Insight into ACE inhibition in the prevention of cardiac events in stable coronary artery disease: the EUROPA trial

References

• Management of stable angina pectoris. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J.27, 1341–1381 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassand JP, Hamm CW, Ardissino D et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J.28, 1598–1660 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med.342, 145–153 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox KM. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet362, 782–788 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunwald E, Domanski MJ, Fowler SE et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med.351, 2058–2068 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagenais GR, Pogue J, Fox K, Simoons ML, Yusuf S. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in stable vascular disease without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure: a combined analysis of three trials. Lancet368, 581–588 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox K, Ferrari R, Yusuf S, Borer JS. Should angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors be used to improve outcome in patients with coronary artery disease and ‘preserved’ left ventricular function? Eur. Heart J.27, 2154–2157 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gomma AH, Fox KM. The EUROPA trial: design, baseline demography and status of the substudies. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther.15, 169–179 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertrand ME, Remme WJ, Fox KM, Ferrari R, Simoons ML. Effects of perindopril on long-term clinical outcome of patients with coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular function. Int. J. Cardiol.121, 57–61 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceconi C, Fox KM, Remme WJ et al. ACE inhibition with perindopril and endothelial dysfunction. Results of a substudy of the EUROPA study: PERTINENT. Cardiovasc. Res.73, 237–246 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly CA, Fox KM, Remme WJ, Bertrand ME, Ferrari R, Simoons ML. The effect of perindopril on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the EUROPA study: results from the PERSUADE substudy. Eur. Heart J.26, 1369–1378 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deckers JW, Goedhart DM, Boersma E et al. Treatment benefit by perindopril in patients with stable coronary artery disease at different levels of risk. Eur. Heart J.27, 796–801 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox KM, Bertrand ME, Remme WJ, Ferrari R, Simoons ML, Deckers JW. Efficacy of perindopril in reducing risk of cardiac events in patients with revascularized coronary artery disease. Am. Heart J.153, 629–635 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bots ML, Remme WJ, Luscher TF et al. ACE Inhibition and Endothelial Function: Main Findings of PERFECT, a Sub-Study of the EUROPA Trial. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther.21, 269–279 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Vos J, Bruining N et al. Long-term effect of perindopril on coronary atherosclerosis progression (from the PERindopril’s Prospective Effect on Coronary aTherosclerosis by Angiography and IntraVascular Ultrasound Evaluation [PERSPECTIVE] Study). Am. J. Cardiol.100, 159–163 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, De Winter S, Bruining N et al. Effect of perindoprin on coronary remodelling: insights from a multicentre, randomized study. Eur. Heart J.28, 2326–2331 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitt B, O’Neill B, Feldman R et al. The QUinapril Ischemic Event Trial (QUIET): evaluation of chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease and preserved left ventricular function. Am. J. Cardiol.87, 1058–1063 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf S, Pogue J, Myers MG et al. ACE inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med.352, 937–939 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox KM. Management of coronary artery disease: Implications of the EUROPA trial. Br. J. Cardiol.11, 195–204 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Curran MP, McCormack PL, Simpson D. Perindopril: a review of its use in patients with or at risk of developing coronary artery disease. Drugs66, 235–255 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PERTINENT–perindopril-thrombosis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and neurohormonal activation trial: a sub-study of the EUROPA study. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther.17, 83–91 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valgimigli M, Agnoletti L, Curello S et al. Serum from patients with acute coronary syndromes displays a proapoptotic effect on human endothelial cells: a possible link to pan-coronary syndromes. Circulation107, 264–270 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comini L, Bachetti T, Cargnoni A et al. Therapeutic modulation of the nitric oxide pathway: are all ACE inhibitors equivalent? Pharmacol Res56, 42–48 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Ceconi C, Francolini G, Olivares A, Comini L, Bachetti T, Ferrari R. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have different selectivity for bradykinin binding sites of human somatic ACE. Eur. J. Pharmacol. (2007) (In press).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ceconi C, Francolini G, Bastianon D et al. Differences in the effec of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the rare of endothelial cell apoptosis: in vitro and in vivo studies. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. (2007) (In press).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrari R. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in cardiovascular disease: evidence with perindopril. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther.3, 15–29 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosendorff C, Black HR, Cannon CP et al. Treatment of hypertension in the prevention and management of ischemic heart disease. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation115, 2761–2788 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flather MD, Yusuf S, Kober L et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Lancet355, 1575–1581 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden WE, O’Rourke RA, Teo KK et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N. Engl. J. Med.356, 1503–1516 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochman JS, Steg PG. Does preventive PCI work? N. Engl. J. Med.356, 1572–1574 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gislason GH, Rasmussen JN, Abildstrom SZ et al. Long-term compliance with β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins after acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J.27, 1153–1158 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar