The prognostic value of anemia, right-heart catheterization and neurohormones in chronic heart failure

References

• Deng MC, De MJ, Smits JM et al. Effect of receiving a heart transplant: analysis of a national cohort entered on to a waiting list, stratified by heart failure severity. Comparative Outcome and Clinical Profiles in Transplantation (COCPIT) Study Group. BMJ 321, 540–545 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart S, MacIntyre K, Hole DJ et al. More ‘malignant’ than cancer? Five-year survival following a first admission for heart failure. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 3, 315–322 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N. Engl J. Med. 344, 1651–1658 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA, Armstrong PW. Anemia is common in heart failure and is associated with a poor outcome. Circulation 107, 223–225 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand I, McMurray JJV, Whitmore J et al. Anemia and its relationship to clinical outcome in heart failure. Circulation 110, 149–154 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izaks GJ, Westendorp RG, Knook DL. The definition of anemia in older persons. JAMA 281, 1714–1717 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner RS, Chong KS, Morton JJ, McDonagh TA. n-terminal brain natriuretic peptide, but not anemia, is a powerful predictor of mortality in advanced heart failure. J. Card. Fail. 11, S47–S53 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• AlAhmad A, Rand W, Manjunath G et al. Reduced kidney function and anemia as risk factors for mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 38(4), 955–962 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plata R, Cornejo A, Arratia C et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition therapy in altitude polycythaemia: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 359, 663–666 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwich TB, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA et al. Anemia is associated with worse symptoms, greater impairment in functional capacity and a significant increase in mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 39, 1780–1786 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN et al. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. US Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N. Engl J. Med. 334, 1349–55 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 353, 9–13 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand IS, Kuskowski MA, Rector TS et al. Anemia and change in hemoglobin over time related to mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 112, 1121–1127 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Sheps D et al. The effect of correction of mild anemia in severe, resistant congestive heart failure using subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron: a randomized controlled study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 37, 1775–1780 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Blum M et al. The use of subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron for the treatment of the anemia of severe, resistant congestive heart failure improves cardiac and renal function and functional cardiac class, and markedly reduces hospitalizations. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 35, 1737–1744 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancini DM, Katz SD, Lang CC et al. Effect of erythropoietin on exercise capacity in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure. Circulation 107, 294–299 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggioni AP, Opasich C, Anand I et al. Anemia in patients with heart failure: prevalence and prognostic role in a controlled trial and in clinical practice. J. Card. Fail. 11, 91–98 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keogh AM, Baron DW, Hickie JB. Prognostic guides in patients with idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy assessed for cardiac transplantation. Am. J. Cardiol. 65, 903–908 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin BP, Shah PK, Ferguson J et al. Incremental prognostic value of exercise hemodynamic variables in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. Am. J. Cardiol. 67, 848–853 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley D, Brozena S. Assessing risk by hemodynamic profile in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation. Am. J. Cardiol. 73, 379–383 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komajda M, Jais P, Reeves F et al. Factors predicting mortality in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur. Heart J. 11, 824–831 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxon LA, Stevenson WG, Middlekauff HR et al. Predicting death from progressive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am. J. Cardiol.. 72, 62–65 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner RS, Henderson G, McDonagh TA. The prognostic use of right heart catheterization data in patients with advanced heart failure: how relevant are invasive procedures in the risk stratification of advanced heart failure in the era of neurohormones? J. Heart Lung Transplant. 24, 303–309 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gore JM, Goldberg RJ, Spodick DH et al. A community-wide assessment of the use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 92, 721–727 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zion MM, Balkin J, Rosenmann D et al. Use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction: analysis of experience in 5,841 patients in the SPRINT Registry. Chest 98, 1331–1335 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connors AF, Speroff T, Dawson NV et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 276, 889–897 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Kirklin JW et al. Pulmonary vascular resistance and the risk of heart transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 7, 331–336 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• Erickson KW, Constanzo-Nordin MR, O’Sullivan EJ et al. Influence of preoperative transpulmonary gradient on late mortality after orthotopic heart transplantation. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 9, 526–537 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Hosenpud JD, Bennet LE, Keck BM et al. ISHLT Registry Report: The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Seventeenth Official Report–2000. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 19, 909–931 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourge RC, Kirklin JK, Naftel DC et al. Predicting outcome after cardiac transplantations: lessons from the Cardiac Transplant Research Database. Curr. Opinion Cardiol. 12, 136–145 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy JF, McCarthy PM, Massad MG et al. Risk factors for death after heart transplantation: does a single-centre experience correlate with multicentre registries? Ann. Thoracic. Surgery 65, 1574–1579 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunschweig F, Linde C, Eriksson MJ et al. Continuous haemodynamic monitoring during withdrawal of diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 23, 59–69 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamson PB, Magalski A, Braunschweig F et al. Ongoing right ventricular haemodynamics in heart failure: clinical value of measurements derived from an implantable monitoring system. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 565–571 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jougasaki M, Wei C, McKinley LJ. Elevation of circulating and ventricular adrenomedullin in human congestive heart failure. Circulation 92, 286–289 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pousset F, Masson F, Chavirovskaia O et al. Plasma adrenomedullin, a new independent predictor of prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 21, 1009–1014 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards AM, Doughty R, Nicholls MG et al. Plasma n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin: Prognostic utility and prediction of benefit from carvedilol in chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 37, 1781–1787 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner RS, Chong V, Morton I, McDonagh TA. n-terminal brain natriuretic peptide is a more powerful predictor of mortality than endothelin-1, adrenomedullin and tumour necrosis factor-α in patients referred for consideration of cardiac transplantation. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 7, 253–260 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Maeda K et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide level as a biochemical marker of morbidity and mortality in patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Eur. Heart J. 20, 1799–1807 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand IS, Fisher LD, Chiang YT et al. Changes in brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine over time and mortality and morbidity in the valsartan heart failure trial (Val-HeFT). Circulation 107, 1278–1283 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowburn PJ, Cleland PJ. Endothelin antagonists for chronic heart failure: do they have a role? Eur. Heart J. 22, 1772–1784 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray JJ, Ray SG, Abdullah I et al. Plasma endothelin in chronic heart failure. Circulation 85, 1374–1379 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pousset F, Isnard R, Lechat P et al. Prognostic value of plasma endothelin-1 in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 18, 254–258 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacher R, Stanek B, Hülsmann M et al. Prognostic impact of big endothelin-1 plasma concentrations compared with invasive haemodynamic evaluation in severe heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 27, 633–641 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanek B, Frey B, Hülsmann M et al. Validation of big endothelin plasma levels compared with established neurohormonal markers in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Transplant. Proc. 29, 595–596 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hülsmann M, Stanek B, Frey B et al. Value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and big endothelin plasma levels to predict short-term prognosis os patients with chronic heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 32, 1695–1700 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvais PL, Robert A, Sylvie A et al. Direct comparison between endothelin-1, n-terminal proatrial natriuretic factor, and brain natriuretic peptide as prognostic markers of survival in congestive heart failure. J. Cardiac. Fail. 6 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cody RJ, Haas GJ, Binkley PF et al. Plasma endothelin correlates with the extent of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation 85, 504–509 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickenbacher PR, Trindade PT, Haywood GA et al. Transplant candidates with severe left ventricular dysfunction managed with medical treatment: characteristic and survival. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 27, 1192–1197 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daggubati S, Parks JR, Overton RM. Adrenomedullin, endothelin, neuropeptide Y, atrial, brain, and C-natriuretic prohormone peptides compared as early heart failure indicators. Cardiovasc. Res. 36, 246–255 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner RS, Chong KS, Morton JJ, McDonagh TA. n-terminal brain natriuretic peptide is a more powerful predictor of mortality than endothelin-1, adrenomedullin and tumour necrosis factor-α in patients referred for consideration of cardiac transplantation. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 7(2), 234–241 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Maeda K, Tsutamoto T, Wada A et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a biochemical marker of high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in patients with symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Am. Heart J. 135, 825–832 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman A, Gibbons RJ, Rodeheffer RJ et al. Circulating n-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide as a marker for symptomless left-ventricular dysfunction. Lancet 341, 1105–1109 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis GS, Benedict C, Johnstone DE et al. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure: a substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 82, 1724–1729 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallen T, Landahl S, Hedner T et al. Atrial natriuretic peptides predict mortality in the elderly. J. Intern. Med. 241, 257–259 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonagh TA, Cunningham AD, Morrison CE et al. Left ventricular dysfunction, natriuretic peptides, and mortality in an urban population. Heart 86, 21–26 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulsmann M, Berger R, Sturm B et al. Prediction of outcome by neurohumoral activation, the six-minute walk test and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire in an out-patient cohort with congestive heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 23, 886–91 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch DR, Byrne J, Morton JJ et al. Brain natriuretic peptide is stable in whole blood and can be measured using a simple rapid assay: implications for clinical practice. Heart 78, 594–597 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Maeda K et al. Attenuation of compensation of endogenous cardiac natriuretic peptide system in chronic heart failure: prognostic role of plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration in patients with chronic symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 96, 509–516 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNairy M, Gardetto N, Clopton P et al. Stability of B-type natriuretic peptide levels during exercise in patients with congestive heart failure. Am. Heart J. 143, 406–411 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner RS, Ozalp F, Murday AJ et al. n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. A new gold standard in predicting mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 24, 1735–1743 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger R, Hülsmann M, Strecker K et al. B-type natriuretic peptide predicts sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 105, 2392–2397 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troughton RW, Frampton CM, Yandle TG et al. Treatment of heart failure guided by plasma aminoterminal brain natriuretic peptide concentrations. Lancet 355, 1126–1130 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei C, Heublein DM, Perrella MA et al. Natriuretic peptide system in human heart failure. Circulation 88, 1004–1009 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedberg K, Eneroth P, Kjekshus J et al., for the CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. Circulation 82, 1730–1736 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceconi C, Ferrari R, Bachetti T et al. Chromogranin A in heart failure: A novel neurohormonal factor and a predictor for mortality. Eur. Heart J. 23, 967–974 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagele H, Bahlo M, Klapdor R et al. CA125 and its relation to cardiac function. Am. Heart J. 137, 1044–1049 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Aloia A, Faggiano P, Aurigemma G et al. Serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 in patients with chronic heart failure: Relation to clinical severity, hemodynamic and doppler echocardiographic abnormalities and short-term prognosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 1805–1811 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine B, Kalman J, Mayer L et al. Elevated circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor in severe chronic heart failure. N. Engl J. Med. 323, 236–241 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray JJ, Abdullah I, Dargie HJ et al. Increased concentrations of tumour necrosis factor in ‘cachectic’ patients with severe chronic heart failure. Br. Heart J. 66, 356–358 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Matsumoto T. Relationship between tumour necrosis factor-α production and oxidative stress in failing hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 37, 2086–2092 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari R, Bachetti T, Confortini R et al. Tumour necrosis factor soluble receptors in patients with various degrees of congestive heart failure. Circulation 92, 1479–1486 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kell R, Haunstetter A, Dengler TJ. Do cytokines enable risk stratification to be improved in NYHA functional class III patients? Eur. Heart J. 23, 70–78 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM et al. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N. Engl J. Med. 347(3), 161–167 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dao Q, Krishnaswamy P, Kazanegra R et al. Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in an urgent-care setting. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 37, 379–385 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landray MJ, Lehman R, Arnold I. Measuring brain natriuretic peptide in suspected left ventricular systolic dysfunction in general practice: cross-sectional study. BMJ 320, 985–986 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omland T, Persson A, Ng L et al. n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and long-term mortality in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 106, 2913–2918 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar