364
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Prediction of prognosis by markers in community-acquired pneumonia

, , &
Pages 917-929 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al. IDSA/ATS consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44(Suppl. 2), S27–S72 (2007).
  • Heron M, Hoyert DL, Murphy SL et al. Deaths: final data for 2006. Natl Vital. Stat. Rep. 57, 1–134 (2009).
  • Almirall J, Bolíbar I, Vidal J et al. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population based study. Eur. Respir. J. 15, 757–763 (2000).
  • Jokinen C, Heiskanen L, Juvonen H et al. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the population of four municipalities in eastern Finland. Am. J. Epidemiol. 137, 977–988 (1993).
  • Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S et al. Joint Taskforce of the European Respiratory Society and European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections--full version. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 17(Suppl. 6), E1–59 (2011).
  • Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44(Suppl. 2), S27–72 (2007).
  • Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 243–250 (1997).
  • Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 58, 377–382 (2009).
  • Carratalà J, Fernández-Sabé N, Ortega L et al. Outpatient care compared with hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized trial in low-risk patients. Ann. Intern. Med. 142, 165–172 (2005).
  • Huang DT, Weissfeld LA, Kellum JA et al.; GenIMS Investigators. Risk prediction with procalcitonin and clinical rules in community-acquired pneumonia. Ann. Emerg. Med. 52, 48–58 (2008).
  • Chalmers JD, Mandal P, Singanayagam A et al. Severity assessment tools to guide ICU admission in community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 37, 1409–1420 (2011).
  • Mayeux R. Biomarkers: Potential Uses and Limitations. NeuroRx. 1, 182–188 (2004).
  • Naylor S. Biomarkers: current perspectives and future prospects. Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn. 3, 525–529 (2003).
  • Rosón B, Carratalà J, Dorca J et al. Etiology, reasons for hospitalization, risk classes, and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in patients hospitalized on the basis of conventional admission criteria. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33, 158–165 (2001).
  • Blasi F, Garau J, Medina J, Avila M, McBride K, Ostermann H. Current management of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia across Europe: outcomes from REACH. Respir. Res. 14, 44 (2013).
  • Rodriguez A, Lisboa T, Blot S et al. Mortality in ICU patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia: when antibiotics are not enough. Intensive Care Med. 35, 430–438 (2009).
  • Bruns AH, Oosterheert JJ, Cucciolillo MC et al. Cause-specific long-term mortality rates in patients recovered from community-acquired pneumonia as compared with the general Dutch population. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 17, 763–768 (2011).
  • Reade MC, Yende S, D’Angelo G et al.; Genetic and Inflammatory Markers of Sepsis Investigators. Differences in immune response may explain lower survival among older men with pneumonia. Crit. Care Med. 37, 1655–1662 (2009).
  • Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC et al. Pneumonia Guidelines Committee of the BTS Standards of Care Committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax 64 (Suppl. 3), iii1–iii55 (2009).
  • Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Akram AR et al. Severity assessment tools for predicting mortality in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 65, 878–883 (2010).
  • Narvaez-Rivera RM, Rendon A, Salinas-Carmona MC, Rosas-Taraco AG. Soluble RAGE as a severity marker in community acquired pneumonia associated sepsis. BMC Infect. Dis. 12, 15 (2012).
  • Viasus D, Garcia-Vidal C, Simonetti A et al. Prognostic value of serum albumin levels in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia. J. Infect. 66, 415–423 (2013).
  • van de Garde EM, Endeman H, Deneer VH et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D corrected serum ACE activity and severity assessment of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 45, 1326–1331 (2007).
  • Meijvis SC, Cornips MC, Endeman H et al. Prognostic value of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity for outcome of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 49, 1525–1532 (2011).
  • Jeong KY, Kim K, Kim TY et al. Prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Emerg. Med. J. 28, 122–127 (2011).
  • Snijders D, Schoorl M, Schoorl M, Bartels PC, van der Werf TS, Boersma WG. D-dimer levels in assessing severity and clinical outcome in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. A secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 23, 436–441 (2012).
  • Huang DT, Angus DC, Kellum JA et al. Midregional proadrenomedullin as a prognostic tool in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 136, 823–831 (2009).
  • Hu W, Liu CW, Su J, Lu J, Zhu Y, Liu BW. Elevated plasma visfatin concentrations in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Peptides. 43, 8–12 (2013).
  • Suberviola B, Castellanos-Ortega A, Llorca J, Ortiz F, Iglesias D, Prieto B. Prognostic value of proadrenomedullin in severe sepsis and septic shock patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Swiss. Med. Wkly 142, w13542 (2012).
  • Courtais C, Kuster N, Dupuy AM et al. Proadrenomedullin, a useful tool for risk stratification in high Pneumonia Severity Index score community acquired pneumonia. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 31, 215–221 (2013).
  • Schuetz P, Wolbers M, Christ-Crain M et al. ProHOSP Study Group. Prohormones for prediction of adverse medical outcome in community-acquired pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections. Crit. Care 14, R106 (2010).
  • Schuetz P, Christ-Crain M, Zimmerli W, Mueller B. Repeated measurements of endothelin-1 precursor peptides predict the outcome in community-acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 37, 970–980 (2011).
  • Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Hill AT. C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of severity in community-acquired pneumonia. Am. J. Med. 121, 219–225 (2008).
  • Menéndez R, Martínez R, Reyes S et al. Biomarkers improve mortality prediction by prognostic scales in community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax. 64, 587–591 (2009).
  • Lin WC, Lu SL, Lin CF et al. Plasma kallistatin levels in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit. Care. 17, R27 (2013).
  • Brogly N, Devos P, Boussekey N, Georges H, Chiche A, Leroy O. Impact of thrombocytopenia on outcome of patients admitted to ICU for severe community-acquired pneumonia. J. Infect. 55, 136–140 (2007).
  • Salluh JI, Rabello LS, Rosolem MM et al. The impact of coagulation parameters on the outcomes of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia requiring intensive care unit admission. J. Crit. Care. 26, 496–501 (2011).
  • Boussekey N, Leroy O, Alfandari S, Devos P, Georges H, Guery B. Procalcitonin kinetics in the prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 32, 469–472 (2006).
  • Coelho LM, Salluh JI, Soares M et al. Patterns of C-reactive protein RATIO response in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a cohort study. Crit. Care. 16, R53 (2012).
  • Salluh JI, Bozza FA, Soares M et al. Adrenal response in severe community-acquired pneumonia: impact on outcomes and disease severity. Chest. 134, 947–954 (2008).
  • Yende S, D’Angelo G, Mayr F et al.; GenIMS Investigators. Elevated hemostasis markers after pneumonia increases one-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths. PLoS One. 6, e22847 (2011).
  • Braun E, Domany E, Kenig Y, Mazor Y, Makhoul BF, Azzam ZS. Elevated red cell distribution width predicts poor outcome in young patients with community acquired pneumonia. Crit. Care. 15, R194 (2011).
  • Guertler C, Wirz B, Christ-Crain M, Zimmerli W, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Inflammatory responses predict long-term mortality risk in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur. Respir. J. 37, 1439–1446 (2011).
  • Krüger S, Ewig S, Kunde J, Hartmann O, Suttorp N, Welte T; CAPNETZ Study Group. Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and pro-vasopressin for predicting short-term and long-term survival in community-acquired pneumonia: results from the German Competence Network CAPNETZ. Thorax 65, 208–214 (2010).
  • Nowak A, Breidthardt T, Christ-Crain M et al. Direct comparison of three natriuretic peptides for prediction of short- and long-term mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 141, 974–982 (2012).
  • Bello S, Lasierra AB, Mincholé E et al. Prognostic power of proadrenomedullin in community-acquired pneumonia is independent of aetiology. Eur. Respir. J. 39, 1144–1155 (2012).
  • Bauer MP, Hensgens MP, Miller MA et al. Renal failure and leukocytosis are predictors of a complicated course of Clostridium difficile infection if measured on day of diagnosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55(Suppl, 2), S149–153 (2012).
  • Thiem U, Niklaus D, Sehlhoff B et al. C-reactive protein, severity of pneumonia and mortality in elderly, hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Age Ageing 38, 693–697 (2009).
  • Steyerberg EW, Pencina MJ, Lingsma HF, Kattan MW, Vickers AJ, Van Calster. Assessing the incremental value of diagnostic and prognostic markers: a review and illustration. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 42, 216–228 (2012).
  • Marrie TJ, Shariatzadeh MR. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring admission to an intensive care unit: a descriptive study. Medicine (Baltimore). 86, 103–111 (2007).
  • Brown SM, Jones JP, Aronsky D, Jones BE, Lanspa MJ, Dean NC. Relationships among initial hospital triage, disease progression and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology. 17, 1207–1213 (2012).
  • Phua J, Ngerng WJ, Lim TK. The impact of a delay in intensive care unit admission for community-acquired pneumonia. Eur. Respir. J. 36, 826–833 (2010).
  • Charles PG, Wolfe R, Whitby M et al. SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 47, 375–384 (2008).
  • Renaud B, Labarère J, Coma E et al. Risk stratification of early admission to the intensive care unit of patients with no major criteria of severe community-acquired pneumonia: development of an international prediction rule. Crit. Care. 13, R54 (2009).
  • Ramírez P, Ferrer M, Martí V et al. Inflammatory biomarkers and prediction for intensive care unit admission in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit. Care Med. 39, 2211–2217 (2011).
  • Christ-Crain M, Morgenthaler NG, Stolz D et al. Pro-adrenomedullin to predict severity and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia. Crit. Care 10, R96 (2006).
  • Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Scally C, Hill AT. Admission D-dimer can identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Ann. Emerg. Med. 53, 633–638 (2009).
  • Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Hill AT. C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of severity in community-acquired pneumonia. Am. J. Med. 121, 219–225 (2008).
  • Lee JH, Kim J, Kim K et al. Albumin and C-reactive protein have prognostic significance in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J. Crit. Care. 26, 287–294 (2011).
  • Chalmers JD, Taylor JK, Mandal P et al. Validation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoratic Society minor criteria for intensive care unit admission in community-acquired pneumonia patients without major criteria or contraindications to intensive care unit care. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53, 503–511 (2011).
  • Renaud B, Schuetz P, Claessens YE, Labarère J, Albrich W, Mueller B. Proadrenomedullin improves Risk of Early Admission to ICU score for predicting early severe community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 142, 1447–1454 (2012).
  • Halm EA, Fine MJ, Marrie TJ et al. Time to clinical stability in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: implications for practice guidelines. JAMA 279, 1452–1457 (1998).
  • Oosterheert JJ, Bonten MJM, Schneider MME et al. Effectiveness of early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia: multicentre randomised trial. BMJ. 333, 1193 (2006).
  • Carratalà J, Garcia-Vidal C, Ortega L et al. Effect of a 3-step critical pathway to reduce duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy and length of stay in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 172, 922–928 (2012).
  • Garcia-Vidal C, Carratalà J. Early and late treatment failure in community-acquired pneumonia. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 30, 154–160 (2009).
  • Menéndez R, Cavalcanti M, Reyes S et al. Markers of treatment failure in hospitalised community acquired pneumonia. Thorax. 63, 447–452 (2008).
  • Kolditz M, Halank M, Schulte-Hubbert B, Bergmann S, Albrecht S, Höffken G. Copeptin predicts clinical deterioration and persistent instability in community-acquired pneumonia. Respir. Med. 106, 1320–1328 (2012).
  • Menéndez R, Martinez R, Reyes S et al. Stability in community-acquired pneumonia: one step forward with markers? Thorax 64, 987–992 (2009).
  • Christ-Crain M, Breidthardt T, Stolz D, et al. Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the risk stratification of community-acquired pneumonia. J. Intern. Med. 264, 166–176 (2008).
  • Müller B, Morgenthaler N, Stolz D et al. Circulating levels of copeptin, a novel biomarker, in lower respiratory tract infections. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 37, 145–152 (2007).
  • Albrich WC, Dusemund F, Rüegger K et al. Enhancement of CURB65 score with proadrenomedullin (CURB65-A) for outcome prediction in lower respiratory tract infections: derivation of a clinical algorithm. BMC Infect. Dis. 11, 112 (2011).
  • Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E et al.; SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit. Care Med. 31, 1250–1256 (2003).
  • Rello J, Rodriguez A, Lisboa T, Gallego M, Lujan M, Wunderink R. PIRO score for community-acquired pneumonia: a new prediction rule for assessment of severity in intensive care unit patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Crit. Care Med. 37, 456–462 (2009).
  • Waterer GW. Community-acquired pneumonia: genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 33, 257–265 (2012).
  • Lee JH, Chung HJ, Kim K et al. Red cell distribution width as a prognostic marker in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 31, 72–79 (2013).
  • Kolditz M, Höffken G, Martus P et al.; CAPNETZ study group. Serum cortisol predicts death and critical disease independently of CRB-65 score in community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Infect. Dis. 12, 90 (2012).
  • Horie M, Ugajin M, Suzuki M et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in community-acquired pneumonia. Am. J. Med. Sci. 343, 30–35 (2012).
  • Park JH, Wee JH, Choi SP, Oh SH. The value of procalcitonin level in community-acquired pneumonia in the ED. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 30, 1248–1254 (2012).
  • Lee JH, Kim J, Kim K et al. Albumin and C-reactive protein have prognostic significance in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J. Crit. Care. 26, 287–294 (2011).
  • Mirsaeidi M, Peyrani P, Aliberti S et al. Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis at time of hospitalization predict mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 137, 416–420 (2010).
  • Mueller C, Laule-Kilian K, Scholer A, Perruchoud AP. B-type natriuretic peptide for risk stratification in community-acquired pneumonia. J. Intern. Med. 258, 391–393 (2005).
  • Müller B, Morgenthaler N, Stolz D et al. Circulating levels of copeptin, a novel biomarker, in lower respiratory tract infections. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 37, 145–152 (2007).
  • Krüger S, Ewig S, Marre R et al.; CAPNETZ Study Group. Procalcitonin predicts patients at low risk of death from community-acquired pneumonia across all CRB-65 classes. Eur. Respir. J. 31, 349–355 (2008).
  • Masiá M, Papassotiriou J, Morgenthaler NG, Hernández I, Shum C, Gutiérrez F. Midregional pro-A-type natriuretic peptide and carboxy-terminal provasopressin may predict prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Chem. 53, 2193–2201 (2007).
  • Krüger S, Ewig S, Kunde J, Hartmann O, Suttorp N, Welte T; CAPNETZ Study Group. Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and pro-vasopressin for predicting short-term and long-term survival in community-acquired pneumonia: results from the German Competence Network CAPNETZ. Thorax 65, 208–214 (2010).
  • Remmelts HH, van de Garde EM, Meijvis SC et al. Addition of vitamin D status to prognostic scores improves the prediction of outcome in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55, 1488–1494 (2012).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.