Orthostatic hypotension: managing a difficult problem

References

• Rose KM, Eigenbrodt ML, Biga RL, et al. Orthostatic hypotension predicts mortality in middle-aged adults: The atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Circulation 2006;114(7):630-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angelousi A, Girerd N, Benetos A, et al. Association between orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular risk, cerebrovascular risk, cognitive decline and falls as well as overall mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2014;32(8):1562-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masaki KH, Schatz IJ, Burchfiel CM, et al. Orthostatic hypotension predicts mortality in elderly men: The Honolulu heart program. Circulation 1998;98(21):2290-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedorowski A, Stavenow L, Hedblad B, et al. Orthostatic hypotension predicts all-cause mortality and coronary events in middle-aged individuals (the Malmö Preventive Project). Eur Heart J 2010;31(1):85-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ooi WL, Hossain M, Lipsitz LA. The association between orthostatic hypotension and recurrent falls in nursing home residents. Am J Med 2000;108(2):106-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutan GH, Hermanson B, Bild DE, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in older adults. the cardiovascular health study. CHS collaborative research group. Hypertension 1992;19(6 Pt 1):508-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon IO, Braun U. High prevalence of orthostatic hypotension and its correlation with potentially causative medications among elderly veterans. J Clin Pharm Ther 2005;30(2):173-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibao C, Grijalva CG, Raj SR, et al. Orthostatic hypotension-related hospitalizations in the united states. Am J Med 2007;120(11):975-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukai S, Lipsitz LA. Orthostatic hypotension. Clin Geriatr Med 2002;18(2):253-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raj SR, Biaggioni I, Yamhure PC, et al. Renin-aldosterone paradox and perturbed blood volume regulation underlying postural tachycardia syndrome. Circulation 2005;111(13):1574-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob G, Ertl AC, Shannon JR, et al. Effect of standing on neurohumoral responses and plasma volume in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1998;84(3):914-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medow MS, Stewart JM, Sanyal S, et al. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of orthostatic hypotension and vasovagal syncope. Cardiol Rev 2008;16(1):4-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka H, Sjoberg BJ, Thulesius O. Cardiac output and blood pressure during active and passive standing. Clin Physiol 1996;16(2):157-70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grubb BP, Kosinski D. Dysautonomic and reflex syncope syndromes. Cardiol Clin 1997;15(2):257-68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, et al. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res 2011;21(2):69-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson D, Kincaid DW, Haile V, Robertson RM. The head and neck discomfort of autonomic failure: An unrecognized aetiology of headache. Clin Auton Res 1994;4(3):99-103
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Orthostatic dyspnea: A neglected symptom of orthostatic hypotension. Clin Auton Res 2005;15(1):40-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieling W, Krediet CT, van Dijk N, et al. Initial orthostatic hypotension: Review of a forgotten condition. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007;112(3):157-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart JM. Clarke D. “He’s dizzy when he stands up”: An introduction to initial orthostatic hypotension. J Pediatr 2011;158(3):499-504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finucane C, O’Connell MD, Fan CW, et al. Age-related normative changes in phasic orthostatic blood pressure in a large population study: Findings from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA). Circulation 2014;130(20):1780-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Delayed orthostatic hypotension: A frequent cause of orthostatic intolerance. Neurology 2006;67(1):28-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podoleanu C, Maggi R, Oddone D, et al. The hemodynamic pattern of the syndrome of delayed orthostatic hypotension. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2009;26(2):143-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nwazue VC, Raj SR. Confounders of vasovagal syncope: Orthostatic hypotension. Cardiol Clin 2013;31(1):89-100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benarroch EE. The clinical approach to autonomic failure in neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2014;10(7):396-407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanciulli A, Wenning GK. Multiple-system atrophy. N Engl J Med 2015;372(3):249-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetrugno R, Liguori R, Cortelli P, et al. Sleep-related stridor due to dystonic vocal cord motion and neurogenic tachypnea/tachycardia in multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 2007;22(5):673-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braune S, Reinhardt M, Schnitzer R, et al. Cardiac uptake of [123I]MIBG separates Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy. Neurology 1999;53(5):1020-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower JH, Maraganore DM, McDonnell SK, Rocca WA. Incidence of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy in Olmsted county, Minnesota, 1976 to 1990. Neurology 1997, 49(5):1284-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa JJ, Singer W, Parsaik A, et al. Multiple system atrophy: Prognostic indicators of survival. Mov Disord 2014;29(9):1151-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaacson SH, Skettini J. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease: Evaluation, management, and emerging role of droxidopa. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2014;10:169-76
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldstein DS. Dysautonomia in Parkinson disease. Compr Physiol 2014;4(2):805-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palma JA, Gomez-Esteban JC, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson disease: How much you fall or how low you go? Mov Disord 2015;30(5):639-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaisetthawatkul P, Boeve BF, Benarroch EE, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 2004;62(10):1804-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland EM, Gamboa A, Okamoto L, et al. Renal impairment of pure autonomic failure. Hypertension 2009;54(5):1057-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung EJ, Kim SJ. 123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in Lewy body-related disorders: A literature review. J Mov Disord 2015;8(2):55-66
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann H, Nahm K, Purohit D, Wolfe D. Autonomic failure as the initial presentation of Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 2004;63(6):1093-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore A, Ryan J, Watts M, et al. Orthostatic tolerance in older patients with vitamin B12 deficiency before and after vitamin B12 replacement. Clin Auton Res 2004;14(2):67-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low PA, Gilden JL, Freeman R, et al. Efficacy of midodrine vs placebo in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. A randomized, double-blind multicenter study. midodrine study group. JAMA 1997;277(13):1046-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehrking JA, Hines SM, Benrud-Larson LM, et al. What is the minimum duration of head-up tilt necessary to detect orthostatic hypotension? Clin Auton Res 2005;15(2):71-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak P. Assessment of sympathetic index from the valsalva maneuver. Neurology 2011;76(23):2010-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel ER, Sandroni P, Low PA. Blood pressure recovery from valsalva maneuver in patients with autonomic failure. Neurology 2005;65(10):1533-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natale A, Akhtar M, Jazayeri M, et al. Provocation of hypotension during head-up tilt testing in subjects with no history of syncope or presyncope. Circulation 1995;92(1):54-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoor WN, Smith MA, Miller NL. Upright tilt testing in evaluating syncope: A comprehensive literature review. Am J Med 1994;97(1):78-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen RW. Postprandial hypotension: Simple treatment but difficulties with the diagnosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005;60(10):1268-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trahair LG, Horowitz M, Jones KL. Postprandial hypotension: A systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;15(6):394-409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puvi-Rajasingham S, Mathias CJ. Effect of meal size on post-prandial blood pressure and on postural hypotension in primary autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 1996;6(2):111-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein DS, Pechnik S, Holmes C, et al. Association between supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension 2003;42(2):136-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vagaonescu TD, Saadia D, Tuhrim S, et al. Hypertensive cardiovascular damage in patients with primary autonomic failure. Lancet 2000;355(9205):725-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omboni S, Smit AA, van Lieshout JJ, et al. Mechanisms underlying the impairment in orthostatic tolerance after nocturnal recumbency in patients with autonomic failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2001;101(6):609-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Lieshout JJ, ten Harkel AD, Wieling W. Physical manoeuvres for combating orthostatic dizziness in autonomic failure. Lancet 1992;339(8798):897-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold AC, Shibao C. Current concepts in orthostatic hypotension management. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013;15(4):304-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan J, Shannon JR, Grogan E, et al. A potent pressor response elicited by drinking water. Lancet 1999;353(9154):723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan J, Shannon JR, Black BK, et al. The pressor response to water drinking in humans: A sympathetic reflex? Circulation 2000;101(5):504-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raj SR, Biaggioni I, Black BK, et al. Sodium paradoxically reduces the gastropressor response in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Hypertension 2006;48(2):329-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh J, Keller NR, Appalsamy M, et al. Portal osmopressor mechanism linked to transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 and blood pressure control. Hypertension 2010;55(6):1438-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa JJ, Basford JR, Low PA. Preventing and treating orthostatic hypotension: As easy as A, B, C. Cleve Clin J Med 2010;77(5):298-306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright RA, Kaufmann HC, Perera R, et al. A double-blind, dose-response study of midodrine in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Neurology 1998;51(1):120-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong AC, Myint PK, Shepstone L, Potter JF. A systematic review of the pharmacological management of orthostatic hypotension. Int J Clin Pract 2013;67(7):633-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izcovich A, Gonzalez Malla C, Manzotti M, et al. Midodrine for orthostatic hypotension and recurrent reflex syncope: A systematic review. Neurology 2014;83(13):1170-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain RM, McIntosh SJ, Lawson J, Kenny RA. Fludrocortisone in the treatment of hypotensive disorders in the elderly. Heart 1996;76(6):507-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer W, Opfer-Gehrking TL, McPhee BR, et al. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition: A novel approach in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74(9):1294-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibao C, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, et al. Comparative efficacy of yohimbine against pyridostigmine for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension 2010;56(5):847-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann H, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Palma JA. Droxidopa in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015;13(8):875-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann H, Freeman R. Biaggioni, et al. Droxidopa for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Neurology 2014;83(4):328-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan J, Shibao C, Biaggioni I. Multiple system atrophy: Using clinical pharmacology to reveal pathophysiology. Clin Auton Res 2015;25(1):53-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez CE, Okamoto LE, Arnold AC, et al. Efficacy of atomoxetine versus midodrine for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension 2014;64(6):1235-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan J, Shannon JR, Biaggioni I, et al. Contrasting actions of pressor agents in severe autonomic failure. Am J Med 1998;105(2):116-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordet R, Benhadjali J, Destee A, et al. Octreotide effects on orthostatic hypotension in patients with multiple system atrophy: A controlled study of acute administration. Clin Neuropharmacol 1995;18(1):83-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biaggioni I, Robertson RM, Robertson D. Manipulation of norepinephrine metabolism with yohimbine in the treatment of autonomic failure. J Clin Pharmacol 1994;34(5):418-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibao C, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, et al. Comparative efficacy of yohimbine against pyridostigmine for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension 2010;56(5):847-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouad-Tarazi FM, Okabe M, Goren H. Alpha sympathomimetic treatment of autonomic insufficiency with orthostatic hypotension. Am J Med 1995;99(6):604-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biaggioni I, Zygmunt D, Haile V, Robertson D. Pressor effect of inhaled ergotamine in orthostatic hypotension. Am J Cardiol 1990;65(1):89-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey RB, Jr, Rao SD, Holmburg SL, Victor RG. Ergotamine/caffeine treatment of orthostatic hypotension in parkinsonism with autonomic failure. Eur J Neurol 1998;5(6):593-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold AC, Ramirez CE, Choi L, et al. Combination ergotamine and caffeine improves seated blood pressure and presyncopal symptoms in autonomic failure. Front Physiol 2014;5:270
   Google Scholar
• Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Krantz S, et al. The anemia of primary autonomic failure and its reversal with recombinant erythropoietin. Ann Intern Med 1994;121(3):181-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeldtke RD, Streeten DH. Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with erythropoietin. N Engl J Med 1993;329(9):611-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibao C, Gamboa A, Diedrich A, et al. Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, attenuates postprandial hypotension in autonomic failure. Hypertension 2007;50(1):54-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold AC, Biaggioni I. Management approaches to hypertension in autonomic failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2012;21(5):481-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold AC, Okamoto LE, Gamboa A, et al. Angiotensin II, independent of plasma renin activity, contributes to the hypertension of autonomic failure. Hypertension 2013;61(3):701-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitka M. FDA takes slow road toward withdrawal of drug approved with fast-track process. JAMA 2011;305(10):982-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar