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Catheter-directed thrombolysis for extensive iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: review of literature and ongoing trials

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Pages 189-200 | Received 10 Sep 2015, Accepted 13 Nov 2015, Published online: 17 Dec 2015

References

  • Papers of special note have been highlighted as:
  • • of interest
  • •• of considerable interest
  • Kahn SR, Shrier I, Julian JA, et al. Determinants and time course of the postthrombotic syndrome after acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(10):698–707.
  • Watson L, Broderick C, Armon MP. Thrombolysis for acute deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;1:CD002783.
  • Grewal NK, Martinez JT, Andrews L, et al. Quantity of clot lysed after catheter-directed thrombolysis for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis correlates with postthrombotic morbidity. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51(5):1209–1214.
  • Comerota AJ, Grewal N, Martinez JT, et al. Postthrombotic morbidity correlates with residual thrombus following catheter-directed thrombolysis for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55(3):768–773.
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  • Du GC, Zhang MC, Zhao JC. Catheter-directed thrombolysis plus anticoagulation versus anticoagulation alone in the treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis - a meta-analysis. Vasa. 2015;44(3):195–202.
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  • Elsharawy M, Elzayat E. Early results of thrombolysis vs anticoagulation in iliofemoral venous thrombosis. A randomised clinical trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2002;24(3):209–214.

•• This paper described the results of an early randomized controlled trial, which compared the effectiveness and safety profiles of catheter-directed thrombolysis and anticoagulation versus anticoagulation alone in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.

  • Shi HJ, Huang YH, Shen T, et al. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Eur J Radiol. 2009;71(2):350–355.
  • Srinivas BC, Patra S, Nagesh CM, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis along with mechanical thromboaspiration versus anticoagulation alone in the management of lower limb deep venous thrombosis: a comparative study. Int J Angiol. 2014;23(4):247–254.
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  • Srinivas BC, Patra S, Reddy B, et al. Outcome of venous stenting following catheter directed thrombolysis for acute proximal lower limb venous thrombosis: a prospective study with venous Doppler follow-up at 1-year. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2015;30(4):320–326.
  • Dumantepe M, Tarhan IA, Ozler A. Treatment of chronic deep vein thrombosis using ultrasound accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2013;46(3):366–371.
  • Engelberger RP, Fahrni J, Willenberg T, et al. Fixed low-dose ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis followed by routine stenting of residual stenosis for acute ilio-femoral deep-vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 2014;111(6):1153–1160.

•• This paper described the results of a recent randomized controlled trial, which compared the effectiveness and safety profiles of ultrasound-assisted catheter directed thrombolysis versus catheter-directed thrombolysis alone in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.

  • Enden T, Haig Y, Kløw NE, et al. Long-term outcome after additional catheter-directed thrombolysis versus standard treatment for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (the CaVenT study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;379(9810):31–38.

•• This paper described the results of a recent randomized controlled trial, which compared the effectiveness and safety profiles of catheter-directed thrombolysis and anticoagulation versus anticoagulation alone in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.

  • Burkart DJ, Borsa JJ, Anthony JP, et al. Thrombolysis of occluded peripheral arteries and veins with tenecteplase: a pilot study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(11):1099–1102.
  • Manninen H, Juutilainen A, Kaukanen E, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis of proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: a prospective trial with venographic and clinical follow-up. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81(6):1197–1202.
  • Enden T, Wik HS, Kvam AK, et al. Health-related quality of life after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis: secondary outcomes of the randomised, non-blinded, parallel-group CaVenT study. BMJ Open. 2013;3(8):e002984.
  • Garcia MJ, Lookstein R, Malhotra R, et al. Endovascular management of deep vein thrombosis with rheolytic thrombectomy: final report of the prospective multicenter PEARL (Peripheral Use of AngioJet Rheolytic Thrombectomy with a Variety of Catheter Lengths) registry. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;26(6):777–785; quiz 786.
  • Lin PH, Hsu HL, Kuo TT, et al. Catheter-direct thrombolysis versus pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for treatment of symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Am J Surg. 2006;192(6):782–788.
  • Huang CY, Hsu HL, Kuo TT, et al. Percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy offers lower risk of post-thrombotic syndrome than catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015;29(5):995–1002.
  • Vedantham S, Vesely TM, Sicard GA, et al. Pharmacomechanical thrombolysis and early stent placement for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004;15(6):565–574.
  • Patra S, Srinivas BC, Nagesh CM, et al. Endovascular management of proximal lower limb deep venous thrombosis - A prospective study with six-month follow-up. Phlebology. 2014;30(7):441–448.
  • Kim HS, Patra A, Paxton BE, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis with percutaneous rheolytic thrombectomy versus thrombolysis alone in upper and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2006;29(6):1003–1007.
  • Castaneda F, Li R, Young K, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis in deep venous thrombosis with use of reteplase: immediate results and complications from a pilot study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(6):577–580.
  • Sillesen H, Just S, Jørgensen M, et al. Catheter directed thrombolysis for treatment of ilio-femoral deep venous thrombosis is durable, preserves venous valve function and may prevent chronic venous insufficiency. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005;30(5):556–562.
  • Zhang X, Ren Q, Jiang X, et al. A prospective randomized trial of catheter-directed thrombolysis with additional balloon dilatation for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: a single-center experience. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2014;37(4):958–968.

•• This paper described the results of a recent randomized controlled trial, which compared the effectiveness and safety profiles of catheter directed thrombolysis alone versus catheter-directed thrombolysis with angioplasty and/or stenting in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.

  • Engelberger RP, Spirk D, Willenberg T, et al. Ultrasound-assisted versus conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(1). doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.002027
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  • Jorgensen M, Broholm R, Baekgaard N. Pregnancy after catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis. Phlebology. 2013;28(Suppl 1):34–38.
  • O’Sullivan GJ, Semba CP, Bittner CA, et al. Endovascular management of iliac vein compression (May-Thurner) syndrome. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2000;11(7):823–836.
  • Kwak HS, Han YM, Lee YS, et al. Stents in common iliac vein obstruction with acute ipsilateral deep venous thrombosis: early and late results. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005;16(6):815–822.
  • Jeon UB, Chung JW, Jae HJ, et al. May-Thurner syndrome complicated by acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis: helical CT venography for evaluation of long-term stent patency and changes in the iliac vein. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195(3):751–757.
  • Park JY, Ahn JH, Jeon YS, et al. Iliac vein stenting as a durable option for residual stenosis after catheter-directed thrombolysis and angioplasty of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis secondary to May-Thurner syndrome. Phlebology. 2014;29(7):461–470.
  • Xue GH, Huang XZ, Ye M, et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis and stenting in the treatment of iliac vein compression syndrome with acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: outcome and follow-up. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014;28(4):957–963.
  • Cui YF, Fu YF, Liu HT, et al. Combined catheter-directed thrombolysis and iliac vein recanalization for iliac vein compression syndrome with secondary acute deep vein thrombosis: effectiveness and long-term outcome. Int Angiol. 2015. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Guyatt GH, Akl EA, Crowther M, et al. Executive summary: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):7S–47S.
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  • Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Kahn SR, et al. Rationale and design of the ATTRACT study: a multicenter randomized trial to evaluate pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for the prevention of postthrombotic syndrome in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis. Am Heart J. 2013;165(4):523–530 e3.

•• This paper described the rationale and design of an ongoing phase 3 randomized controlled trial, which compared the efficacy of three approaches of adjunctive catheter-directed thrombolysis with optimal standard therapy alone in patients with symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis.

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