AMR trial, a multicenter, randomised trial. Neth Heart J 2012;20:94-101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamannan NM, Spelsberg TC, Moura LM. Mitral valve disease in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia. Rev Port Cardiol 2010;29:841-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar