Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Volume 11, 2013 - Issue 10
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,097
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorial

Changing epidemiology of Powassan encephalitis in North America suggests the emergence of the deer tick virus subtype

Marc Y EI KhouryNew York Medical College, Division of Infectious Diseases, Munger Pavilion, Room 245, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA+1 914 493 8865+1 914 594 [email protected]
,
Jose F CamargoNew York Medical College, Division of Infectious Diseases, Munger Pavilion, Room 245, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
&
Gary P WormserNew York Medical College, Division of Infectious Diseases, Munger Pavilion, Room 245, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
Pages 983-985 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • McLean DM, Donohue WL. Powassan virus: isolation of virus from a fatal case of encephalitis. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 80, 708–711 (1959).
  • Grard G, Moureau G, Charrel RN et al. Genetic characterization of tick-borne flaviviruses: new insights into evolution, pathogenetic determinants and taxonomy. Virology 361, 80–92 (2007).
  • Kuno G, Artsob H, Karabatsos N, Tsuchiya KR, Chang GJ. Genomic sequencing of deer tick virus and phylogeny of Powassan-related viruses of North America. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 65, 671–676 (2001).
  • Artsob H. Powassan encephalitis. In: The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology (Volume IV) . Monath TP (Ed.). CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 29–49 (1989).
  • Dupuis AP II, Peters RJ, Prusinski MA, Falco RC, Ostfeld RS, Kramer LD. Isolation of deer tick virus (Powassan virus, lineage II) from Ixodes scapularis and detection of antibody in vertebrate hosts sampled in the Hudson Valley, New York State. Parasit. Vectors 6, 185 (2013).
  • Ebel GD, Campbell EN, Goethert HK, Spielman A, Telford SR 3rd. Enzootic transmission of deer tick virus in New England and Wisconsin sites. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 63, 36–42 (2000).
  • Telford SR III, Armstrong PM, Katavolos P et al. A new tick-borne encephalitis-like virus infecting New England deer ticks, Ixodes dammini. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3, 165–170 (1997).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). West Nile virus disease and other arboviral diseases – United States, 2010. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 60, 1009–1013 (2011).
  • El Khoury MY, Camargo JF, White JL et al. Potential role of deer tick virus in the emergence of Powassan virus encephalitis in lyme disease endemic areas of New York state. J. Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2013) (In Press).
  • Deibel R, Srihongse S, Woodall JP. Arboviruses in New York state: an attempt to determine the role of arboviruses in patients with viral encephalitis and meningitis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 28, 577–582 (1979).
  • Gholam BI, Puksa S, Provias JP. Powassan encephalitis: a case report with neuropathology and literature review. CMAJ 161, 1419–1422 (1999).
  • Tavakoli NP, Wang H, Dupuis M et al. Fatal case of deer tick virus encephalitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 2099–2107 (2009).
  • El Khoury MY, Hull RC, Bryant PW et al. Diagnosis of acute deer tick virus encephalitis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 56, e40–e47 (2013).
  • Neitzel DF, Lynfield R, Smith K. Powassan virus encephalitis, Minnesota, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 161, 19(4), 686 (2013).
  • Tokarz R, Jain K, Bennett A, Briese T, Lipkin WI. Assessment of polymicrobial infections in ticks in New York State. Vector. Borne Zoonotic. Dis. 10, 217–221 (2010).
  • Anderson JF, Armstrong PM. Prevalence and genetic characterization of Powassan virus strains infecting Ixodes scapularis in Connecticut. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 87, 754–759 (2012).
  • Brackney DE, Nofchissey RA, Fitzpatrick KA, Brown IK, Ebel GD. Stable prevalence of Powassan virus in Ixodes scapularis in a northern Wisconsin focus Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 79, 971–973 (2008).
  • Ebel GD, Kramer LD. Short report: duration of tick attachment required for transmission of Powassan virus by deer ticks. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71, 268–271 (2004).
  • Hinten SR, Beckett GA, Gensheimer KF et al. Increased recognition of Powassan encephalitis in the United States, 1999–2005. Vector. Borne Zoonotic. Dis. 8, 733–740 (2008).

Websites

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.