219
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Aortic sclerosis, aortic stenosis and lipid-lowering therapy

&
Pages 385-390 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Lindroos M, Kupari M, Heikkila J, Tilvis R. Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.21, 1220–1225(1993).
  • Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK et al. Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular Health Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.29, 630–634(1997).
  • Otto CM, Lind BK, Kitzman DW, Gersh BJ, Siscovick DS. Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly. N. Engl. J. Med.341, 142–147 (1999).
  • Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing Committee to Revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease) developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.48, e1–e148 (2006).
  • Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur. Heart J.24, 1231–1243 (2003).
  • Novaro GM, Katz R, Aviles RJ et al. Clinical factors, but not C-reactive protein, predict progression of calcific aortic-valve disease: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.50, 1992–1998 (2007).
  • Brener SJ, Duffy CI, Thomas JD, Stewart WJ. Progression of aortic stenosis in 394 patients: relation to changes in myocardial and mitral valve dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.25, 305–310 (1995).
  • Faggiano P, Ghizzoni G, Sorgato A et al. Rate of progression of valvular aortic stenosis in adults. Am. J. Cardiol.70, 229–233 (1992).
  • Otto CM, Pearlman AS, Gardner CL. Hemodynamic progression of aortic stenosis in adults assessed by Doppler echocardiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.13, 545–550 (1989).
  • Peter M, Hoffmann A, Parker C, Luscher T, Burckhardt D. Progression of aortic stenosis. Role of age and concomitant coronary artery disease. Chest103, 1715–1719 (1993).
  • Roger VL, Tajik AJ, Bailey KR, Oh JK, Taylor CL, Seward JB. Progression of aortic stenosis in adults: new appraisal using Doppler echocardiography. Am. Heart J.119, 331–338 (1990).
  • Rosenhek R, Klaar U, Schemper M et al. Mild and moderate aortic stenosis; Natural history and risk stratification by echocardiography. Eur. Heart J.25, 199–205 (2004).
  • Mohler ER, 3rd, Gannon F, Reynolds C, Zimmerman R, Keane MG, Kaplan FS. Bone formation and inflammation in cardiac valves. Circulation103, 1522–1528 (2001).
  • O’Brien KD, Reichenbach DD, Marcovina SM, Kuusisto J, Alpers CE, Otto CM. Apolipoproteins B, (a), and E accumulate in the morphologically early lesion of 'degenerative' valvular aortic stenosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.16, 523–532 (1996).
  • Chan KL. Is aortic stenosis a preventable disease? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.42, 593–599 (2003).
  • Aronow WS, Schwartz KS, Koenigsberg M. Correlation of serum lipids, calcium and phosphorus, diabetes mellitus, aortic valve stenosis and history of systemic hypertension with presence or absence of mitral anular calcium in persons older than 62 years in a long-term health care facility. Am. J. Cardiol.59, 381–382 (1987).
  • Deutscher S, Rockette HE, Krishnaswami V. Diabetes and hypercholesterolemia among patients with calcific aortic stenosis. J. Chronic Dis.37, 407–415 (1984).
  • Isner JM, Sours HE, Paris AL, Ferrans VJ, Roberts WC. Sudden, unexpected death in avid dieters using the liquid-protein-modified-fast diet. Observations in 17 patients and the role of the prolonged QT interval. Circulation60, 1401–1412 (1979).
  • Mohler ER, Sheridan MJ, Nichols R, Harvey WP, Waller BF. Development and progression of aortic valve stenosis: atherosclerosis risk factors – a causal relationship? A clinical morphologic study. Clin. Cardiol.14, 995–999 (1991).
  • Sprecher DL, Schaefer EJ, Kent KM et al. Cardiovascular features of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: analysis of 16 patients. Am. J. Cardiol.54, 20–30 (1984).
  • Messika-Zeitoun D, Bielak LF, Peyser PA et al. Aortic valve calcification: determinants and progression in the population. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.27, 642–648 (2007).
  • Pohle K, Maffert R, Ropers D et al. Progression of aortic valve calcification: association with coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors. Circulation104, 1927–1932 (2001).
  • Rajamannan NM, Subramaniam M, Springett M et al. Atorvastatin inhibits hypercholesterolemia-induced cellular proliferation and bone matrix production in the rabbit aortic valve. Circulation105, 2660–2665 (2002).
  • Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I, Goldman ME. Association of coronary risk factors and use of statins with progression of mild valvular aortic stenosis in older persons. Am. J. Cardiol.88, 693–695 (2001).
  • Bellamy MF, Pellikka PA, Klarich KW, Tajik AJ, Enriquez-Sarano M. Association of cholesterol levels, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitor treatment, and progression of aortic stenosis in the community. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.40, 1723–1730 (2002).
  • Novaro GM, Tiong IY, Pearce GL, Lauer MS, Sprecher DL, Griffin BP. Effect of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors on the progression of calcific aortic stenosis. Circulation104, 2205–2209 (2001).
  • Rosenhek R, Rader F, Loho N et al. Statins but not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors delay progression of aortic stenosis. Circulation110, 1291–1295 (2004).
  • Rosenhek R, Binder T, Porenta G et al. Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med.343, 611–617 (2000).
  • Cowell SJ, Newby DE, Prescott RJ et al. A Randomized Trial of Intensive Lipid Lowering Therapy in Calcific Aortic Stenosis. N. Engl. J. Med.2005.
  • Moura LM, Ramos SF, Zamorano JL et al. Rosuvastatin affecting aortic valve endothelium to slow the progression of aortic stenosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.49, 554–561 (2007).
  • Rajamannan NM, Edwards WD, Spelsberg TC. Hypercholesterolemic aortic-valve disease. N. Engl. J. Med.349, 717–718 (2003).
  • Chandra HR, Goldstein JA, Choudhary N et al. Adverse outcome in aortic sclerosis is associated with coronary artery disease and inflammation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.43, 169–175 (2004).
  • Shah SJ, Ristow B, Ali S, Na BY, Schiller NB, Whooley MA. Acute myocardial infarction in patients with versus without aortic valve sclerosis and effect of statin therapy (from the Heart and Soul Study). Am. J. Cardiol.99, 1128–1133 (2007).
  • Hayek T, Attias J, Coleman R et al. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, fosinopril, and the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan, inhibit LDL oxidation and attenuate atherosclerosis independent of lowering blood pressure in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Cardiovasc. Res.44, 579–587 (1999).
  • Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA295, 1556–1565 (2006).
  • Pitt B, Mancini GB, Ellis SG, Rosman HS, Park JS, McGovern ME. Pravastatin limitation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (PLAC I): reduction in atherosclerosis progression and clinical events. PLAC I investigation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.26, 1133–1139 (1995).
  • Tummala PE, Chen XL, Sundell CL et al. Angiotensin II induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in rat vasculature: A potential link between the renin-angiotensin system and atherosclerosis. Circulation100, 1223–1229 (1999).
  • Alcalai R, Viola N, Mosseri M et al. The value of percutaneous coronary intervention in aortic valve stenosis with coronary artery disease. Am. J. Med.120, 185 e7–13 (2007).
  • Chan KL, Teo K, Tam J, Dumesnil JG. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a randomized trial to assess the effect of cholesterol lowering on the progression of aortic stenosis: the Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation: Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin (ASTRONOMER) trial. Am. Heart J.153, 925–931 (2007).
  • Rossebo AB, Pedersen TR, Allen C et al. Design and baseline characteristics of the simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis (SEAS) study. Am. J. Cardiol.99, 970–973 (2007).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.