33
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Surgical therapy for heart failure

&
Pages 251-263 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W et al. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation113(6), e85–e151 (2006).
  • Bristow MR, Gilbert EM, Abraham WT et al. Carvedilol produces dose-related improvements in left ventricular function and survival in subjects with chronic heart failure. MOCHA Investigators. Circulation94(11), 2807–2816 (1996).
  • Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med.325(5), 303–310 (1991).
  • Pitt B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R et al. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial – the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet355(9215), 1582–1587 (2000).
  • Jong P, Demers C, McKelvie RS, Liu PP. Angiotensin receptor blockers in heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.39(3), 463–470 (2002).
  • Baker DW, Einstadter D, Thomas C, Cebul RD. Mortality trends for 23,505 Medicare patients hospitalized with heart failure in northeast Ohio, 1991 to 1997. Am. Heart J.146(2), 258–264 (2003).
  • Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG et al. Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med.347(18), 1397–1402 (2002).
  • Roger VL, Weston SA, Redfield MM et al. Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based population. JAMA292(3), 344–350 (2004).
  • Rose EA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ et al. Long-term mechanical left ventricular assistance for end-stage heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med.345(20), 1435–1443 (2001).
  • Lower RR, Shumway NE. Studies on orthotopic homotransplantation of the canine heart. Surg. Forum.11, 18–19 (1960).
  • Barnard CN. The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. S. Afr. Med. J.41(48), 1271–1274 (1967).
  • Oyer PE, Stinson EB, Portner PM, Ream AK, Shumway NE. Development of a totally implantable, electrically actuated left ventricularassist system. Am. J. Surg.140(1), 17–25 (1980).
  • Olsen DB, Devries WC, Oyer PE et al. Artificial heart implantation, later cardiac transplantation in the calf. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs27, 132–136 (1981).
  • Batista RJ, Santos JL, Takeshita N, Bocchino L, Lima PN, Cunha MA. Partial left ventriculectomy to improve left ventricular function in end-stage heart disease. J. Card. Surg.11(2), 96–97 (1996).
  • Dor V, Sabatier M, Montiglio F, Coste P, Di Donato M. Endoventricular patch reconstruction in large ischemic wall-motion abnormalities. J. Card. Surg.14(1), 46–52 (1999).
  • Walsh RG. Design and features of the Acorn CorCap Cardiac Support Device: the concept of passive mechanical diastolic support. Heart Fail. Rev.10(2), 101–107 (2005).
  • Fukamachi K, Popovic ZB, Inoue M et al. Changes in mitral annular and left ventricular dimensions and left ventricular pressure-volume relations after off-pump treatment of mitral regurgitation with the Coapsys device. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.25(3), 352–357 (2004).
  • Junker A, Thayssen P, Nielsen B, Andersen PE. The hemodynamic and prognostic significance of echo-Doppler-proven mitral regurgitation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiology83(1–2), 14–20 (1993).
  • Romeo F, Pelliccia F, Cianfrocca C et al. Determinants of end-stage idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a multivariate analysis of 104 patients. Clin. Cardiol.12(7), 387–392 (1989).
  • Bolling SF, Pagani FD, Deeb GM, Bach DS. Intermediate-term outcome of mitral reconstruction in cardiomyopathy. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.115(2), 381–386 (1998).
  • Horvath KA. Transmyocardial laser revascularization in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. J. Card. Surg.15(4), 271–7 (2000).
  • Menasche P, Hagege AA, Vilquin JT et al. Autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation for severe postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.41(7), 1078–1083 (2003).
  • The Veterans Administration Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cooperative Study Group. Eleven-year survival in the Veterans Administration randomized trial of coronary bypass surgery for stable angina. N. Engl. J. Med.311(21), 1333–1339 (1984).
  • Pigott JD, Kouchoukos NT, Oberman A, Cutter GR. Late results of surgical and medical therapy for patients with coronary artery disease and depressed left ventricular function. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.5(5), 1036–1045 (1985).
  • Allman KC, Shaw LJ, Hachamovitch R, Udelson JE. Myocardial viability testing and impact of revascularization on prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: a meta-analysis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.39(7), 1151–1158 (2002).
  • Hausmann H, Topp H, Siniawski H, Holz S, Hetzer R. Decision-making in end-stage coronary artery disease: revascularization or heart transplantation? Ann. Thorac. Surg.64(5), 1296–1301 (1997).
  • Dewey TM, Herbert MA, Prince SL et al. Avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass improves early survival in multivessel coronary artery bypass patients with poor ventricular function. Heart Surg. Forum.7(1), 45–50 (2004).
  • Meharwal ZS, Mishra YK, Kohli V, Bapna R, Singh S, Trehan N. Off-pump multivessel coronary artery surgery in high-risk patients. Ann. Thorac. Surg.74(4), S1353–S1357 (2002).
  • Edwards LB, Keck BM. Thoracic organ transplantation in the US. Clin. Transpl.29–40 (2002).
  • Bennett LE, Keck BM, Hertz MI, Trulock EP, Taylor DO. Worldwide thoracic organ transplantation: a report from the UNOS/ISHLT international registry for thoracic organ transplantation. Clin. Transpl.25–40 (2001).
  • Massad MG. Current trends in heart transplantation. Cardiology101(1–3), 79–92 (2004).
  • Large SR. Is there a crisis in cardiac transplantation? Lancet359(9308), 803–804 (2002).
  • Kass M, Haddad H. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: pathology, prevention and treatment. Curr. Opin. Cardiol.21(2), 132–137 (2006).
  • Kaczmarek I, Deutsch MA, Rohrer ME et al., HLA-DR matching improves survival after heart transplantation: is it time to change allocation policies? J. Heart Lung Transplant.25(9), 1057–1062 (2006).
  • Jeevanandam V, Furukawa S, Prendergast TW, Todd BA, Eisen HJ, McClurken JB. Standard criteria for an acceptable donor heart are restricting heart transplantation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.62(5), 1268–1275 (1996).
  • Potapov EV, Loebe M, Hubler M et al. Medium-term results of heart transplantation using donors over 63 years of age. Transplantation68(12), 1834–1838 (1999).
  • Cooper DK, Keogh AM, Brink J et al. Xenotransplantation Advisory Committee of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Report of the Xenotransplantation Advisory Committee of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: the present status of xenotransplantation and its potential role in the treatment of end-stage cardiac and pulmonary diseases. J. Heart Lung Transplant.19(12), 1125–1165 (2000).
  • Ogata K, Platt JL. Cardiac xenotransplantation: future and limitations. Cardiology101(1–3), 144–155 (2004).
  • Frazier OH, Rose EA, Oz MC et al. HeartMate LVAS Investigators. Left Ventricular Assist System. Multicenter clinical evaluation of the HeartMate vented electric left ventricular assist system in patients awaiting heart transplantation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.122(6), 1186–1195 (2001).
  • Farrar DJ. The Thoratec ventricular assist device: a paracorporeal pump for treating acute and chronic heart failure. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.12(3), 243–250 (2000).
  • El-Banayosy A, Korfer R, Arusoglu L et al. Bridging to cardiac transplantation with the Thoratec Ventricular Assist Device. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.47(Suppl. 2), 307–310 (1999).
  • McBride LR, Naunheim KS, Fiore AC, Moroney DA, Swartz MT. Clinical experience with 111 Thoratec ventricular assist devices. Ann. Thorac. Surg.67(5), 1233–1238 (1999).
  • Morgan JA, Stewart AS, Lee BJ, Oz MC, Naka Y. Role of the Abiomed BVS 5000 device for short-term support and bridge to transplantation. ASAIO J.50(4), 360–363 (2004).
  • Samuels LE, Holmes EC, Thomas MP et al. Management of acute cardiac failure with mechanical assist: experience with the ABIOMED BVS 5000. Ann. Thorac. Surg.71(Suppl. 3), S67–S72 (2001).
  • Goldstein DJ, Oz MC, Rose EA. Implantable left ventricular assist devices. N. Engl. J. Med.339(21), 1522–1533 (1998).
  • Long JW, Kfoury AG, Slaughter MS et al. Long-term destination therapy with the HeartMate XVE left ventricular assist device: improved outcomes since the REMATCH study. Congest. Heart Fail.11(3), 133–138 (2005).
  • Poirier VL. Worldwide experience with the TCI HeartMate system: issues and future perspective. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.47(Suppl 2), 316–320 (1999).
  • Sun BC, Catanese KA, Spanier TB et al. 100 long-term implantable left ventricular assist devices: the Columbia Presbyterian interim experience. Ann. Thorac. Surg.68(2), 688–694 (1999).
  • Robbins RC, Kown MH, Portner PM, Oyer PE. The totally implantable Novacor left ventricular assist system. Ann. Thorac. Surg.71(Suppl. 3), S162–S165 (2001).
  • El-Banayosy A, Deng M, Loisance DY et al. The European experience of Novacor left ventricular assist (LVAS) therapy as a bridge to transplant: a retrospective multi-centre study. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.15(6), 835–841 (1999).
  • Korfer R, El-Banayosy A, Arusoglu L et al. Single-center experience with the thoratec ventricular assist device. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.119(3), 596–600 (2000).
  • Noon GP, Morley DL, Irwin S, Abdelsayed SV, Benkowski RJ, Lynch BE. Clinical experience with the MicroMed DeBakey ventricular assist device. Ann. Thorac. Surg.71(Suppl. 3), S133–S138 (2001).
  • Goldstein DJ. Worldwide experience with the MicroMed DeBakey Ventricular Assist Device as a bridge to transplantation. Circulation108(Suppl. 1), II272–II277 (2003).
  • Wilhelm MJ, Hammel D, Schmid C et al. Long-term support of 9 patients with the DeBakey VAD for more than 200 days. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.130(4), 1122–1129 (2005).
  • Thoennissen NH, Schneider M, Allroggen A et al. High level of cerebral microembolization in patients supported with the DeBakey left ventricular assist device. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.130(4), 1159–1166 (2005).
  • Siegenthaler MP, Frazier OH, Beyersdorf F et al. Mechanical reliability of the Jarvik 2000 Heart. Ann. Thorac. Surg.81(5), 1752–1758 (2006).
  • Siegenthaler MP, Martin J, Pernice K et al. The Jarvik 2000 is associated with less infections than the HeartMate left ventricular assist device. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.23(5), 748–754 (2003).
  • Pagani FD, Strueber M, Naka Y et al. Initial multicenter results with HeartMate II axial flow left ventricular assist device. J. Heart Lung Transpl.24(Suppl. 1), S74 (2005).
  • Copeland JG, Smith RG, Arabia FA et al. CardioWest Total Artificial Heart Investigators. Cardiac replacement with a total artificial heart as a bridge to transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med.351(9), 859–867 (2004).
  • Dowling RD, Gray LA Jr, Etoch SW et al. Initial experience with the AbioCor implantable replacement heart system. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.127(1), 131–141 (2004).
  • Rao V, Oz MC, Flannery MA, Catanese KA, Argenziano M, Naka Y. Revised screening scale to predict survival after insertion of a left ventricular assist device. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.125(4), 855–862 (2003).
  • Suma H; RESTORE Group. Left ventriculoplasty for nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.13(4), 514–521 (2001).
  • Franco-Cereceda A, McCarthy PM, Blackstone EH et al. Partial left ventriculectomy for dilated cardiomyopathy: is this an alternative to transplantation? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.121(5), 879–893 (2001).
  • Dor V, Di Donato M, Sabatier M, Montiglio F, Civaia F; RESTORE Group. Left ventricular reconstruction by endoventricular circular patch plasty repair: a 17-year experience. Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.13(4), 435–447 (2001).
  • Athanasuleas CL, Stanley AW Jr, Buckberg GD, Dor V, DiDonato M, Blackstone EH. Surgical anterior ventricular endocardial restoration (SAVER) in the dilated remodeled ventricle after anterior myocardial infarction. RESTORE group. Reconstructive Endoventricular Surgery, returning Torsion Original Radius Elliptical shape to the LV. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.37(5), 1199–1209 (2001).
  • Carpentier A, Chachques JC. Myocardial substitution with a stimulated skeletal muscle: first successful clinical case. Lancet1(8440), 1267 (1985).
  • Sherwood JT, Schomisch SJ, Thompson DR et al. Aortomyoplasty: hemodynamics and comparison to the intraaortic balloon pump. J. Surg. Res.110(2), 315–321 (2003).
  • Ramnarine IR, Capaccia M, Ashley Z et al. Counterpulsation from the skeletal muscle ventricle and the intraaortic balloon pump in the normal and failing circulations. Circulation114(Suppl. I), I-10–I-15 (2006).
  • Trainini J, Cabrere-Fisher EJ, Barisani J et al. Dynamic aortomyoplasty in treating end-stage heart failure. J. Heart Lung Transplant.21(10), 1068–1073 (2002).
  • Patel HJ, Lankford EB, Polidori DJ et al. Dynamic cardiomyoplasty: its chronic and acute effects on the failing heart. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.114(2), 169–178 (1997).
  • Power JM, Raman J, Dornom A et al. Passive ventricular constraint amends the course of heart failure: a study in an ovine model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc. Res.44(3), 549–555 (1999).
  • Starling RC, Jessup M. Worldwide clinical experience with the CorCap Cardiac Support Device. J. Card. Fail.10(Suppl. 6), S225–S233 (2004).
  • Fukamachi K, McCarthy PM. Initial safety and feasibility clinical trial of the myosplint device. J. Card. Surg.20(6), S43–S47 (2005).
  • Mishra YK, Mittal S, Jaguri P, Trehan N. Coapsys mitral annuloplasty for chronic functional ischemic mitral regurgitation: 1-year results. Ann. Thorac. Surg.81(1), 42–46 (2006).
  • Bolling SF, Deeb GM, Brunsting LA, Bach DS. Early outcome of mitral valve reconstruction in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.109(4), 676–682 (1995).
  • Tibayan FA, Rodriguez F, Langer F et al. Undersized mitral annuloplasty alters left ventricular shape during acute ischemic mitral regurgitation. Circulation110(11 Suppl. 1), II98–II102 (2004).
  • Westenberg JJ, van der Geest RJ, Lamb HJ et al. MRI to evaluate left atrial and ventricular reverse remodeling after restrictive mitral annuloplasty in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation112(Suppl. 9), I437–I442 (2005).
  • Guy TS, Moainie SL, Gorman JH 3rd et al. Prevention of ischemic mitral regurgitation does not influence the outcome ofremodeling after posterolateral myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.43(3), 377–383 (2004).
  • Wu AH, Aaronson KD, Bolling SF, Pagani FD, Welch K, Koelling TM. Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty on mortality risk in patients with mitral regurgitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.45(3), 381–387 (2005).
  • Timek TA, Dagum P, Lai DT et al. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in the ovine heart: mitral annular dynamic three-dimensional geometry. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.125(2), 315–324 (2003).
  • Hueb AC, Jatene FB, Moreira LF, Pomerantzeff PM, Kallas E, de Oliveira SA. Ventricular remodeling and mitral valve modifications in dilated cardiomyopathy: new insights from anatomic study. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.124(6), 1216–1224 (2002).
  • Spoor MT, Geltz A, Bolling SF. Flexible versus nonflexible mitral valve rings for congestive heart failure: differential durability of repair. Circulation114(Suppl. 1), I67–I71 (2006).
  • Acker MA, Bolling S, Shemin R et al. Acorn Trial Principal Investigators and Study Coordinators. Mitral valve surgery in heart failure: insights from the Acorn Clinical Trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.132(3), 568–577 (2006).
  • Grossi EA, Crooke GA. Mitral valve surgery in heart failure: insights from the Acorn clinical trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.132(3), 455–456 (2006).
  • Menicanti L, Di Donato M, Frigiola A et al; RESTORE Group. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: intraventricular papillary muscle imbrication without mitral ring during left ventricular restoration. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.123(6), 1041–1050 (2002).
  • Horvath KA, Greene R, Belkind N, Kane B, McPherson DD, Fullerton DA. Left ventricular functional improvement after transmyocardial laser revascularization. Ann. Thorac. Surg.66(3), 721–725 (1998).
  • Lauer B, Junghans U, Stahl F, Kluge R, Oesterle SN, Schuler G. Catheter-based percutaneous myocardial laser revascularization in patients with end-stage coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.34(6), 1663–1670 (1999).
  • Kohmoto T, Fisher PE, Gu A et al. Physiology, histology, and 2-week morphology of acute transmyocardial channels made with a CO2 laser. Ann. Thorac. Surg.63(5), 1275–1283 (1997).
  • Kohmoto T, Fisher PE, Gu A et al. Does blood flow through holmium:YAG transmyocardial laser channels? Ann. Thorac. Surg.61(3), 861–868 (1996).
  • Yamamoto N, Kohmoto T, Gu A, DeRosa C, Smith CR, Burkhoff D. Angiogenesis is enhanced in ischemic canine myocardium by transmyocardial laser revascularization. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.31(6), 1426–1433 (1998).
  • Chu VF, Giaid A, Kuang JQ et al. Thoracic Surgery Directors Association Award. Angiogenesis in transmyocardial revascularization: comparison of laser versus mechanical punctures. Ann. Thorac. Surg.68(2), 301–307 (1999).
  • Kwong KF, Kanellopoulos GK, Nickols JC et al. Transmyocardial laser treatment denervates canine myocardium. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.114(6), 883–889 (1997)
  • Laham RJ, Simons M, Pearlman JD, Ho KK, Baim DS. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates improved regional systolic wall motion and thickening and myocardial perfusion of myocardial territories treated by laser myocardial revascularization. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.39(1), 1–8 (2002).
  • Frazier OH, March RJ, Horvath KA. Transmyocardial revascularization with a carbon dioxide laser in patients with end-stage coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med.341(14), 1021–1028 (1999).
  • Allen KB, Dowling RD, Fudge TL et al. Comparison of transmyocardial revascularization with medical therapy in patients with refractory angina. N. Engl. J. Med.341(14), 1029–1036 (1999).
  • Burkhoff D, Schmidt S, Schulman SP et al. Transmyocardial laser revascularisation compared with continued medical therapy for treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a prospective randomised trial. ATLANTIC Investigators. Angina Treatments-Lasers and Normal Therapies in Comparison. Lancet354(9182), 885–890 (1999).
  • Lutter G, Attmann T, Heilmann C, von Samson P, von Specht B, Beyersdorf F. The combined use of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) and fibroblastic growth factor (FGF-2) enhances perfusion and regional contractility in chronically ischemic porcine hearts. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.22(5), 753–761 (2002).
  • Mair H, Sachweh J, Meuris B, Nollert G et al. Surgical epicardial left ventricular lead versus coronary sinus lead placement in biventricular pacing. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.27(2), 235–242 (2005).
  • Gabor S, Prenner G, Wasler A et al. A simplified technique for implantation of left ventricular epicardial leads for biventricular re-synchronization using video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS). Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.28(6), 797–800 (2005).
  • Murphy RT, Sigurdsson G, Mulamalla S et al. Tissue synchronization imaging and optimal left ventricular pacing site in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am. J. Cardiol.97(11), 1615–1621 (2006).
  • Casey C, Knight BP. Cardiac resynchronization pacing therapy. Cardiology101(1–3), 72–78 (2004).
  • Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith et al. MIRACLE Study Group. Multicenter Insync RAndomized CLinical Evaluation. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med.346(24), 1845–1853 (2002).
  • Karvounis HI, Dalamaga EG, Papadopoulos CE et al. Improved papillary muscle function attenuates functional mitral regurgitation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy after cardiac resynchronization therapy. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr.19(9), 1150–1157 (2006).
  • Salukhe TV, Francis DP, Sutton R. Comparison of medical therapy, pacing and defibrillation in heart failure (COMPANION) trial terminated early; combined biventricular pacemaker-defibrillators reduce all-cause mortality and hospitalization. Int. J. Cardiol.87(2–3), 119–120 (2003).
  • Feldman AM, de Lissovoy G, Bristow MR et al. Cost effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.46(12), 2311–2321 (2005).
  • Sellke FW, Laham RJ, Edelman ER, Pearlman JD, Simons M. Therapeutic angiogenesis with basic fibroblast growth factor: technique and early results. Ann. Thorac. Surg.65(6), 1540–1544 (1998).
  • Losordo DW, Vale PR, Hendel RC et al. Phase 1/2 placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalating trial of myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor 2 gene transfer by catheter delivery in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia. Circulation105(17), 2012–2018 (2002).
  • Folkman J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat. Med.1(1), 27–31 (1995).
  • Basilico C, Moscatelli D. The FGF family of growth factors and oncogenes. Adv. Cancer Res.59, 115–165 (1992).
  • Rosengart TK, Patel SR, Crystal RG. Therapeutic angiogenesis: protein and gene therapy delivery strategies. J. Cardiovasc. Risk6(1), 29–40 (1999).
  • Stegmann TJ, Hoppert T. Combined local angiogenesis and surgical revascularization for coronary artery disease. Curr. Interv. Cardiol. Rep.1(2), 172–178 (1999).
  • Rosengart TK, Lee LY, Patel SR et al. Angiogenesis gene therapy: Phase I assessment of direct intramyocardia ladministration of an adenovirus vector expressing VEGF121 cDNA to individuals with clinically significant severe coronary artery disease. Circulation100(5), 468–474 (1999).
  • Grines CL, Watkins MW, Helmer G et al. Angiogenic Gene Therapy (AGENT) trial in patients with stable angina pectoris. Circulation105(11), 1291–1297 (2002).
  • Henry TD, Annex BH, McKendall GR et al. The VIVA trial: Vascular endothelial growth factor in Ischemia for Vascular Angiogenesis. Circulation107(10), 1359–1365 (2003).
  • Menache P, Hagege AA, Scorsin M et al. Myoblast transplantation for heart failure. Lancet357, 279–280 (2001).
  • Menasche P, Hagege AA, Vilquin JT et al. Autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation for sever postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.41, 1078–1083 (2003).
  • Shake JG, Gruber PJ, Baumbarner WA et al. Mesenchymal stem cell implantation in swine myocardial infarct model: engraftment and functional effect. Ann. Thorac. Surg.73, 1919–1926 (2002).
  • Strauer BE, Brehm M, Zeus T et al. Repair of infracted myocardium by autologous intracoronary mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation in humans. Circulation106, 1913–1918 (2002).
  • Fuchs S, Satler LF, Kornowski R et al. Catheter-based autologous bone marrow myocardial injection in no-option patients with advanced coronary artery disease: a feasibility study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.41, 1721–1724 (2003).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.